胡萝卜雄性不育系生理生化特性的研究
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摘要
本实验采用ELISA和分光光度法，测定了“新黑田五寸”胡萝卜雄性不育系及其保持系不同发育时期花蕾和叶片中IAA、GA_3、ABA、Z+ZR、糖、蛋白质、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛、叶绿素的含量，以及过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶、淀粉酶的活性。讨论分析了各种生理生化指标与胡萝卜雄性不育的相关性。结果表明：
(1)大花蕾中蔗糖和果糖的含量表现为不育系高于保持系，生殖生长期叶片中蔗糖和果糖含量保持系高于不育系。大花蕾中淀粉含量不育系显著高于保持系。
(2)花蕾中蛋白质含量不育系明显亏缺，不育系和保持系叶片中蛋白质含量无显著差异；花蕾和生殖生长期叶片中游离脯氨酸含量不育系显著低于保持系。
(3)花蕾中POD、CAT活性和MDA含量不育系高于保持系，其清除活性氧自由基的反应是非酶促的。
(4)花蕾中NR活性为不育系高于保持系，而生殖生长期叶片中叶绿素含量和NR活性均为不育系低于保持系，说明植株碳素同化和氮素同化都与胡萝卜雄性不育相关。
(5)花蕾中IAA和ABA积累，Z+ZR和GA_3亏缺是胡萝卜雄性不育的特征。IAA／GA_3、IAA／ABA、IAA／(Z+ZR)、GA_3／ABA、(Z+ZR)／ABA、(Z+ZR)／GA_36个内源激素比例均表现为不育系低于保持系。说明花蕾中IAA和Z+ZR含量相对于ABA、GA_3激素的含量不育系比保持系占的比例均要低。
(6)总体看来，胡萝卜雄性不育系及其保持系生殖生长时期较营养生长时期叶片中各生理指标的差异更显著。
本实验结果表明，胡萝卜的育性与花蕾和叶片中糖、蛋白质、游离脯氨酸、激素等生理生化指标有关。花蕾中蛋白质和游离脯氨酸的亏缺，蔗糖、果糖、淀粉、MDA的过度积累，POD和CAT活性的升高，以及IAA和ABA过度积累，GA_3和Z+ZR的亏缺，均是胡萝卜雄性不育系的重要特征。
The contents of endogenous hormones, including IAA, Z+ZR, GA3, ABA of carrot male sterile lines and their corresponding maintainer and restoring lines, were assayed by using ELISA.Att the same time, ,the contents of sugar,protein, free proline, chlorophyl and MDA ,the activities of CAT, POD, NR and amylase were also assayed by spetrophotography .The relations of the physiological and biochemical characters and the male sterility of carrot were discussed during different developmental stages .The results as following:
1 The contents of sucrose , fructose and starch in large floral buds of male-sterile line were higher than the maintainer line;during reproductive stage in leaves,the contents of sucrose and fructose of male-sterile line were higher than the maintainer line.
2 In floral buds of male sterile line,the contents of protein were dramatically deficient,in leaves there was no difference between male sterile line and its maintainer line.In floral buds and leaves the contents of free proline of male sterile line were obviously lower than its maintainer line.
3 In floral buds the activities of POD and CAT,the contents of MDA in male sterile line were higher than the maintainer line.the reactions to remove osyradicals do not depend on the enzymes.
4 In floral buds the activities of NR in male sterile line were higher than the maintainer line ,in reproductive stage the contents of chlorophyll and the activities of NR in male sterile line were lower than its maintainer line,so we deduce that the assimilations of carbon and nitron were related to the male sterility of carrot.
5 In floral buds cumulation of IAA and ABA.deficiency of Z+ZR and GA3 were the characteristic of male sterility of carrot.The ratio of IAA/GA3, IAA/ABA, IAA/(Z+ZR), GA3/ABA, (Z+ZR)/ABA,
(Z+ZR) /GA3 in floral buds in male sterile line were entirely lower than its maintainer line.so it can be inclouded that in floral buds the contents of IAA and Z+ZR compared to the contents of ABA , GA3,the percentage of male sterile line is lower than its maintainer line.
6 In general,1:he difference of male sterile line and the maintainer line of carrot,the development stage was more obvious than the reproductive stage.
