鞍千矿矿岩特性与可钻性研究
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摘要
矿岩的可钻性研究是凿岩领域的基础性课题,同时也具有重要的实际意义。矿岩可钻性是选择破岩工具、预测钻速、实现生产定额管理的重要依据。
毗邻齐大山矿的鞍千矿处于初始开采阶段,与齐大山矿位于同一铁矿带的不同两端,但其钻头消耗却是齐大山矿的一倍,针对鞍千矿在凿岩的过程中,存在钻头磨损严重、钻头寿命短,穿孔效率低,矿岩难凿、难磨,生产成本居高不下的现状,对其矿岩可钻性进行研究十分必要。
为了对比,本次研究分别选择鞍千矿和齐大山铁矿的主要岩种,分别磨制了光片(19)个和薄片(29)个,并对其矿物组成、粒度、结构构造、胶结方式、细微构造等进行显微镜下观察和描述；通过把矿样磨细至200目以下,进行X-Ray衍射和二次荧光光谱分析。在细观结构观测的基础上本次试验对已加工的61个矿样共100多个岩芯分别进行了矿样密度、纵波速度、容重、吸水率、抗压强度和抗拉强度测试,对其中33个岩芯进行了弹性模量、泊松比等参数的测试。分别在鞍千矿和齐大山矿进行了现场凿测试验,通过测定矿岩的凿碎比功a和钎刃磨钝宽度b对18种矿岩的可钻性进行分级,结合采掘计划图进行了鞍千矿矿岩的可钻性分区,并在现场对纯凿岩速度和每米炮孔钎头消耗量进行标定,凿测试验数据与现场标定结果相吻合；验证了凿碎比功法进行可钻性分级的科学合理性。
本文研究成果,找到了鞍千矿矿岩难钻、钻头寿命低的根本原因；在与齐大山矿进行对比的基础上,给出了量化的指标和参考依据；结合生产实际对鞍千矿矿岩进行了可钻性分级；通过数值分析,建立了预估特定矿岩条件下钻头寿命的数学模型,对科学、合理地制订劳动生产定额和材料消耗定额提供了技术依据,进而指导优化穿孔工艺技术参数。本文研究对提高钻头寿命、降低穿孔成本、提高管理决策的科学性具有重要的实用价值。
The study of rock drillability is a basic topic in the field of drilling, it has important practical meaning also. Rock drillability is the main foundation of choosing drilling tools, predicting drilling velocity and administering production.
Anqian mine which is in the preliminary stage of the exploitation is beside Qidashan mine. Although Anqian mine is in the opposite side of the same iron ore stratum as Qidashan mine, its wastage of the drill bits is twice as Qidashan mine's. Not only the serious attrition wear and short service life of drill bits and low drilling efficiency are the problems in the process of mining, but also the rock is very difficult to drill. In this situation, the production costs are so high that it is necessary to study the rock drillability.
To contrast, this paper studied the rock property of iron props in both Anqian iron mine and Qidashan iron mine.19 polished sections and 29 thin sections were made in order to observe and describe their mineral composition, grain sizes, texture and structure, cementation mode and fine structure using a microscope. All the core samples were grinded below the 200 mesh in order to carry out X-Ray diffraction and spectrofluorimetry.On the basis of observation of fine structure, this test has checkout density, longitudinal wave velocity, bulk density, water-absorption capacity, compression strength and tensile strength of 61 core samples including 100 rock cores, also tested elastic ratio, Poisson's ratio and other parameters of 33 rock cores. With the chiseling testing in the locale of Anqian mine and Qidashan mine, the drillability of 18 kinds of rocks was classed according to the specific chiseling work (a) and the wearing drill blade width (b). Furthermore, the drillability subareas in Anqian mine were divided according to the digging plan map and the pure rock drilling speed and the drill bits consumption per meter hole were labeled. The data of rock drilling and testing is consistent to the labeled result in locale. The result verified the fact that it is reasonable and scientific to use the method of specific chiseling work to carry out the drillability classification.
