HARQ在跨层设计中的应用研究
|
摘要
随着改革开放的步伐的加快，人们的生活水平得到了大幅度的提高。无线移动通信成为了人们生活中不可缺少的组成部分。人们对移动通信服务的要求也越来越高：要求服务的种类更多样化，服务的质量更高。而移动通信研究的最终目标是：任何人任何时间在任何地点，实现高质量多种类的通信。社会的需求与技术研究的目标相统一，这进一步促进了通信技术的研究。然而研究人员面临着无线通信资源的日渐紧张和人们对通信服务质量要求不断提高这两者之间的矛盾。为解决此矛盾，人们提出跨层设计的思想：打破原有通信系统框架，联合设计各个协议层之间的参数，从而达到自适应地充分利用系统资源，为用户提供更好服务的目的。
通信的有效性和可靠性一直是通信研究追求的两个目标。由于无线通信信道的时变性，当信道变化剧烈时，仅仅使用信道编码的前向纠错技术很难满足通信的可靠性。因此，在系统延时允许的前提下，合理的应用重传技术可以在提高系统可靠性的同时保持较高的系统有效性，因此混合自动请求重传技术应运而生。
本论文的主要工作：
1．全面研究了Type-Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ型HARQ的基本原理。结合信道编码卷积码研究HARQ的实现方法，研究HARQ中各个参数的性能。总结出不同类型的HARQ的适用环境。
2．研究了自适应编码调制的原理和性能，并且结合卷积码研究高效调制的性能和使用环境。
3．以跨层设计为基本思想，考虑将物理层和数据链路层两个协议层联合设计。在满足数据链路层的QoS参数的前提下，联合设计HARQ和AMC技术，提高系统的平均频谱利用率。对系统的性能进行分析，给出系统性能的数学表达式。
As the opening and reform policy has been carried out in china, the standard of living has improved greatly. The wireless mobile communication has become an indispensable part in people's everyday life. And the higher requirements of the service in mobile communication are demanded which are more various kinds of service and the higher quality. The ultimate goal of the mobile communication research is: anybody at anywhere at anytime could achieve high quality and various kinds of communication. As a result, the requirements of the society and the goal of the research agree with each other, which push the communication research forward. But the communication researchers are facing the contradiction between the going short of the wireless communication resources and the higher requirements of the services of the communication. So they proposed the concept of cross layer design, break the traditional seven layers protocol communication framework, and consider the parameters of different layers together to make full use of the system resources, in order to provide better services for the users.
The reliability and the validity of the communication are two goals of the communication research. Because of the time-varying character of the mobile communication channel, the channel code alone could not satisfy the reliability of the mobile communication. So we apply the hybrid automatic repeat request techniques in the communication system framework, under the QoS requirements of the system, to achieve the higher reliability and validity at the same time. This is the essence of the hybrid automatic repeat request.
The work has been done in my thesis are:
1. Do research on the basic principle of the type-I, II, III HARQ, and use the convolutional code to realize three different types of HARQ. Analyze the performances of different parameters. Summarize the application conditions of type-I, H,III HARQ. 2. Obtain the principle and the performance of the automatic modulation and coding technique. The convolutinal code is used in this part.
3. Combine the automatic modulation at the physical layer and the hybrid automatic repeat request at the data link layer to do the cross layer design. Under the prescribed QoS requirements at the data link layer, combine the HARQ and the AMC together to design the system and improve the system average spectral frequency. Analysis the performance of the system and figure out the mathematic expression of the system performance.
通信的有效性和可靠性一直是通信研究追求的两个目标。由于无线通信信道的时变性，当信道变化剧烈时，仅仅使用信道编码的前向纠错技术很难满足通信的可靠性。因此，在系统延时允许的前提下，合理的应用重传技术可以在提高系统可靠性的同时保持较高的系统有效性，因此混合自动请求重传技术应运而生。
本论文的主要工作：
1．全面研究了Type-Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ型HARQ的基本原理。结合信道编码卷积码研究HARQ的实现方法，研究HARQ中各个参数的性能。总结出不同类型的HARQ的适用环境。
2．研究了自适应编码调制的原理和性能，并且结合卷积码研究高效调制的性能和使用环境。
3．以跨层设计为基本思想，考虑将物理层和数据链路层两个协议层联合设计。在满足数据链路层的QoS参数的前提下，联合设计HARQ和AMC技术，提高系统的平均频谱利用率。对系统的性能进行分析，给出系统性能的数学表达式。
As the opening and reform policy has been carried out in china, the standard of living has improved greatly. The wireless mobile communication has become an indispensable part in people's everyday life. And the higher requirements of the service in mobile communication are demanded which are more various kinds of service and the higher quality. The ultimate goal of the mobile communication research is: anybody at anywhere at anytime could achieve high quality and various kinds of communication. As a result, the requirements of the society and the goal of the research agree with each other, which push the communication research forward. But the communication researchers are facing the contradiction between the going short of the wireless communication resources and the higher requirements of the services of the communication. So they proposed the concept of cross layer design, break the traditional seven layers protocol communication framework, and consider the parameters of different layers together to make full use of the system resources, in order to provide better services for the users.
