工程建设总承包商与分包商合作关系管理研究
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摘要
建筑业作为国民经济的支柱产业之一,其竞争力在很大程度上影响并决定着我国国民经济增长方式的转变和未来国民经济整体发展的速度与质量。然而,建筑业企业的传统生产管理模式和竞争模式严重制约着建筑业的发展,改革已经成为建筑业企业发展的必然选择。通过改革,改变传统的建筑业企业纵向一体化生产模式;通过改革,推行先进的生产管理方式―精益建设。目前,建筑业企业的生产模式已经逐渐转型为总承包商、专业分包商和劳务分包商的总分包合作生产模式。然而总分包合作生产中出现许多问题,如何认识这种合作关系,如何通过合作管理来提高合作绩效,如何在这种合作模式下实行先进的生产管理方式,成为管理的一个重要研究课题。
本文以工程建设领域的总承包商与分包商为研究对象,综合运用规范研究、案例研究、经验研究等研究方法,采用结构方程模型和灰色关联分析等技术方法,结合建筑业的行业特色和实际需求,站在总承包商的角度,对工程建设总承包商与分包商关系进行研究。
本文运用价值链理论、资源能力理论、交易成本理论和博弈理论分析论证了工程建设总分包合作关系形成的内在动力和深层原因,得出总承包商与分包商之间的最优关系是合作关系的结论。然后,对精益建设生产管理模式进行总结,分析精益建设对总分包关系管理的需求。进而从总承包企业的战略管理角度,利用建设供应链合作关系管理理论为指导来分析总分包关系的特征,作为后续研究的理论基础。
对影响工程建设总承包商与分包商合作绩效的要素及其相关关系进行分析,在理论分析和前人研究成果的基础上,首先分析总承包商与分包商合作质量与合作绩效、合作影响要素,建立总分包合作影响要素及其相关关系的概念模型,然后在全国范围内工程项目上广泛开展调查,利用结构方程模型进行影响要素的验证性研究,验证证明了观念与文化、合同契约机制、沟通与冲突解决机制、能力配置与激励机制、协作配合机制与合作绩效的关系与作用路径。
工程建设总承包商与分包商的合作关系是以总承包商构建建设供应链为基础的,因此,本文以精益建设理论和供应链管理理论为指导,从总承包商角度研究总分包合作关系管理。首先研究总承包商对分包商管理,构建了分包商关系管理模型,对选择管理、协调管理和绩效评估进行了较为深入的探讨。重点研究了精益建设的分包商评价指标和基于灰色聚类和灰色关联分析的分包商评价方法,并案例应用证明其有效性。
合作不是单方的行为,总分包合作成功不仅需要总承包商对分包商进行管理,还需要总承包商运用供应链管理思想对企业内外部进行整合。因此,本研究提出总分包合作关系整合的概念,运用精益建设和供应链管理理论,从整合途径入手,对信任机制、反馈机制、整合重组机制和委托代理机制进行了较为深入的研究。并且设计了基于成熟度模型的总分包合作绩效评价方法,将精益建设与总分包合作管理结合起来,通过总分包合作成熟度管理来促进企业逐渐提高精益建设水平。
本研究将精益建设和建设供应链管理理论结合起来研究建筑总分包关系,在一定程度上完善和丰富了精益建设和建设供应链管理理论和方法,尤其是总分包关系管理的理论和方法,对于促进建筑经济与管理理论的进一步发展,促进工程建设管理模式的改革,推进精益建设生产方式,提高工程质量,降低成本,通过总承包商与分包商的充分合作,增强工程建设企业的核心竞争力具有重要的理论意义和现实应用价值。
Construction industry is one of backbones of the national economy, its competitiveness greatly affects and determines the present increase method and the future speed and quality of national economy. Severely restricted the development of construction industry, therefore, it is bound to innovate the traditional production management model and competition model. Through innovation, change the traditional construction into vertical integration production model, advance advanced production management method, for instance, Lean Construction. The production model of construction enterprise has been changed into general-sub coordinated production model of general contractor, sub-contractor and labor constructor through innovation. Although coordinated production model set up, how to realize the relationship, how to manage it to improve efficiency, and how to administrate advanced production management method has been an important task.