The rock of Anqian mine is difficult to drill and the service life of drill bits is short. In this paper, I expound the ultimate reasons. On the basis of comparison to Qidashan mine, quantitative standards and references were given. Ulteriorly, the drillability classification was cared through according to the actual production of Anqian mine. Through numerical analysis, the mathematical model of forecast drill bits life on the specific conditions that can offer technical basis for formulating scientific labor production ration and materials consumption rate was point out. It can further guide optimizing technical parameters of perforation. To sum up, this study has important practical value because it can help to improve drill bits life and management decision-making and lower perforation costs.
毗邻齐大山矿的鞍千矿处于初始开采阶段,与齐大山矿位于同一铁矿带的不同两端,但其钻头消耗却是齐大山矿的一倍,针对鞍千矿在凿岩的过程中,存在钻头磨损严重、钻头寿命短,穿孔效率低,矿岩难凿、难磨,生产成本居高不下的现状,对其矿岩可钻性进行研究十分必要。
为了对比,本次研究分别选择鞍千矿和齐大山铁矿的主要岩种,分别磨制了光片(19)个和薄片(29)个,并对其矿物组成、粒度、结构构造、胶结方式、细微构造等进行显微镜下观察和描述；通过把矿样磨细至200目以下,进行X-Ray衍射和二次荧光光谱分析。在细观结构观测的基础上本次试验对已加工的61个矿样共100多个岩芯分别进行了矿样密度、纵波速度、容重、吸水率、抗压强度和抗拉强度测试,对其中33个岩芯进行了弹性模量、泊松比等参数的测试。分别在鞍千矿和齐大山矿进行了现场凿测试验,通过测定矿岩的凿碎比功a和钎刃磨钝宽度b对18种矿岩的可钻性进行分级,结合采掘计划图进行了鞍千矿矿岩的可钻性分区,并在现场对纯凿岩速度和每米炮孔钎头消耗量进行标定,凿测试验数据与现场标定结果相吻合；验证了凿碎比功法进行可钻性分级的科学合理性。
本文研究成果,找到了鞍千矿矿岩难钻、钻头寿命低的根本原因；在与齐大山矿进行对比的基础上,给出了量化的指标和参考依据；结合生产实际对鞍千矿矿岩进行了可钻性分级；通过数值分析,建立了预估特定矿岩条件下钻头寿命的数学模型,对科学、合理地制订劳动生产定额和材料消耗定额提供了技术依据,进而指导优化穿孔工艺技术参数。本文研究对提高钻头寿命、降低穿孔成本、提高管理决策的科学性具有重要的实用价值。
The study of rock drillability is a basic topic in the field of drilling, it has important practical meaning also. Rock drillability is the main foundation of choosing drilling tools, predicting drilling velocity and administering production.
Anqian mine which is in the preliminary stage of the exploitation is beside Qidashan mine. Although Anqian mine is in the opposite side of the same iron ore stratum as Qidashan mine, its wastage of the drill bits is twice as Qidashan mine's. Not only the serious attrition wear and short service life of drill bits and low drilling efficiency are the problems in the process of mining, but also the rock is very difficult to drill. In this situation, the production costs are so high that it is necessary to study the rock drillability.
To contrast, this paper studied the rock property of iron props in both Anqian iron mine and Qidashan iron mine.19 polished sections and 29 thin sections were made in order to observe and describe their mineral composition, grain sizes, texture and structure, cementation mode and fine structure using a microscope. All the core samples were grinded below the 200 mesh in order to carry out X-Ray diffraction and spectrofluorimetry.On the basis of observation of fine structure, this test has checkout density, longitudinal wave velocity, bulk density, water-absorption capacity, compression strength and tensile strength of 61 core samples including 100 rock cores, also tested elastic ratio, Poisson's ratio and other parameters of 33 rock cores. With the chiseling testing in the locale of Anqian mine and Qidashan mine, the drillability of 18 kinds of rocks was classed according to the specific chiseling work (a) and the wearing drill blade width (b). Furthermore, the drillability subareas in Anqian mine were divided according to the digging plan map and the pure rock drilling speed and the drill bits consumption per meter hole were labeled. The data of rock drilling and testing is consistent to the labeled result in locale. The result verified the fact that it is reasonable and scientific to use the method of specific chiseling work to carry out the drillability classification.