The reliability and the validity of the communication are two goals of the communication research. Because of the time-varying character of the mobile communication channel, the channel code alone could not satisfy the reliability of the mobile communication. So we apply the hybrid automatic repeat request techniques in the communication system framework, under the QoS requirements of the system, to achieve the higher reliability and validity at the same time. This is the essence of the hybrid automatic repeat request.
The work has been done in my thesis are:
1. Do research on the basic principle of the type-I, II, III HARQ, and use the convolutional code to realize three different types of HARQ. Analyze the performances of different parameters. Summarize the application conditions of type-I, H,III HARQ. 2. Obtain the principle and the performance of the automatic modulation and coding technique. The convolutinal code is used in this part.
3. Combine the automatic modulation at the physical layer and the hybrid automatic repeat request at the data link layer to do the cross layer design. Under the prescribed QoS requirements at the data link layer, combine the HARQ and the AMC together to design the system and improve the system average spectral frequency. Analysis the performance of the system and figure out the mathematic expression of the system performance.
引文
[1] 3GPP TR 25.848 v4.0.0 Physical layer aspect of UTRA high speed Downlink Packet.
[2] B. Bougard, S. Pollin, A. Dejonghe, E Catthoor, and W. Dehaene, "Cross-Layer Power Management in Wirless Networks and Consequences on System-Level Architecture," EURASIP Signal Processing Journal, 2005.
[3] Rex Min, Anantha Chandrakasan, "A Framework for Energy-Scalable Communication in High-DensityWireless Networks," in ISLPED '02: Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, Monterey, California, USA, 2002, pp. 36-41.
[4] Randall A. Berry, Rober G. Gallager, "Communication Over Fading Channels With Delay Constraints," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, ,May 2002,vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1135-1149.
[5] Goldsmith, A."Adaptive modulation and coding for fading channels",Proceedings of the Information Theory and Communications Workshop, 1999, pp. 24～26.
[6] 王乃博，马军．"HSDPA 终端侧 HARQ 合并技术的研究”，电信快报，2006年，第4期，页数：42-44．
[7] Lin. S., Costello. D. J. and Miller. M., "Automatic-Repeat-reQuest Error-Control Schemes,",IEEE Commun., Mag. ,Dec. 1984,Vol.22, Issue 12, pp.5-17.
[8] S.Kallel ,"Generalized Type Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ Scheme Using Punctured Convolutional Coding" ,IEEE Transaction on Communications, vol. COM-38, November, 1990, pp. 1938-1946.
[9] D. N. Rowitch "On the Performance of Hybrid FEC/ARQ System Using Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo Codes" IEEE Transaction on Communications, June 2000, vol. 48, no, 6,pp:948-959.
[10] Douglas N, Laurence B. Milstein on the performance of hybrid FEC-ARQ systems using rate compatible punctured turbo (RCPT) codes. IEEE Trans. on Communications, 2000, 48(6): 948-959.
[11] Garg D, Kimura R, Adachi F. RCPT hybrid ARQ with limited number of retransmissions in DS-CDMA. Electronics Letters,2003, 39(2): 241-242.
[12] S. Kallel "Complementary Punctured Convolutional Codes and Their use in Hybrid ARQ Scheme" IEEE Pac Rim 1993, pp:186-189.
[13] Qingwen Liu, Shengli Zhou, Giannakis, G. B., "Cross-layer Combining of Adaptive Modulation and Coding With Truncated ARQ Over Wireless Links",IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Sept. 2004, Vol. 3, pp. 1746-1755.
