机电一体化系统方案生成及优选研究
摘要
系统方案的生成具有较高的创新层次。现行的机电一体化系统方案设计基本上是依赖于设计者的经验,并没有形成科学的设计方法,因此,如何从依赖经验的设计进化为遵循科学理论和方法的设计是产生创新方案的关键。
本文以实现工作机功能的机电一体化系统为研究对象,对机电一体化系统方案创新设计理论与方法进行了系统、深入的研究,主要就以下六个方面进行了研究:
1.构建了机电一体化系统功能结构
不同技术系统对“功能”这个术语的理解和描述在物理效应、物质/能量/信息的变换以及数据运算间的逻辑关系等方面差异很大。构建了机电一体化系统的功能结构,提出、阐述了机电一体化系统的若干基本特性和诸特性间的关系,以及机电一体化系统设计的若干原理,从而为进一步提出系统设计模型和方法奠定了基础。
2.阐述了机电一体化系统逻辑结构,提出了基于机电单元的机电一体化系统方案设计过程模型及三子系统设计方法
认为机电一体化系统本质上是现代机械系统。从功能出发可将机电一体化系统划分为控制和执行两大功能模块。机电一体化系统具有单元级和系统级逻辑结构。提出基于机电单元的机电一体化系统方案设计过程模型,以及三个子系统的设计方法。用单元化设计思想——控制功能分散和控制回路独立,来进行机电一体化系统设计,选用适当的配套部件加以实现,是快速、高效、可靠地开发机电一体化系统的有效途径。
3.提出了机电一体化系统方案生成推理进程模型及计算机辅助求解策略
基于变换功能的层次性和目的功能(效应)的多元性,建立了变换功能和目的功能(效应)特征模型,提出了针对机电一体化系统创新方案生成的功能空间拓展及推理规律。提出了一种变换功能、技术、目的功能、作用原理解循环求解的计算机辅助方案生成进程模型,在此基础上提出了适用于计算机处理的方案生成与/或树形式化表达方法,探讨了相应的求解算法。
4.提出并阐述了机电一体化系统方案优选的信息量原理
将公理设计的基本原理(尤其是信息公理)应用于机电一体化系统方案优选过程,对广泛存在于设计过程中的不确定性进行了深刻阐释。
基于机电一体化系统功能、状态的定性、定量双重属性和时变本质,提出了基于信息量的功能需求、设计参数、机电一体化率、控制效率等概念,以及机电一体化系统方案优选的一系列原理:时域参数控制原理、信息量大优先原理、最大控制效率原理,从而为有效改善机电一体化系统的性能、选择较优设计方案提供了新的思路。
5.阐释了面向对象的机电一体化系统方案表达方法
针对以往机电一体化设计文献过于强调系统物理结构和物理行为、忽视系统逻辑结构和逻辑行为的现状,本文用面向对象思想对机电一体化系统的结构、行为和原理方案解进行了阐释。
机电一体化系统的逻辑结构可以由面向对象的参考模型或基于统一建模语言(UML,Unified Modeling Language)的类图来进行表达;为了描述对象(以及系统与环境)间的接口(通讯)行为,使交互可视化,应用消息序列图(MSC, Message Sequence Charts)来表达机电一体化系统逻辑行为。在此基础上,以CD播放机为实例,应用统一建模语言和消息序列图对机电一体化系统各主要子系统/组件的原理方案解进行了全面的表达。
6.应用实例
深入研究了快速成型机(激光分层实体制造系统、熔融挤压成型系统)、激光影碟机等典型机电一体化系统的方案设计及优选,对提出及拓展的各种理论及方法进行了验证。
The generation of system scheme requires high degree of creativity. Generally speaking, existing scheme generation of mechatronic systems relies largely on designer’s empirical experience, without developing into scientific design methodology. Therefore, the key of generating creative schemes is to progress from present empiricism-based design to an approach guided by scientific theories and methodology.
This dissertation studies the mechatronic system that realizes the function of working machine, unfolds a systematic and in-depth investigation into the theory and methodology of creative scheme generation of mechatronic systems, and is composed of the following sections.
1) Constructing the function structure of mechatronic system
Diverse technology systems differ greatly in their interpretation and description of the term‘function’concerning physical effect, material/energy/information transformation, as well as logical relations in statistical arithmetic. Chapter One constructs the function structure of mechatronic system, proposes and explicates basic characteristics of mechatronic system and the relations between these characteristics, and formulates fundamental principles in mechatronic system design, so as to lay a solid foundation for further attempts to propose a design model and methodology for mechatronic systems.
2) Proposing logical structure of mechatronic system, and updating the tri-subsystem design method
A mechatronic system is essentially a mechanical system characteristic of modern technology. A mechatronic system, from the perspective of function, is divided into the two functional modules of control and execution. Moreover, the logical structure of mechatronic system is manifest as element layer and system layer.