The rock of Anqian mine is difficult to drill and the service life of drill bits is short. In this paper, I expound the ultimate reasons. On the basis of comparison to Qidashan mine, quantitative standards and references were given. Ulteriorly, the drillability classification was cared through according to the actual production of Anqian mine. Through numerical analysis, the mathematical model of forecast drill bits life on the specific conditions that can offer technical basis for formulating scientific labor production ration and materials consumption rate was point out. It can further guide optimizing technical parameters of perforation. To sum up, this study has important practical value because it can help to improve drill bits life and management decision-making and lower perforation costs.
引文
1.东北大学,鞍钢矿业公司.鞍千矿业有限责任公司矿岩特性及可钻性研究[R],鞍钢矿业公司鉴定报告,2007
2. E. Hoek, E.T.Brown.岩石地下工程[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1986
3. Bieniawski. Z.T.Estimating the Strength of Rock Materials[J], J.S.Afr.Inst. Min. Metall,1973, Vol.74: 312-320
4.张志红.岩石可钻性分级的研究现状与分析[J],矿业科学技术,2000,(4)：9-14
5.东北工学院岩石三性综合分级课题组.岩石三性综合分级的研究[J],金属矿山,1992,(7)：1723
6. C.G.White.A Rock Drillability Index[J], Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines,1969,64 (2)
7.И.А.坦加耶夫.岩石的可钻性和可爆性[M](王维德,周叔良译),北京：冶金工业出版社,1987
8.尹宏锦.实用岩石可钻性[M],山东：石油大学出版社,1989
9.黄苹苹.论岩体的可爆性[J],长沙矿山研究院季刊,1989,9(4)：58-62
10.黄苹苹.岩体可爆性的模糊综合评判分级法[J],长沙矿山研究院季刊,1989,9(4)：63-70
11.王维纲,单守智.岩石分级的理论与实践[J],工程地质学报,1993,2(3)
12.林韵梅.岩石分级的理论与实践[M],北京：冶金工业出版杜,1996,36-38
13.闰天俊.岩石可钻性及其在德国的研究状况[J],凿岩机械气动工具,2002,(1)：22-27
14. Sing B, Goel R K. Rock drillability. Rock Mass Classification[C],1999,213-217
15.史晓亮,段隆臣,王蕾,汤凤林,陈小松.微钻法进行岩石可钻性分级[J],金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2002,(03)：32-33
16.胡柳青.冲击载荷作用下岩石动态断裂过程机理研究[D],长沙：中南大学,2005
17.单守智.用微型凿测器测定岩石的可钻性,金属矿山,1994,(1)：4-10
18.费寿林.凿碎法岩石可钻性测定和钻孔效果预估[J],有色金属,1981,33(3)：1-17
19.《采矿手册》编辑委员会.采矿手册(第2卷)[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1990,121-123
20.《采矿设计手册》编辑委员会.采矿设计手册(2)矿床开采卷下[M],北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1987
21.徐小荷,余静.岩石破碎学,北京：煤炭工业出版社,1984,38-39,41-44
22.王让甲.用声波进行钻探岩石分级的研究,探矿工程,1985,(06)：9-11
23.杨明奇.应用模糊模式识别法进行岩石可钻性分级[J],煤田地质与勘探,1994,22(4)：62-65