[14] Dalei Wu, Song Ci ."Cross-Layer Design for Combining Adaptive Modulation and Coding with Hybrid ARQ". IWCMC'06, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 3-6, 2006, pp: 147-152.
[15] Dalei Wu, Song Ci. "Cross-Layer Combination of Hybrid ARQ and Adaptive Modulation and Coding for QoS provisioning in Wireless Data Networks" .Q Shine'06 The Third International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks.
[16] J. Gross et al., "Cross-Layer Optimization of OFDM Transmission Systems for MPEG-4 Video Streaming," Comp. Commun., vol. 27, 2004, pp. 1044-55.
[17] R. S. Tupelly, J. Zhang, and E. K. P. Chong, "Opportunistic Scheduling for Streaming Video in Wireless Networks," 37th Annual Conf. Info. Sci. and Sys., Baltimore, M D, Mar. 12-14, 2003.
[18] Q. Liu, S. Zhou, and G. Giannakis, "Cross-layer Scheduling with Prescribed QoS Guarantees in Adaptive Wireless Networks," IEEE JSAC, May 2005, vol. 23, no. 5,pp. 1056-66.
[19] Y. Shan and A. Zakhor, "Cross Layer Techniques for Adaptive Video Streaming over Wireless Networks," IEEE Int'l. Conf. Multimedia and Expo, Lausanne, Switzerland, Aug. 26-29, 2002.
[20] M. van der Schaar et al., "Adaptive Cross-Layer Protection Strategies for Robust Scalable Video Transmission over 802.11 WLANs," IEEE JSAC, Dec.2003, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1752-63.
[21] Y. Peng et al., "Adaptive Resource Allocation and Frame Scheduling for Wireless Multi-user Video Streaming,"IEEE Int'l. Conf. Image Proc., Geneva, Italy, Sept. 11-14, 2005.
[22] T. Shi and L. Cao "Combining Techniques and Segment Selective Repeat on Turbo Coded Hybrid ARQ" IEEE Commun, Society WCNC 2004,pp: 2115-2119.
[23] Stuhlmuller, K.; Farber, N.; Link, M.; Girod, B," Analysis of video transmission over lossy channels",IEEE JSAC, June 2000, Vol 18, pp.1012 - 1032.
[24] Jing Yang, Xiangzhong Fang and Hongkai Xiong," A Joint Rate Control Scheme for H.264 Encoding of Multiple Video Sequences", 2005, Volume 51, pp.617 - 623.
[25] Chingfu Lan, Tianli Chu, Namyanan, K.R., Zixiang Xiong," Scalable image and video transmission using irregular repeat-accumulate codes with fast algorithm for optimal unequal error protection",IEEE Trans. Comm. July 2004,Vol52, pp.1092 - 1101.
[26] Conti, M.; Maselli, G.; Tuff, G; Giordano, S. "Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc network design" IEEE Computer Society, Feb 2004,Vol 37, Issue 2, pp: 48 - 51.
[27] L.Tong and Q.Zhao, "Multipacket Reception in Random Access Wireless Networks: From Signal Processing to Optimal Medium Access Control", IEEE Communications Magazine, 2001, Vol.39, No.11, pp.108-122.
[28] 任艳颖，张文军，王彬．”混合ARQ机制的性能分析”计算机工程与应用，2003，页数：13-15．
[29] M. J. Miller and S. Lin '"The analysis of some selective-repeat ARQ schemes with finite receiver buffer,"/E(?) Trans. Commun., Sept. 1981, COM-29, pp. 1307-1315.
[30] A., Costello, D., Jr. Dmkarev,"A Comparison of Block and Convolutional Codes in ARQ Error Control Schemes ";Communications, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988],Nov 1982,Volume 30, Issue 11, pp:2449 - 2455.
[31] E. J. Weldon, Jr., "An improved selective-repeat ARQ strategy," I(?) Trans. Commun. COM-30, March 1982. no. 3, pp. 480-486.
[32] A. R. K. Sastry, "Performance of hybrid error control schemes on satellite channels,"/E(?) Trans. Commun., July 1975, COM-23, pp.689-694.
[33] P. S. Yu and S. Lin, "An efficient selective-repeat ARQ scheme for satellite channels and its throughput analysis,"/E(?) Trans.Commun., March 1981, COM-29, pp. 353-363.
[34] Y-M,Wang"A Modified Selective-Repeat Type-Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ System and Its Performance Analysis "IEEE Transactions on communications, May, 1983,Vol., Com-31 ,NO.5..