Chapter Two proposes the model of scheme design process of mechatronic system based on mechatronic element, and updates the design method of tri-subsystem. A swift, efficient, reliable and effective approach to mechatronic system design applies the element design theory, i.e., with distributed control functions and independent control loops, to mechatronic system design, so as to realize the scheme through selectively employing appropriate components.
3) Presenting scheme generation reasoning and computer-aided solving strategy
In accordance with the layeredness of transformation function and the multi-element nature of purpose function (effect), we construct characteristics models of transformation function and purpose function (effect), and propose function space prolongation of creative scheme generation of mechatronic system as well as the reasoning trajectory. Furthermore, we present a computer-aided process model of scheme generation, in which transformation function, technology, purpose function and working principle realize circular solving. We then proceed to put forward the formal expression of‘and’/’or’tree of scheme generation to be applied to computer processing, and probe into the corresponding solving arithmetic.
4) Explicating information-content based optimality of mechatronic system scheme
Chapter Four applies the basic principles of axiom design (information axiom in particular) to the optimality process of mechatronic system scheme, and analyzes thoroughly the indeterminacies ubiquitous in the deign process. Taking into account the qualitative and quantitative attributes and the time-variable nature of the function and state of mechatronic system, we present a set of concepts, such as information-content based function, design parameter, mechatronic ratio and control efficiency. We also propose a series of principles for optimal scheme generation of mechatronic system, such as time-domain parameter control principle, maximum information optimality principle, and maximum control efficiency principle, so as to proffer a new design direction to effectively improve the performance of mechatronic systems.
5) Elucidating scheme representation of object-oriented mechatronic system
In response to the research status-quo that over-emphasizes physical structure and behavior while ignoring logical structure and behavior of the system, we apply object-based thinking to the scheme solving of structure, behavior and principle of mechatronic system.
Logical structure of mechatronic system can be expressed as object-oriented reference model or UML-based class diagram (UML, Unified Modeling Language). In order to describe the interface (communication) behavior of object (as well as system and environment) and render interaction visible, we employ MSC (Message Sequence Charts) to express the logical behavior of mechatronic system. Furthermore, we apply UML and MSC to express the principle scheme solving of mechatronic system.
6) Instantiation
We conduct a thorough investigation into the scheme design and optimality of such mechatronic systems as rapid prototyping systems (in particular, Slicing Solid Manufacturing System, and Melted Extrusion Molding System) and CD player, which serves to testify the theory and methodology proposed and developed in this dissertation.
本文以实现工作机功能的机电一体化系统为研究对象,对机电一体化系统方案创新设计理论与方法进行了系统、深入的研究,主要就以下六个方面进行了研究:
1.构建了机电一体化系统功能结构
不同技术系统对“功能”这个术语的理解和描述在物理效应、物质/能量/信息的变换以及数据运算间的逻辑关系等方面差异很大。构建了机电一体化系统的功能结构,提出、阐述了机电一体化系统的若干基本特性和诸特性间的关系,以及机电一体化系统设计的若干原理,从而为进一步提出系统设计模型和方法奠定了基础。
2.阐述了机电一体化系统逻辑结构,提出了基于机电单元的机电一体化系统方案设计过程模型及三子系统设计方法
认为机电一体化系统本质上是现代机械系统。从功能出发可将机电一体化系统划分为控制和执行两大功能模块。机电一体化系统具有单元级和系统级逻辑结构。提出基于机电单元的机电一体化系统方案设计过程模型,以及三个子系统的设计方法。用单元化设计思想——控制功能分散和控制回路独立,来进行机电一体化系统设计,选用适当的配套部件加以实现,是快速、高效、可靠地开发机电一体化系统的有效途径。
3.提出了机电一体化系统方案生成推理进程模型及计算机辅助求解策略
基于变换功能的层次性和目的功能(效应)的多元性,建立了变换功能和目的功能(效应)特征模型,提出了针对机电一体化系统创新方案生成的功能空间拓展及推理规律。提出了一种变换功能、技术、目的功能、作用原理解循环求解的计算机辅助方案生成进程模型,在此基础上提出了适用于计算机处理的方案生成与/或树形式化表达方法,探讨了相应的求解算法。
4.提出并阐述了机电一体化系统方案优选的信息量原理
将公理设计的基本原理(尤其是信息公理)应用于机电一体化系统方案优选过程,对广泛存在于设计过程中的不确定性进行了深刻阐释。
基于机电一体化系统功能、状态的定性、定量双重属性和时变本质,提出了基于信息量的功能需求、设计参数、机电一体化率、控制效率等概念,以及机电一体化系统方案优选的一系列原理:时域参数控制原理、信息量大优先原理、最大控制效率原理,从而为有效改善机电一体化系统的性能、选择较优设计方案提供了新的思路。
5.阐释了面向对象的机电一体化系统方案表达方法
针对以往机电一体化设计文献过于强调系统物理结构和物理行为、忽视系统逻辑结构和逻辑行为的现状,本文用面向对象思想对机电一体化系统的结构、行为和原理方案解进行了阐释。
机电一体化系统的逻辑结构可以由面向对象的参考模型或基于统一建模语言(UML,Unified Modeling Language)的类图来进行表达;为了描述对象(以及系统与环境)间的接口(通讯)行为,使交互可视化,应用消息序列图(MSC, Message Sequence Charts)来表达机电一体化系统逻辑行为。在此基础上,以CD播放机为实例,应用统一建模语言和消息序列图对机电一体化系统各主要子系统/组件的原理方案解进行了全面的表达。
6.应用实例
深入研究了快速成型机(激光分层实体制造系统、熔融挤压成型系统)、激光影碟机等典型机电一体化系统的方案设计及优选,对提出及拓展的各种理论及方法进行了验证。
The generation of system scheme requires high degree of creativity. Generally speaking, existing scheme generation of mechatronic systems relies largely on designer’s empirical experience, without developing into scientific design methodology. Therefore, the key of generating creative schemes is to progress from present empiricism-based design to an approach guided by scientific theories and methodology.