This research focuse on general-sub contractor in construction supply chain (CSC) by combining the research methodolygies,such ad theory analysis and quantitive and qualitative and case study, hybriding multiple principles, such as game thory, structural equation modeling, grey correlation analysis and considering the actual demainds and characters of the construction industry.
Starting with the general-sub contractor relation, further analysis on value chain, enterprise resource theory, game theory, exchange cost theory etc., it explores driving force and inner reason, reaches the conclusion that coordinated relationship is the best and puts forwards management process model on general-sub contractor model. Analyzing requirements to the subcontractor in lean construction management and construction supply chain management strategy relationshipcharacteristics on cooperation theory as theoretical basis.
Then it analyzes the affecting factors and relative relationship which affects general-sub coordinative efficiency on the basis of theoretical research and the previous research results. First, it sets up affecting factors and relative relationship of conceptual model. Then it does a wide investigation on projects throughout the country, researches through structural evaluation model(SEM), testifies the relation and affection method of conception and culture, contract system, conversation system, coordination system, ability allocation and inspiration system and coordinative efficiency.
Studying of sub-contractor management from the general contractor angel, it puts forwards three-stage-management model, sets up stage management model and brings up appraisal Lean Construction index on sub-contractor in each stage. It further puts forward sub-contractor appraisal method based on the gray correlation analysis and applies it into an actual case.
Cooperation is not unilateral acts, a successful cooperation not only need general contractor to manage sub-contractors, still need to use it to supply chain management of enterprises. Therefore, On the basis of integration method, this thesis does an inner research on trust system, feedback system, integration system and entrust-agency system using supply chain management theory and lean construction from the way of integration, to trust mechanism, the feedback mechanism, integration and reorganization mechanism and principal-agent mechanism for a more in-depth study. Based on the capability maturity model, design a performance evaluation method, combining lean construction through a general-sub contractor cooperation to promote mature management enterprise gradually to improve the lean construction level.
Combining lean construction and supply chain management theory to research general-sub contractor relationship are of advantages to enrich and supplement the theory and method of lean construction supply chain, especially general-sub contract management theory, to improve the development of construction economics and management theory, to promote development of construction management mode reform and lean production, improve quality and reduce cost, through full cooperation of general-sub contractor to enhance the core competitiveness of construction enterprise has the important theoretical significance and practical application value.
本文以工程建设领域的总承包商与分包商为研究对象,综合运用规范研究、案例研究、经验研究等研究方法,采用结构方程模型和灰色关联分析等技术方法,结合建筑业的行业特色和实际需求,站在总承包商的角度,对工程建设总承包商与分包商关系进行研究。
本文运用价值链理论、资源能力理论、交易成本理论和博弈理论分析论证了工程建设总分包合作关系形成的内在动力和深层原因,得出总承包商与分包商之间的最优关系是合作关系的结论。然后,对精益建设生产管理模式进行总结,分析精益建设对总分包关系管理的需求。进而从总承包企业的战略管理角度,利用建设供应链合作关系管理理论为指导来分析总分包关系的特征,作为后续研究的理论基础。
对影响工程建设总承包商与分包商合作绩效的要素及其相关关系进行分析,在理论分析和前人研究成果的基础上,首先分析总承包商与分包商合作质量与合作绩效、合作影响要素,建立总分包合作影响要素及其相关关系的概念模型,然后在全国范围内工程项目上广泛开展调查,利用结构方程模型进行影响要素的验证性研究,验证证明了观念与文化、合同契约机制、沟通与冲突解决机制、能力配置与激励机制、协作配合机制与合作绩效的关系与作用路径。
工程建设总承包商与分包商的合作关系是以总承包商构建建设供应链为基础的,因此,本文以精益建设理论和供应链管理理论为指导,从总承包商角度研究总分包合作关系管理。首先研究总承包商对分包商管理,构建了分包商关系管理模型,对选择管理、协调管理和绩效评估进行了较为深入的探讨。重点研究了精益建设的分包商评价指标和基于灰色聚类和灰色关联分析的分包商评价方法,并案例应用证明其有效性。
合作不是单方的行为,总分包合作成功不仅需要总承包商对分包商进行管理,还需要总承包商运用供应链管理思想对企业内外部进行整合。因此,本研究提出总分包合作关系整合的概念,运用精益建设和供应链管理理论,从整合途径入手,对信任机制、反馈机制、整合重组机制和委托代理机制进行了较为深入的研究。并且设计了基于成熟度模型的总分包合作绩效评价方法,将精益建设与总分包合作管理结合起来,通过总分包合作成熟度管理来促进企业逐渐提高精益建设水平。
本研究将精益建设和建设供应链管理理论结合起来研究建筑总分包关系,在一定程度上完善和丰富了精益建设和建设供应链管理理论和方法,尤其是总分包关系管理的理论和方法,对于促进建筑经济与管理理论的进一步发展,促进工程建设管理模式的改革,推进精益建设生产方式,提高工程质量,降低成本,通过总承包商与分包商的充分合作,增强工程建设企业的核心竞争力具有重要的理论意义和现实应用价值。