[35] Kallel. S., "Analysis of a Type-Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ Scheme with Code Combining," IEEE Trans.Commun, Aug.1990,Vol.38, Issue 8, pp. 1133-1137.
[36] Kallel.S.,"Complementary Punctured Convolutional (CPC) Codes and Their Applications,"IEEE Trans.Commun., June, 1995, Vol.43, Issue 6, pp. 2005-2009.
[37] Kdshna R.Narayanan."A Novel ARQ technique using the Turbo Coding Pdciple".IEEE Communications letter.,march 1997,Vol, 1 ,NO.2.
[38] Douglas N.Rowitch."On the Performance of Hybrid FEC/ARQ System Using Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo(RCPT) Codes". IEEE Transactions on Communications, June 2000, vol.48, no.6.
[39] Abdel-Ghani A. Daraiseh, Carl W.Baum." Methods for packet combining in HARQ system over bursty channels" mobile networks and application 2(1997),pp.213-224.
[40] Hans-Jurgen Zepernick."Reliability and Throughput Analysis of ARQ Schemes in Burst Error Channnels". ISIT 1997,Ulm,Germany, June 29-July 4.
[41] Pal Frenger, Martin dottling ."Performance Comparison of HARQ with Chase Combining and Incremental Redundancy for HSDPA "IEEE 2001.
[42] Srivastava. V, and. Motani. M, "Cross-Layer Design: A Survey and the Road Ahead," IEEE Commun., Mag., Dec.2005, Vol. 43, Issue 12, pp.112-119.
[43] Mohamad Assaad, Djamal Zeghlache. "Cross-Layer Design in HSDPA System to Redunce the TCP Effect" IEEE Journal on Selected areas in communications,March 2006,vol,.24,No,3 pp:614-625.
[44] Xiaojun Lin, Ness B."The Impact of Imperfect Scheduling on Cross-Layer Congestion Control in Wireless Networks" IEEE/CM transactions on networking,vol,14,no,2,apdl 2006.p.302-315.
[45] Viterbi and J. K. Omura, Principles of Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
[46] (美) 斯托林斯 著，王海等 译 《数据与计算机通信》，电子工业出版社，2004．
[47] Joachim Hagenauer. "Rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes (RCPC codes) and their applications".,IEEE Trans. On Communications, 1988, 36(4): 389-400.
[48] 周秦英，郭旭东，徐朝军，葛晖，王新梅．”基于RCPC码的分块传输的新型HARQ系统”，电子与信息学报，2006年12月第28卷第12期．
[49] Qingchun Chen, Pingzhi Fan. "On the performance of type-Ⅲ hybrid ARQ with RCPC codes".PIMRC(IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications), Sept. 2003, Beijing, China, 2003, Vol. 2: 7-10, pp:1297 - 1301.
[50] Doufexi. A., Armour. S. and Butler. M.,"A Comparison of the HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11 a Wireless LAN Standards", IEEE Commun., Mag., May 2002, Volume 40, Issue 5, pp.172-180.
[2] B. Bougard, S. Pollin, A. Dejonghe, E Catthoor, and W. Dehaene, "Cross-Layer Power Management in Wirless Networks and Consequences on System-Level Architecture," EURASIP Signal Processing Journal, 2005.
[3] Rex Min, Anantha Chandrakasan, "A Framework for Energy-Scalable Communication in High-DensityWireless Networks," in ISLPED '02: Proceedings of the 2002 international symposium on Low power electronics and design, Monterey, California, USA, 2002, pp. 36-41.
[4] Randall A. Berry, Rober G. Gallager, "Communication Over Fading Channels With Delay Constraints," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, ,May 2002,vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1135-1149.
[5] Goldsmith, A."Adaptive modulation and coding for fading channels",Proceedings of the Information Theory and Communications Workshop, 1999, pp. 24～26.
[6] 王乃博，马军．"HSDPA 终端侧 HARQ 合并技术的研究”，电信快报，2006年，第4期，页数：42-44．
[7] Lin. S., Costello. D. J. and Miller. M., "Automatic-Repeat-reQuest Error-Control Schemes,",IEEE Commun., Mag. ,Dec. 1984,Vol.22, Issue 12, pp.5-17.
[8] S.Kallel ,"Generalized Type Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ Scheme Using Punctured Convolutional Coding" ,IEEE Transaction on Communications, vol. COM-38, November, 1990, pp. 1938-1946.
