天然气汽车加气站优化选址方法研究
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摘要
近年来，随着人们对经济、能源和环境问题的重视，加快了天然气汽车技术的发展，压缩天然气汽车(简称为CNG汽车)广泛用于城市交通。在我国一些城市，公交车、出租车和环卫汽车已全部改为CNG汽车。与此同时，为满足CNG汽车加气的需要，大量的加气站建设了起来。
随着加气站数量的增加，现行的主要考虑安全和市场的布局选址方法的缺点就显露出来，造成加气网络结构单一，整体效益不高，增加了城市交通压力。加气站的布局选址不再是单个交通设施的问题，全面、综合的优化布局选址研究已提到日程上来。如何科学优化地布局选址，对于加气站的规划管理者和设计者来说，都是急于要解决的问题。
本论文尝试结合我国国情和CNG技术的发展现状，吸收相关技术的成果，从有利于城市交通网的角度出发，深入地分析了影响城市加气站选址的因素，提出以科学、系统和综合的观点，定性分析与定量计算相结合的方法来优化选址。本论文主要进行了以下方面的研究：
(1)基于CNG汽车及加气站安全技术的不断发展，在深入分析加气站布局选址因素与原则的基础上，提出以满足供需平衡并有利于城市交通获取整体经济效益为目的兼顾安全要求的布局选址方法。
(2)研究了用户加气行为，探索了用户的增长规律，阐述了用回归模型和GM(1，1)模型来描述其发展趋势。按照选址方法的思路，提出发展多种形式的加气站，进行层次布局，丰富服务网络结构，方便用户加气。
(3)为满足供需平衡的要求，城市加气站总体发展规模显然不能根据需求量简单加减而定。基于分层布局的思想，定量化加气站规模与数量的约束条件，建立了城市CNG加气站分配模型。
(4)根据用户分布和交通网的形态，通过划分合理的服务小区，将城市加气站发展总量分配到交通网上，利用重心法，Delphi法等方法，确定出具体的加气站备选站址方案。
(5)根据本研究的总体出发点——以有利于城市交通为目的，提高加气站及用户系统的整体效益，探索对加气站备选方案进行评价的方法，并建立了评价指标和计算模式。
(6)结合成都市CNG汽车加气站发展的形状，运用本论文方法进行了优化分析，得出的结论可供有关部门进行CNG汽车加气站选址决策时参考。
总之，本论文在如何进行天然气加气站优化布局选址方面做了一些研究，为加气站规划管理和设计选址提供了一套优化方法。
In the last few years,as people pay great attention to economy,enegy and environment,and as the technology of NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) is developed rapidly,CNGV (Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle) is widely used in city' s traffic. In some cities of China,all of bus,taxi and the vehicle for cleaning are changed to use CNG as fuel. Meanwhile;the large numbers of CNGV stations have been builded to meet the needs of CNGV.
As the number of the CNGV station is increasing,the weak point of the method by which designers choose the site of the CNGV station only according to the factors of safe and market appears. It makes the structure of the station network flat,its economic efficiency low and the load of the traffic system of the city heavy. So the location of CNGV stations is not a problem of a simple traffic facility,but it is time to explore the overall,multipurpose and optimum approach to solve the problem. How to select the station site by scientific and optimum way is the eager problem to administrators and designers of the CNGV stations.
This thesis tries to combine China' s own conditions with the development of the CNGV technology. Through drawing lessons from the excellent fruits of the technology of the CNGV and viewing the problem from the angle in favor of the traffic system in the city,the thesis analyzes the various sorts of factors which act on selecting the station site and puts forwards the point view that the CNGV station site must be selected by combining qualitatively analyzing with quantificational calculating the factors and by the scientific and optimum way. This thesis studies in the following aspects:
(1) Basing on the development of safe technology of the CNGV and station and on the careful analyses to the factors and principles,the thesis explores the optimum way to select the CNGV station site,which requires that designers first think balancing the supply and custom
and gaining the high economic efficiency in the traffic system of the city to select the site,then consider The site to be suit to the safe standards.