Construction industry is one of backbones of the national economy, its competitiveness greatly affects and determines the present increase method and the future speed and quality of national economy. Severely restricted the development of construction industry, therefore, it is bound to innovate the traditional production management model and competition model. Through innovation, change the traditional construction into vertical integration production model, advance advanced production management method, for instance, Lean Construction. The production model of construction enterprise has been changed into general-sub coordinated production model of general contractor, sub-contractor and labor constructor through innovation. Although coordinated production model set up, how to realize the relationship, how to manage it to improve efficiency, and how to administrate advanced production management method has been an important task.
This research focuse on general-sub contractor in construction supply chain (CSC) by combining the research methodolygies,such ad theory analysis and quantitive and qualitative and case study, hybriding multiple principles, such as game thory, structural equation modeling, grey correlation analysis and considering the actual demainds and characters of the construction industry.
Starting with the general-sub contractor relation, further analysis on value chain, enterprise resource theory, game theory, exchange cost theory etc., it explores driving force and inner reason, reaches the conclusion that coordinated relationship is the best and puts forwards management process model on general-sub contractor model. Analyzing requirements to the subcontractor in lean construction management and construction supply chain management strategy relationshipcharacteristics on cooperation theory as theoretical basis.
Then it analyzes the affecting factors and relative relationship which affects general-sub coordinative efficiency on the basis of theoretical research and the previous research results. First, it sets up affecting factors and relative relationship of conceptual model. Then it does a wide investigation on projects throughout the country, researches through structural evaluation model(SEM), testifies the relation and affection method of conception and culture, contract system, conversation system, coordination system, ability allocation and inspiration system and coordinative efficiency.
Studying of sub-contractor management from the general contractor angel, it puts forwards three-stage-management model, sets up stage management model and brings up appraisal Lean Construction index on sub-contractor in each stage. It further puts forward sub-contractor appraisal method based on the gray correlation analysis and applies it into an actual case.
Cooperation is not unilateral acts, a successful cooperation not only need general contractor to manage sub-contractors, still need to use it to supply chain management of enterprises. Therefore, On the basis of integration method, this thesis does an inner research on trust system, feedback system, integration system and entrust-agency system using supply chain management theory and lean construction from the way of integration, to trust mechanism, the feedback mechanism, integration and reorganization mechanism and principal-agent mechanism for a more in-depth study. Based on the capability maturity model, design a performance evaluation method, combining lean construction through a general-sub contractor cooperation to promote mature management enterprise gradually to improve the lean construction level.
Combining lean construction and supply chain management theory to research general-sub contractor relationship are of advantages to enrich and supplement the theory and method of lean construction supply chain, especially general-sub contract management theory, to improve the development of construction economics and management theory, to promote development of construction management mode reform and lean production, improve quality and reduce cost, through full cooperation of general-sub contractor to enhance the core competitiveness of construction enterprise has the important theoretical significance and practical application value.
引文
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