[9] D. N. Rowitch "On the Performance of Hybrid FEC/ARQ System Using Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo Codes" IEEE Transaction on Communications, June 2000, vol. 48, no, 6,pp:948-959.
[10] Douglas N, Laurence B. Milstein on the performance of hybrid FEC-ARQ systems using rate compatible punctured turbo (RCPT) codes. IEEE Trans. on Communications, 2000, 48(6): 948-959.
[11] Garg D, Kimura R, Adachi F. RCPT hybrid ARQ with limited number of retransmissions in DS-CDMA. Electronics Letters,2003, 39(2): 241-242.
[12] S. Kallel "Complementary Punctured Convolutional Codes and Their use in Hybrid ARQ Scheme" IEEE Pac Rim 1993, pp:186-189.
[13] Qingwen Liu, Shengli Zhou, Giannakis, G. B., "Cross-layer Combining of Adaptive Modulation and Coding With Truncated ARQ Over Wireless Links",IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Sept. 2004, Vol. 3, pp. 1746-1755.
[14] Dalei Wu, Song Ci ."Cross-Layer Design for Combining Adaptive Modulation and Coding with Hybrid ARQ". IWCMC'06, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, July 3-6, 2006, pp: 147-152.
[15] Dalei Wu, Song Ci. "Cross-Layer Combination of Hybrid ARQ and Adaptive Modulation and Coding for QoS provisioning in Wireless Data Networks" .Q Shine'06 The Third International Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks.
[16] J. Gross et al., "Cross-Layer Optimization of OFDM Transmission Systems for MPEG-4 Video Streaming," Comp. Commun., vol. 27, 2004, pp. 1044-55.
[17] R. S. Tupelly, J. Zhang, and E. K. P. Chong, "Opportunistic Scheduling for Streaming Video in Wireless Networks," 37th Annual Conf. Info. Sci. and Sys., Baltimore, M D, Mar. 12-14, 2003.
[18] Q. Liu, S. Zhou, and G. Giannakis, "Cross-layer Scheduling with Prescribed QoS Guarantees in Adaptive Wireless Networks," IEEE JSAC, May 2005, vol. 23, no. 5,pp. 1056-66.
[19] Y. Shan and A. Zakhor, "Cross Layer Techniques for Adaptive Video Streaming over Wireless Networks," IEEE Int'l. Conf. Multimedia and Expo, Lausanne, Switzerland, Aug. 26-29, 2002.
[20] M. van der Schaar et al., "Adaptive Cross-Layer Protection Strategies for Robust Scalable Video Transmission over 802.11 WLANs," IEEE JSAC, Dec.2003, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1752-63.
[21] Y. Peng et al., "Adaptive Resource Allocation and Frame Scheduling for Wireless Multi-user Video Streaming,"IEEE Int'l. Conf. Image Proc., Geneva, Italy, Sept. 11-14, 2005.
[22] T. Shi and L. Cao "Combining Techniques and Segment Selective Repeat on Turbo Coded Hybrid ARQ" IEEE Commun, Society WCNC 2004,pp: 2115-2119.
[23] Stuhlmuller, K.; Farber, N.; Link, M.; Girod, B," Analysis of video transmission over lossy channels",IEEE JSAC, June 2000, Vol 18, pp.1012 - 1032.
[24] Jing Yang, Xiangzhong Fang and Hongkai Xiong," A Joint Rate Control Scheme for H.264 Encoding of Multiple Video Sequences", 2005, Volume 51, pp.617 - 623.
[25] Chingfu Lan, Tianli Chu, Namyanan, K.R., Zixiang Xiong," Scalable image and video transmission using irregular repeat-accumulate codes with fast algorithm for optimal unequal error protection",IEEE Trans. Comm. July 2004,Vol52, pp.1092 - 1101.
[26] Conti, M.; Maselli, G.; Tuff, G; Giordano, S. "Cross-layering in mobile ad hoc network design" IEEE Computer Society, Feb 2004,Vol 37, Issue 2, pp: 48 - 51.
[27] L.Tong and Q.Zhao, "Multipacket Reception in Random Access Wireless Networks: From Signal Processing to Optimal Medium Access Control", IEEE Communications Magazine, 2001, Vol.39, No.11, pp.108-122.