This dissertation studies the mechatronic system that realizes the function of working machine, unfolds a systematic and in-depth investigation into the theory and methodology of creative scheme generation of mechatronic systems, and is composed of the following sections.
1) Constructing the function structure of mechatronic system
Diverse technology systems differ greatly in their interpretation and description of the term‘function’concerning physical effect, material/energy/information transformation, as well as logical relations in statistical arithmetic. Chapter One constructs the function structure of mechatronic system, proposes and explicates basic characteristics of mechatronic system and the relations between these characteristics, and formulates fundamental principles in mechatronic system design, so as to lay a solid foundation for further attempts to propose a design model and methodology for mechatronic systems.
2) Proposing logical structure of mechatronic system, and updating the tri-subsystem design method
A mechatronic system is essentially a mechanical system characteristic of modern technology. A mechatronic system, from the perspective of function, is divided into the two functional modules of control and execution. Moreover, the logical structure of mechatronic system is manifest as element layer and system layer.
Chapter Two proposes the model of scheme design process of mechatronic system based on mechatronic element, and updates the design method of tri-subsystem. A swift, efficient, reliable and effective approach to mechatronic system design applies the element design theory, i.e., with distributed control functions and independent control loops, to mechatronic system design, so as to realize the scheme through selectively employing appropriate components.
3) Presenting scheme generation reasoning and computer-aided solving strategy
In accordance with the layeredness of transformation function and the multi-element nature of purpose function (effect), we construct characteristics models of transformation function and purpose function (effect), and propose function space prolongation of creative scheme generation of mechatronic system as well as the reasoning trajectory. Furthermore, we present a computer-aided process model of scheme generation, in which transformation function, technology, purpose function and working principle realize circular solving. We then proceed to put forward the formal expression of‘and’/’or’tree of scheme generation to be applied to computer processing, and probe into the corresponding solving arithmetic.
4) Explicating information-content based optimality of mechatronic system scheme
Chapter Four applies the basic principles of axiom design (information axiom in particular) to the optimality process of mechatronic system scheme, and analyzes thoroughly the indeterminacies ubiquitous in the deign process. Taking into account the qualitative and quantitative attributes and the time-variable nature of the function and state of mechatronic system, we present a set of concepts, such as information-content based function, design parameter, mechatronic ratio and control efficiency. We also propose a series of principles for optimal scheme generation of mechatronic system, such as time-domain parameter control principle, maximum information optimality principle, and maximum control efficiency principle, so as to proffer a new design direction to effectively improve the performance of mechatronic systems.
5) Elucidating scheme representation of object-oriented mechatronic system
In response to the research status-quo that over-emphasizes physical structure and behavior while ignoring logical structure and behavior of the system, we apply object-based thinking to the scheme solving of structure, behavior and principle of mechatronic system.
Logical structure of mechatronic system can be expressed as object-oriented reference model or UML-based class diagram (UML, Unified Modeling Language). In order to describe the interface (communication) behavior of object (as well as system and environment) and render interaction visible, we employ MSC (Message Sequence Charts) to express the logical behavior of mechatronic system. Furthermore, we apply UML and MSC to express the principle scheme solving of mechatronic system.
6) Instantiation
We conduct a thorough investigation into the scheme design and optimality of such mechatronic systems as rapid prototyping systems (in particular, Slicing Solid Manufacturing System, and Melted Extrusion Molding System) and CD player, which serves to testify the theory and methodology proposed and developed in this dissertation.
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