In conclusion, the results indicate that there is a relativity between steriliy and the physiological and biochemical characters,eg. sucrose,fructose,protein,hormones,and so on.The characteristic of carrot male sterility is cumulation of sucrose, fructose, starch, MDA, IAA, ABA,the deficiency of protein, free proline, GA3 and Z+ZR, the increasing of the activities of POD and CAT.
(1)大花蕾中蔗糖和果糖的含量表现为不育系高于保持系，生殖生长期叶片中蔗糖和果糖含量保持系高于不育系。大花蕾中淀粉含量不育系显著高于保持系。
(2)花蕾中蛋白质含量不育系明显亏缺，不育系和保持系叶片中蛋白质含量无显著差异；花蕾和生殖生长期叶片中游离脯氨酸含量不育系显著低于保持系。
(3)花蕾中POD、CAT活性和MDA含量不育系高于保持系，其清除活性氧自由基的反应是非酶促的。
(4)花蕾中NR活性为不育系高于保持系，而生殖生长期叶片中叶绿素含量和NR活性均为不育系低于保持系，说明植株碳素同化和氮素同化都与胡萝卜雄性不育相关。
(5)花蕾中IAA和ABA积累，Z+ZR和GA_3亏缺是胡萝卜雄性不育的特征。IAA／GA_3、IAA／ABA、IAA／(Z+ZR)、GA_3／ABA、(Z+ZR)／ABA、(Z+ZR)／GA_36个内源激素比例均表现为不育系低于保持系。说明花蕾中IAA和Z+ZR含量相对于ABA、GA_3激素的含量不育系比保持系占的比例均要低。
(6)总体看来，胡萝卜雄性不育系及其保持系生殖生长时期较营养生长时期叶片中各生理指标的差异更显著。
本实验结果表明，胡萝卜的育性与花蕾和叶片中糖、蛋白质、游离脯氨酸、激素等生理生化指标有关。花蕾中蛋白质和游离脯氨酸的亏缺，蔗糖、果糖、淀粉、MDA的过度积累，POD和CAT活性的升高，以及IAA和ABA过度积累，GA_3和Z+ZR的亏缺，均是胡萝卜雄性不育系的重要特征。
The contents of endogenous hormones, including IAA, Z+ZR, GA3, ABA of carrot male sterile lines and their corresponding maintainer and restoring lines, were assayed by using ELISA.Att the same time, ,the contents of sugar,protein, free proline, chlorophyl and MDA ,the activities of CAT, POD, NR and amylase were also assayed by spetrophotography .The relations of the physiological and biochemical characters and the male sterility of carrot were discussed during different developmental stages .The results as following:
1 The contents of sucrose , fructose and starch in large floral buds of male-sterile line were higher than the maintainer line;during reproductive stage in leaves,the contents of sucrose and fructose of male-sterile line were higher than the maintainer line.
2 In floral buds of male sterile line,the contents of protein were dramatically deficient,in leaves there was no difference between male sterile line and its maintainer line.In floral buds and leaves the contents of free proline of male sterile line were obviously lower than its maintainer line.
3 In floral buds the activities of POD and CAT,the contents of MDA in male sterile line were higher than the maintainer line.the reactions to remove osyradicals do not depend on the enzymes.
4 In floral buds the activities of NR in male sterile line were higher than the maintainer line ,in reproductive stage the contents of chlorophyll and the activities of NR in male sterile line were lower than its maintainer line,so we deduce that the assimilations of carbon and nitron were related to the male sterility of carrot.
5 In floral buds cumulation of IAA and ABA.deficiency of Z+ZR and GA3 were the characteristic of male sterility of carrot.The ratio of IAA/GA3, IAA/ABA, IAA/(Z+ZR), GA3/ABA, (Z+ZR)/ABA,
(Z+ZR) /GA3 in floral buds in male sterile line were entirely lower than its maintainer line.so it can be inclouded that in floral buds the contents of IAA and Z+ZR compared to the contents of ABA , GA3,the percentage of male sterile line is lower than its maintainer line.
6 In general,1:he difference of male sterile line and the maintainer line of carrot,the development stage was more obvious than the reproductive stage.
In conclusion, the results indicate that there is a relativity between steriliy and the physiological and biochemical characters,eg. sucrose,fructose,protein,hormones,and so on.The characteristic of carrot male sterility is cumulation of sucrose, fructose, starch, MDA, IAA, ABA,the deficiency of protein, free proline, GA3 and Z+ZR, the increasing of the activities of POD and CAT.
引文
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