[28] 任艳颖，张文军，王彬．”混合ARQ机制的性能分析”计算机工程与应用，2003，页数：13-15．
[29] M. J. Miller and S. Lin '"The analysis of some selective-repeat ARQ schemes with finite receiver buffer,"/E(?) Trans. Commun., Sept. 1981, COM-29, pp. 1307-1315.
[30] A., Costello, D., Jr. Dmkarev,"A Comparison of Block and Convolutional Codes in ARQ Error Control Schemes ";Communications, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988],Nov 1982,Volume 30, Issue 11, pp:2449 - 2455.
[31] E. J. Weldon, Jr., "An improved selective-repeat ARQ strategy," I(?) Trans. Commun. COM-30, March 1982. no. 3, pp. 480-486.
[32] A. R. K. Sastry, "Performance of hybrid error control schemes on satellite channels,"/E(?) Trans. Commun., July 1975, COM-23, pp.689-694.
[33] P. S. Yu and S. Lin, "An efficient selective-repeat ARQ scheme for satellite channels and its throughput analysis,"/E(?) Trans.Commun., March 1981, COM-29, pp. 353-363.
[34] Y-M,Wang"A Modified Selective-Repeat Type-Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ System and Its Performance Analysis "IEEE Transactions on communications, May, 1983,Vol., Com-31 ,NO.5..
[35] Kallel. S., "Analysis of a Type-Ⅱ Hybrid ARQ Scheme with Code Combining," IEEE Trans.Commun, Aug.1990,Vol.38, Issue 8, pp. 1133-1137.
[36] Kallel.S.,"Complementary Punctured Convolutional (CPC) Codes and Their Applications,"IEEE Trans.Commun., June, 1995, Vol.43, Issue 6, pp. 2005-2009.
[37] Kdshna R.Narayanan."A Novel ARQ technique using the Turbo Coding Pdciple".IEEE Communications letter.,march 1997,Vol, 1 ,NO.2.
[38] Douglas N.Rowitch."On the Performance of Hybrid FEC/ARQ System Using Rate Compatible Punctured Turbo(RCPT) Codes". IEEE Transactions on Communications, June 2000, vol.48, no.6.
[39] Abdel-Ghani A. Daraiseh, Carl W.Baum." Methods for packet combining in HARQ system over bursty channels" mobile networks and application 2(1997),pp.213-224.
[40] Hans-Jurgen Zepernick."Reliability and Throughput Analysis of ARQ Schemes in Burst Error Channnels". ISIT 1997,Ulm,Germany, June 29-July 4.
[41] Pal Frenger, Martin dottling ."Performance Comparison of HARQ with Chase Combining and Incremental Redundancy for HSDPA "IEEE 2001.
[42] Srivastava. V, and. Motani. M, "Cross-Layer Design: A Survey and the Road Ahead," IEEE Commun., Mag., Dec.2005, Vol. 43, Issue 12, pp.112-119.
[43] Mohamad Assaad, Djamal Zeghlache. "Cross-Layer Design in HSDPA System to Redunce the TCP Effect" IEEE Journal on Selected areas in communications,March 2006,vol,.24,No,3 pp:614-625.
[44] Xiaojun Lin, Ness B."The Impact of Imperfect Scheduling on Cross-Layer Congestion Control in Wireless Networks" IEEE/CM transactions on networking,vol,14,no,2,apdl 2006.p.302-315.
[45] Viterbi and J. K. Omura, Principles of Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 1979.
[46] (美) 斯托林斯 著，王海等 译 《数据与计算机通信》，电子工业出版社，2004．
[47] Joachim Hagenauer. "Rate-compatible punctured convolutional codes (RCPC codes) and their applications".,IEEE Trans. On Communications, 1988, 36(4): 389-400.
[48] 周秦英，郭旭东，徐朝军，葛晖，王新梅．”基于RCPC码的分块传输的新型HARQ系统”，电子与信息学报，2006年12月第28卷第12期．
[49] Qingchun Chen, Pingzhi Fan. "On the performance of type-Ⅲ hybrid ARQ with RCPC codes".PIMRC(IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications), Sept. 2003, Beijing, China, 2003, Vol. 2: 7-10, pp:1297 - 1301.
[50] Doufexi. A., Armour. S. and Butler. M.,"A Comparison of the HIPERLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11 a Wireless LAN Standards", IEEE Commun., Mag., May 2002, Volume 40, Issue 5, pp.172-180.