分层小区系统的无线资源管理关键技术研究
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摘要
分层小区系统无线资源管理技术的研究是小区无线通信系统研究的关键和热点领域。无线小区移动通信网所能获得的无线资源是有限的，要支持广泛的业务、提高业务的服务质量以及通信系统的性能有赖于对无线资源的合理利用。而且，无线资源管理技术所涉及的领域也是非常广泛的，包含了无线资源分配、呼叫接纳控制、小区层选、小区切换、负荷控制、功率控制和容量分析等领域。
论文在第二章提出了一种分层小区系统的多业务呼叫接纳控制策略，建立了由宏小区层、微小区层和皮小区层构成的多码CDMA系统分层小区模型，更符合实际情形以及未来发展趋势。多业务呼叫接纳控制策略兼顾移动性和小区信道利用率，减少了呼叫的切换频度，降低了系统的信令开销。
继之而来的第三章研究分层小区系统的一个特有问题即小区层选。该章提出了一种分层小区系统的自适应控制择层策略，利用一个自适应门限和两个辅助门限进行小区层与层之间的选择。门限的确定有赖于小区信道利用率和一个基于几何参数的移动方向可变的微小区移动模型；同时，通过利用各“历史”小区归一化逗留时间之间的相关性，对下一个小区内的归一化逗留时间进行预测。
第四章“分层小区切换技术”是论文的一个重点，包含三个部分。
第一部分提出了GSM下的双向层间切换模型以及基于呼叫业务代价函数和业务质量（QoS）的信道分配算法。研究了宽带和窄带两类业务的呼叫阻塞和切换失败性能。
第二部分提出了带“返回”机制的逻辑分层模型。该模型物理上由宏小区层和微小区层构成，逻辑上则包含宽带呼叫业务层、窄带呼叫业务层和溢出呼叫业务层。在此基础上，作者对由于层间切换带来的宽带切换呼叫QoS下降以及“返回”机制引入的系统额外负载进行了定量分析。仿真表明“返回”机制对于呼叫性能的改善是有益的。
第三部分提出了适用于CDMA系统的残余容损比（RCLR）软切换判决准则，利用最大RCLR确定呼叫软切换时的目的小区。接着，应用此判决准则研究了分层小区系统的层内软切换和层间溢出特性；并与最小路径损耗（MPOL）判决准则下的性能进行了比较，得出了RCLR准则改善了呼叫中断和溢出性能的结论。
众所周知，任何一个小区通信系统都离不开功率控制。于是，第五章通过提出改进的分布式功率控制算法（IDPC）的原型算法，再采用分布式的方法来实现这种原型算法，从而得到改进的分布式功率控制算法。本章还对不同的分布式功率控制算法做了理论分析以及仿真比较，最终得出了IDPC具有很快的收敛速度和优越的中断性能的结论。
作者顺理成章地在第六章中对CDMA系统的上行链路容量进行了分析。不同的是，通过将阴影和距离看成两个作用于传播信号的相关过程，计算了传播损耗因子的概率密度函数，从而得到上行链路干扰的统计特征，作者的分析更接近实际情形。在此基础上，作者分析了呼叫中断概率及其切诺夫上界，理论分析和仿真是吻合的。
作为作者的另一部分工作，尽管与前面的内容不尽一致，但作者还是决定将它作为论文的一部分写出来，以供有兴趣的研究人员参考。第七章“一种适用于非城市区域的卫星移动信道统计模型”提出了一种适用于非城市区域的卫星移动信道统计模型—莱斯-K模型，采用K-分布描述由于遮蔽引起的接收信号包络的缓慢变化，莱斯分布描述包含直视信号分量在内的多径快衰落，得到了接收信号包络的概率分布和误比特率。此外，作者利用矩方法对莱斯- K模型参数进行了估计，并在微扰法的基础上评价了模型统计参数估计性能。最后，利用实测数据对模型进行了验证，取得了良好的结论。
作者论文中阐述的内容不仅仅针对第三代无线移动通信系统，其中也包含第二代无线移动通信系统的部分内容，更多的内容具有普遍的应用参考价值，可以延伸到未来的无线移动通信系统中去。
As a key technology, the wireless spectral resource management of hierarchical cellular systems (HCSs) has been a hot spot area and many researches centering on it have been done. Wide service supports and high Quality of Service (QoS) depend on the efficient allocation and utilization of spectrum resource due to limited affordable spectral resources. Furthermore, the technology of wireless spectral resource management includes many sub-areas such as allocation of spectrum, wireless admission control strategy, layer-selection of HCSs, handoff technology, load balancing, power control and capacity analysis and so on.
