BAF强化二级出水处理效能的中试研究
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摘要
随着城市化脚步进程的加快,国家为加强对城镇污水处理厂建设和运行的管理,提高了污水排放标准,污水厂不得不在原有基础上进行升级改造。曝气生物滤池作为一种成熟的生物膜技术,在城市污水升级改造中有较好的应用前景。
本文研究了BAF工艺在污水厂二级出水中的应用。首先针对污水厂二级出水中污染物特征,筛选、驯化出10株菌进行单菌株净水效能实验,对比考察了不同菌株对污水COD及总氮的去除效果;优选出Q1、Q5、L4、ZW四株菌株进行复配试验,确定Q1与ZW按照菌量比1:1复配,作为接种菌剂投加到反应器中,用于BAF的启动。
在太平污水厂建立中试研究模型,摸索曝气生物滤池在实际应用中的运行参数。分别采用自然挂膜和人工投菌的启动方式,研究不同启动方法的启动时间及处理效果。确定采用人工投菌法,经过9天启动成功。研究了反应器沿程高度各污染物去除情况,确定滤池有效高度在1.5m-1.8m之间。通过调控不同的运行参数,探索不同的水力负荷及气水比对反应器去除效率的影响,指出在水力负荷为1.25 m3/m2·h、进水流量为22.12 L/h、停留时间为0.54h、气水比控制在10:1左右的条件下,出水处理效果最好。确定了曝气生物滤池反冲洗参数,冲洗周期18d,气洗3min,强度为8-10 L/(m2·s),气水联合冲洗3min,水洗强度为2-3 L/(m2·s),最后水漂洗5min。通过摸索能够处理二级出水的BAF反应器运行参数,为反应器的设计提供依据,为BAF工艺的工程应用提供试验依据。
生物膜是BAF的核心。本文探讨了BAF生物膜形成机理,微生物通过载体与自身的相互作用,固定在填料上,通过特殊的基质扩散方式,导致微生物分级分层现象。本文研究了BAF系统生物群落结构多样及活性,分析系统内细菌群落结构随时间的演替规律,指出投加工程菌能够与水中土著微生物共同形成优势菌群;探索了不同滤池位置处生物群落多样性变化及演替规律,为曝气生物滤池的设计及稳定高效运行提供微生物方面的依据。
Severe quality standards has been published which forced sewage treatment plants to upgrade. Biological aerated filter is a reactor having double functions,including biofilm and activated sludge,which has better application prospect in secondary treatment of urban sewage.
Treatment of secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant by biological aerated filter was discussed in this paper. Ten bacterial strains obtained from the wastewater by separating and domesticating were used to treatment wastewater experimental of Single strain; the removal efficiency of COD and total nitrogen were studied to obtain the dominant bacteria: Q1、Q5、L4、ZW which were then used in composite stabilizer test. Study result showed that the suitable start-up conditions were Q1:ZW as the percentage of 1:1.
Pilot scale text model was established in TaiPing wastewater treatment plant to grope the practical running parameters of BAF. Experiments on start-up forms demonstrated that the way of artifical adding bacteria was better tha natrual enrichment both on start-up time and on the subsequent treatment effect. The biological aerated filter was successfully started up within 9 days. The suggested conditions for wastewater treatment by BAF were: heights1.5m-1.8m, hydraulic loading1.25 m3/m2·h, water flow 22.12 L/h , HRT 0.54h,gas-water ratio10:1 under which the effect was the best. During the process, a simple and periodic backwash was used to regenerate the used BAF, with gas rate 8-10 L/(m2·s),water rate 2-3 L/(m2·s) and back washing time 11min.The capability of regenerated BAF was recovered almost completely after reprocess.
The mechanism of biofilm forming were investigated and it was found that interception and adsorption closely lined with biofilm forming. Also diversity and activity of microbial community of BAF were examined and the succession rule of indigenous microorganisms was analyzed; How microbial community structure changed along different heights were discussed. These studies have not only developed the theory of biological aerated filter in some extent, but also will provide a foundation for the application of BAF to water deep treatment.