(2) This thesis researches the customs behavior during refueling and explores their growing models and analyzes the regression model and GM(1,1) to explain them. According to this paper thought,the thesis suggests that the CNGV station network of a city is made up of the several types station and the stations are allocated by the different layer for the convenience of customs.
(3) To meet the require of balancing the supply and custom,all scale of the CNGV station in the city cannot be decided simply according to the number of customs through adding or taking away a station. Basing on the thought multi-layer location,the thesis quantifies the condition of restraining the scale and number of the station and builds up the model of distributing the CNGV station scale in the city.
(4)According to custom' s layout and the state of traffic network in a city,the thesis divides whole city into the reasonable districts and allocates the calculated number and scale of station to the traffic network. Using the centre model or Delphi model,the paper deduces the layout of the CNGV station network.
(5) Based on the whole aim of this research-selecting the site to benefit the use of the city traffic system,improve whole profits of the station and customs ,the thesis explores the method of evaluating the selected site and brings up the evaluating targets and the calculating model for optimizing the CNGV station site.
(6) Combining the situation of Changdus CNGV station network,the thesis optimizes the station sites by this way . While deciding the CNGV station site,designers can refer to these results.
In a word,this thesis has carried out a few researches about selecting the site of CNGV station and provided an optimum method for planning and designing the CNGV station.
随着加气站数量的增加，现行的主要考虑安全和市场的布局选址方法的缺点就显露出来，造成加气网络结构单一，整体效益不高，增加了城市交通压力。加气站的布局选址不再是单个交通设施的问题，全面、综合的优化布局选址研究已提到日程上来。如何科学优化地布局选址，对于加气站的规划管理者和设计者来说，都是急于要解决的问题。
本论文尝试结合我国国情和CNG技术的发展现状，吸收相关技术的成果，从有利于城市交通网的角度出发，深入地分析了影响城市加气站选址的因素，提出以科学、系统和综合的观点，定性分析与定量计算相结合的方法来优化选址。本论文主要进行了以下方面的研究：
(1)基于CNG汽车及加气站安全技术的不断发展，在深入分析加气站布局选址因素与原则的基础上，提出以满足供需平衡并有利于城市交通获取整体经济效益为目的兼顾安全要求的布局选址方法。
(2)研究了用户加气行为，探索了用户的增长规律，阐述了用回归模型和GM(1，1)模型来描述其发展趋势。按照选址方法的思路，提出发展多种形式的加气站，进行层次布局，丰富服务网络结构，方便用户加气。
(3)为满足供需平衡的要求，城市加气站总体发展规模显然不能根据需求量简单加减而定。基于分层布局的思想，定量化加气站规模与数量的约束条件，建立了城市CNG加气站分配模型。
(4)根据用户分布和交通网的形态，通过划分合理的服务小区，将城市加气站发展总量分配到交通网上，利用重心法，Delphi法等方法，确定出具体的加气站备选站址方案。
(5)根据本研究的总体出发点——以有利于城市交通为目的，提高加气站及用户系统的整体效益，探索对加气站备选方案进行评价的方法，并建立了评价指标和计算模式。
(6)结合成都市CNG汽车加气站发展的形状，运用本论文方法进行了优化分析，得出的结论可供有关部门进行CNG汽车加气站选址决策时参考。
总之，本论文在如何进行天然气加气站优化布局选址方面做了一些研究，为加气站规划管理和设计选址提供了一套优化方法。
In the last few years,as people pay great attention to economy,enegy and environment,and as the technology of NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) is developed rapidly,CNGV (Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle) is widely used in city' s traffic. In some cities of China,all of bus,taxi and the vehicle for cleaning are changed to use CNG as fuel. Meanwhile;the large numbers of CNGV stations have been builded to meet the needs of CNGV.
As the number of the CNGV station is increasing,the weak point of the method by which designers choose the site of the CNGV station only according to the factors of safe and market appears. It makes the structure of the station network flat,its economic efficiency low and the load of the traffic system of the city heavy. So the location of CNGV stations is not a problem of a simple traffic facility,but it is time to explore the overall,multipurpose and optimum approach to solve the problem. How to select the station site by scientific and optimum way is the eager problem to administrators and designers of the CNGV stations.