In chapter 2, such three layers as macro-cell layer, micro-cell layer and picro-cell layer construct a cellular model of a multi-code CDMA-based HCS, which synthesizes the two types of HCS structures and is more fit to the real conditions. On this basis, with channel utilities and mobility characteristics considered, a novel multi-services call admission control strategy is submitted. It is validated to be superior to the fixed threshold call admission control strategy commonly used and decreases the signaling loads and the handoff frequency.
An adaptive layer-selection strategy of HCSs will be discussed in chapter 3, in which an adaptive threshold derived from channel utility and two auxiliary thresholds from the micro-cell mobility model based on geometric parameters are introduced. Meanwhile, we estimate the normalized cell dwell time of a mobile unit in the forth-coming cell by means of the correlative between the normalized cell dwell times in this cell and the other past cells. This method developed ways of estimating the cell dwell time of a mobile unit.
Chapter 4 describes the handoff technology of HCSs and is divided into three parts.
The first part concerns about the handoffs in TDMA/FDMA-base
communication systems. In this part, we study a bi-directional inter-layer handoff strategy in which wide- and narrow- band services are mapped into different cellular layers. Moreover, a channel allocation algorithm based on cost function and QoS are submitted.
The second part presents both a logically layered model based on hierarchical cells and its modified model with "repacking" mechanism permitted. Three logical layers are mapped into two physical layers constructing a HCS. The performance of new calls and handoff calls are analyzed. The QoS degradation of wide-band handoff calls due to inter-layer handoffs between cellular layers and the extra system overloads from the "repacking" mechanism are presented in details respectively.
In the third part, we define a new concept of residual capacity-to-loss ratio (RCLR). Based on it, a novel soft handoff criterion (RCLR criterion) of CDMA wireless cellular systems is presented. Compared to minimum path of loss (MPOL) criterion commonly used in systems, RCLR criterion considers not only POL of calls but also load balances in cells. Furthermore, RCLR criterion is applied in a hierarchical cellular structure and performances of the intra-layer soft handoff and inter-layer overflow are studied under both criterions respectively. Finally, a comprehensive conclusion that RCLR criterion reduces both the outage and overflow probability and it shows a better performance compared to MPOL criterion.
Obviously, any cellular communication system cannot work without a certain power control procedure. Thus, in chapter 5 we firstly propose the prototype algorithm of an improved distributed power control (IDPC). In this algorithm, the mobile units adjust their transmitter powers according to not only their power levels at last iterative step but also the largest eigenvalue and the second smallest one of the link gain matrix at current time instant. As for this prototype algorithm, link gains for all mobile units must be measured and large burden may be brought in at base stations.
Therefore, we developed the prototype algorithm further in a distributed way and lead to the IDPC algorithm. Besides, in IDPC both the
论文在第二章提出了一种分层小区系统的多业务呼叫接纳控制策略，建立了由宏小区层、微小区层和皮小区层构成的多码CDMA系统分层小区模型，更符合实际情形以及未来发展趋势。多业务呼叫接纳控制策略兼顾移动性和小区信道利用率，减少了呼叫的切换频度，降低了系统的信令开销。
继之而来的第三章研究分层小区系统的一个特有问题即小区层选。该章提出了一种分层小区系统的自适应控制择层策略，利用一个自适应门限和两个辅助门限进行小区层与层之间的选择。门限的确定有赖于小区信道利用率和一个基于几何参数的移动方向可变的微小区移动模型；同时，通过利用各“历史”小区归一化逗留时间之间的相关性，对下一个小区内的归一化逗留时间进行预测。
第四章“分层小区切换技术”是论文的一个重点，包含三个部分。
第一部分提出了GSM下的双向层间切换模型以及基于呼叫业务代价函数和业务质量（QoS）的信道分配算法。研究了宽带和窄带两类业务的呼叫阻塞和切换失败性能。
第二部分提出了带“返回”机制的逻辑分层模型。该模型物理上由宏小区层和微小区层构成，逻辑上则包含宽带呼叫业务层、窄带呼叫业务层和溢出呼叫业务层。在此基础上，作者对由于层间切换带来的宽带切换呼叫QoS下降以及“返回”机制引入的系统额外负载进行了定量分析。仿真表明“返回”机制对于呼叫性能的改善是有益的。
第三部分提出了适用于CDMA系统的残余容损比（RCLR）软切换判决准则，利用最大RCLR确定呼叫软切换时的目的小区。接着，应用此判决准则研究了分层小区系统的层内软切换和层间溢出特性；并与最小路径损耗（MPOL）判决准则下的性能进行了比较，得出了RCLR准则改善了呼叫中断和溢出性能的结论。
众所周知，任何一个小区通信系统都离不开功率控制。于是，第五章通过提出改进的分布式功率控制算法（IDPC）的原型算法，再采用分布式的方法来实现这种原型算法，从而得到改进的分布式功率控制算法。本章还对不同的分布式功率控制算法做了理论分析以及仿真比较，最终得出了IDPC具有很快的收敛速度和优越的中断性能的结论。
作者顺理成章地在第六章中对CDMA系统的上行链路容量进行了分析。不同的是，通过将阴影和距离看成两个作用于传播信号的相关过程，计算了传播损耗因子的概率密度函数，从而得到上行链路干扰的统计特征，作者的分析更接近实际情形。在此基础上，作者分析了呼叫中断概率及其切诺夫上界，理论分析和仿真是吻合的。