24.马植侃,刘建明,刘裕国.煤系钻探岩石可钻性分级方法的研究[J],煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(1)：70-78
25.费寿林等.切槽法金刚石钻进岩石可钻性分级[J],探矿工程,1988,(4),5-11
26.鲁凡.岩石可钻性分级的讨论及可钻性精确测量[J],超硬材料工程,2007,(02)：24-29
27.张绍和.一种新的岩石可钻性分级方法研究[J],探矿工程,1999,(6)：32-35
28.鲁凡.岩石可钻性分级的讨论与“切割、对比法”[J],中国有色金属学报,1999,2(5)：21-27
29.程火金,凌胜,李大治.连续冲击凿岩的理论模型[J],矿山机械1993,(6)：2-6
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32.张国样.冲击式凿岩与岩性特征[J],凿岩机械气动工具,2002,(3)：22-28
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2. E. Hoek, E.T.Brown.岩石地下工程[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1986
3. Bieniawski. Z.T.Estimating the Strength of Rock Materials[J], J.S.Afr.Inst. Min. Metall,1973, Vol.74: 312-320
4.张志红.岩石可钻性分级的研究现状与分析[J],矿业科学技术,2000,(4)：9-14
5.东北工学院岩石三性综合分级课题组.岩石三性综合分级的研究[J],金属矿山,1992,(7)：1723
6. C.G.White.A Rock Drillability Index[J], Quarterly of the Colorado School of Mines,1969,64 (2)
7.И.А.坦加耶夫.岩石的可钻性和可爆性[M](王维德,周叔良译),北京：冶金工业出版社,1987
8.尹宏锦.实用岩石可钻性[M],山东：石油大学出版社,1989
9.黄苹苹.论岩体的可爆性[J],长沙矿山研究院季刊,1989,9(4)：58-62
10.黄苹苹.岩体可爆性的模糊综合评判分级法[J],长沙矿山研究院季刊,1989,9(4)：63-70
11.王维纲,单守智.岩石分级的理论与实践[J],工程地质学报,1993,2(3)
12.林韵梅.岩石分级的理论与实践[M],北京：冶金工业出版杜,1996,36-38
13.闰天俊.岩石可钻性及其在德国的研究状况[J],凿岩机械气动工具,2002,(1)：22-27
14. Sing B, Goel R K. Rock drillability. Rock Mass Classification[C],1999,213-217
15.史晓亮,段隆臣,王蕾,汤凤林,陈小松.微钻法进行岩石可钻性分级[J],金刚石与磨料磨具工程,2002,(03)：32-33
16.胡柳青.冲击载荷作用下岩石动态断裂过程机理研究[D],长沙：中南大学,2005
17.单守智.用微型凿测器测定岩石的可钻性,金属矿山,1994,(1)：4-10
18.费寿林.凿碎法岩石可钻性测定和钻孔效果预估[J],有色金属,1981,33(3)：1-17
19.《采矿手册》编辑委员会.采矿手册(第2卷)[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1990,121-123
20.《采矿设计手册》编辑委员会.采矿设计手册(2)矿床开采卷下[M],北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1987
21.徐小荷,余静.岩石破碎学,北京：煤炭工业出版社,1984,38-39,41-44
22.王让甲.用声波进行钻探岩石分级的研究,探矿工程,1985,(06)：9-11
23.杨明奇.应用模糊模式识别法进行岩石可钻性分级[J],煤田地质与勘探,1994,22(4)：62-65
24.马植侃,刘建明,刘裕国.煤系钻探岩石可钻性分级方法的研究[J],煤田地质与勘探,1993,21(1)：70-78
25.费寿林等.切槽法金刚石钻进岩石可钻性分级[J],探矿工程,1988,(4),5-11
26.鲁凡.岩石可钻性分级的讨论及可钻性精确测量[J],超硬材料工程,2007,(02)：24-29
27.张绍和.一种新的岩石可钻性分级方法研究[J],探矿工程,1999,(6)：32-35
28.鲁凡.岩石可钻性分级的讨论与“切割、对比法”[J],中国有色金属学报,1999,2(5)：21-27
29.程火金,凌胜,李大治.连续冲击凿岩的理论模型[J],矿山机械1993,(6)：2-6
30.徐小荷等.冲击凿岩的理论基础与电算方法[M],沈阳：东北工学院出版社,1986
31.陶颂霖.凿岩爆破[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1986
32.张国样.冲击式凿岩与岩性特征[J],凿岩机械气动工具,2002,(3)：22-28
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