本文研究了BAF工艺在污水厂二级出水中的应用。首先针对污水厂二级出水中污染物特征,筛选、驯化出10株菌进行单菌株净水效能实验,对比考察了不同菌株对污水COD及总氮的去除效果;优选出Q1、Q5、L4、ZW四株菌株进行复配试验,确定Q1与ZW按照菌量比1:1复配,作为接种菌剂投加到反应器中,用于BAF的启动。
在太平污水厂建立中试研究模型,摸索曝气生物滤池在实际应用中的运行参数。分别采用自然挂膜和人工投菌的启动方式,研究不同启动方法的启动时间及处理效果。确定采用人工投菌法,经过9天启动成功。研究了反应器沿程高度各污染物去除情况,确定滤池有效高度在1.5m-1.8m之间。通过调控不同的运行参数,探索不同的水力负荷及气水比对反应器去除效率的影响,指出在水力负荷为1.25 m3/m2·h、进水流量为22.12 L/h、停留时间为0.54h、气水比控制在10:1左右的条件下,出水处理效果最好。确定了曝气生物滤池反冲洗参数,冲洗周期18d,气洗3min,强度为8-10 L/(m2·s),气水联合冲洗3min,水洗强度为2-3 L/(m2·s),最后水漂洗5min。通过摸索能够处理二级出水的BAF反应器运行参数,为反应器的设计提供依据,为BAF工艺的工程应用提供试验依据。
生物膜是BAF的核心。本文探讨了BAF生物膜形成机理,微生物通过载体与自身的相互作用,固定在填料上,通过特殊的基质扩散方式,导致微生物分级分层现象。本文研究了BAF系统生物群落结构多样及活性,分析系统内细菌群落结构随时间的演替规律,指出投加工程菌能够与水中土著微生物共同形成优势菌群;探索了不同滤池位置处生物群落多样性变化及演替规律,为曝气生物滤池的设计及稳定高效运行提供微生物方面的依据。
Severe quality standards has been published which forced sewage treatment plants to upgrade. Biological aerated filter is a reactor having double functions,including biofilm and activated sludge,which has better application prospect in secondary treatment of urban sewage.
Treatment of secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant by biological aerated filter was discussed in this paper. Ten bacterial strains obtained from the wastewater by separating and domesticating were used to treatment wastewater experimental of Single strain; the removal efficiency of COD and total nitrogen were studied to obtain the dominant bacteria: Q1、Q5、L4、ZW which were then used in composite stabilizer test. Study result showed that the suitable start-up conditions were Q1:ZW as the percentage of 1:1.
Pilot scale text model was established in TaiPing wastewater treatment plant to grope the practical running parameters of BAF. Experiments on start-up forms demonstrated that the way of artifical adding bacteria was better tha natrual enrichment both on start-up time and on the subsequent treatment effect. The biological aerated filter was successfully started up within 9 days. The suggested conditions for wastewater treatment by BAF were: heights1.5m-1.8m, hydraulic loading1.25 m3/m2·h, water flow 22.12 L/h , HRT 0.54h,gas-water ratio10:1 under which the effect was the best. During the process, a simple and periodic backwash was used to regenerate the used BAF, with gas rate 8-10 L/(m2·s),water rate 2-3 L/(m2·s) and back washing time 11min.The capability of regenerated BAF was recovered almost completely after reprocess.
The mechanism of biofilm forming were investigated and it was found that interception and adsorption closely lined with biofilm forming. Also diversity and activity of microbial community of BAF were examined and the succession rule of indigenous microorganisms was analyzed; How microbial community structure changed along different heights were discussed. These studies have not only developed the theory of biological aerated filter in some extent, but also will provide a foundation for the application of BAF to water deep treatment.
引文
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3.于萍萍,张尽忠,林存刚.水资源现状分析及保护对策的研究[J].资源环境与发展.2006,2:21-27.
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6.刘灿灿,金吴云,沈耀良.上流式曝气生物滤池两种填料启动挂膜的试验研究[J].江苏环境科技,2008,21(1):61~64.
7.贾国正,张林生,张显球,等.曝气生物滤池技术的研究与应用[J].水资源保护,2006,22(4):71~74.
8.邹伟国,沈裘昌,李正明,徐立顺,王锦华,李春森. BIOSMEDI工艺在微污染原水预处理中的工程应用[J].给水排水, 2003,(10).
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