作为作者的另一部分工作，尽管与前面的内容不尽一致，但作者还是决定将它作为论文的一部分写出来，以供有兴趣的研究人员参考。第七章“一种适用于非城市区域的卫星移动信道统计模型”提出了一种适用于非城市区域的卫星移动信道统计模型—莱斯-K模型，采用K-分布描述由于遮蔽引起的接收信号包络的缓慢变化，莱斯分布描述包含直视信号分量在内的多径快衰落，得到了接收信号包络的概率分布和误比特率。此外，作者利用矩方法对莱斯- K模型参数进行了估计，并在微扰法的基础上评价了模型统计参数估计性能。最后，利用实测数据对模型进行了验证，取得了良好的结论。
作者论文中阐述的内容不仅仅针对第三代无线移动通信系统，其中也包含第二代无线移动通信系统的部分内容，更多的内容具有普遍的应用参考价值，可以延伸到未来的无线移动通信系统中去。
As a key technology, the wireless spectral resource management of hierarchical cellular systems (HCSs) has been a hot spot area and many researches centering on it have been done. Wide service supports and high Quality of Service (QoS) depend on the efficient allocation and utilization of spectrum resource due to limited affordable spectral resources. Furthermore, the technology of wireless spectral resource management includes many sub-areas such as allocation of spectrum, wireless admission control strategy, layer-selection of HCSs, handoff technology, load balancing, power control and capacity analysis and so on.
In chapter 2, such three layers as macro-cell layer, micro-cell layer and picro-cell layer construct a cellular model of a multi-code CDMA-based HCS, which synthesizes the two types of HCS structures and is more fit to the real conditions. On this basis, with channel utilities and mobility characteristics considered, a novel multi-services call admission control strategy is submitted. It is validated to be superior to the fixed threshold call admission control strategy commonly used and decreases the signaling loads and the handoff frequency.
An adaptive layer-selection strategy of HCSs will be discussed in chapter 3, in which an adaptive threshold derived from channel utility and two auxiliary thresholds from the micro-cell mobility model based on geometric parameters are introduced. Meanwhile, we estimate the normalized cell dwell time of a mobile unit in the forth-coming cell by means of the correlative between the normalized cell dwell times in this cell and the other past cells. This method developed ways of estimating the cell dwell time of a mobile unit.
Chapter 4 describes the handoff technology of HCSs and is divided into three parts.
The first part concerns about the handoffs in TDMA/FDMA-base
communication systems. In this part, we study a bi-directional inter-layer handoff strategy in which wide- and narrow- band services are mapped into different cellular layers. Moreover, a channel allocation algorithm based on cost function and QoS are submitted.
The second part presents both a logically layered model based on hierarchical cells and its modified model with "repacking" mechanism permitted. Three logical layers are mapped into two physical layers constructing a HCS. The performance of new calls and handoff calls are analyzed. The QoS degradation of wide-band handoff calls due to inter-layer handoffs between cellular layers and the extra system overloads from the "repacking" mechanism are presented in details respectively.
In the third part, we define a new concept of residual capacity-to-loss ratio (RCLR). Based on it, a novel soft handoff criterion (RCLR criterion) of CDMA wireless cellular systems is presented. Compared to minimum path of loss (MPOL) criterion commonly used in systems, RCLR criterion considers not only POL of calls but also load balances in cells. Furthermore, RCLR criterion is applied in a hierarchical cellular structure and performances of the intra-layer soft handoff and inter-layer overflow are studied under both criterions respectively. Finally, a comprehensive conclusion that RCLR criterion reduces both the outage and overflow probability and it shows a better performance compared to MPOL criterion.
Obviously, any cellular communication system cannot work without a certain power control procedure. Thus, in chapter 5 we firstly propose the prototype algorithm of an improved distributed power control (IDPC). In this algorithm, the mobile units adjust their transmitter powers according to not only their power levels at last iterative step but also the largest eigenvalue and the second smallest one of the link gain matrix at current time instant. As for this prototype algorithm, link gains for all mobile units must be measured and large burden may be brought in at base stations.
Therefore, we developed the prototype algorithm further in a distributed way and lead to the IDPC algorithm. Besides, in IDPC both the
引文
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