This thesis tries to combine China' s own conditions with the development of the CNGV technology. Through drawing lessons from the excellent fruits of the technology of the CNGV and viewing the problem from the angle in favor of the traffic system in the city,the thesis analyzes the various sorts of factors which act on selecting the station site and puts forwards the point view that the CNGV station site must be selected by combining qualitatively analyzing with quantificational calculating the factors and by the scientific and optimum way. This thesis studies in the following aspects:
(1) Basing on the development of safe technology of the CNGV and station and on the careful analyses to the factors and principles,the thesis explores the optimum way to select the CNGV station site,which requires that designers first think balancing the supply and custom
and gaining the high economic efficiency in the traffic system of the city to select the site,then consider The site to be suit to the safe standards.
(2) This thesis researches the customs behavior during refueling and explores their growing models and analyzes the regression model and GM(1,1) to explain them. According to this paper thought,the thesis suggests that the CNGV station network of a city is made up of the several types station and the stations are allocated by the different layer for the convenience of customs.
(3) To meet the require of balancing the supply and custom,all scale of the CNGV station in the city cannot be decided simply according to the number of customs through adding or taking away a station. Basing on the thought multi-layer location,the thesis quantifies the condition of restraining the scale and number of the station and builds up the model of distributing the CNGV station scale in the city.
(4)According to custom' s layout and the state of traffic network in a city,the thesis divides whole city into the reasonable districts and allocates the calculated number and scale of station to the traffic network. Using the centre model or Delphi model,the paper deduces the layout of the CNGV station network.
(5) Based on the whole aim of this research-selecting the site to benefit the use of the city traffic system,improve whole profits of the station and customs ,the thesis explores the method of evaluating the selected site and brings up the evaluating targets and the calculating model for optimizing the CNGV station site.
(6) Combining the situation of Changdus CNGV station network,the thesis optimizes the station sites by this way . While deciding the CNGV station site,designers can refer to these results.
In a word,this thesis has carried out a few researches about selecting the site of CNGV station and provided an optimum method for planning and designing the CNGV station.
引文
[1] 冯幸福等，燃气汽车及加气站技术，北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[2] 朱以庄等，四川省天然气汽车产业化发展研究，四川省汽车工程学会论文集，1999
[3] 黄海波，燃气汽车结构原理与维修，北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[4] 朱清澄等，坚持科技进步促进四川天然气汽车产业化发展，四川省汽车工程学会论文集，2001
[5] 高延龄，汽车运输企业设计，北京：人民交通出版社，1991
[6] 石宝珩等，国外天然气汽车发展现状，考察报告汇编，1997
[7] 汽车用燃气加气站技术规范，GJJ 84-2000
[8] 邓志伟，搞好清洁汽车行动示范工程，加快发展天然气汽车产业，中国天然气汽车，2000(6)
[9] 陈声洪，上海城市交通分析和预测，上海，上海科学出版社，1998
[10] 邓聚龙，灰色系统基本方法，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1987
[11] 李学伟等，经济数据分析预测学，北京：中国铁道出版社，1998
[12] 刘强，北京天然气加气站发展状况及天然气加气母站建设和经营管理，四川省汽车工程学会2002年论文集，2002
[13] 英特麦克有限公司(新西兰)，大型天然气汽车加气站的经济回报，1996
[14] 张国伍，交通运输系统分析应用案例集，成都：西南交通大学出版社
[15] 王炜，城市道路交通规划理论，博士论文，1989
[16] 杭廷梁，优化方法在运输管理中的应用，北京：煤炭工业出版社，1988
[17] 宋年秀等，汽车修理网点优化设计，北京：公路交通科技，1999(1)
[18] 胡运权，运筹学教程，北京：清化大学出版社，1998
[19] 毛保华等，交通规划模型及应用，北京：中国铁道出版社，1999
[20] 隽志才，公路运输技术经济学，北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[21] 刘耀林等，城市环境分析，武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1999
[22] 黄海波等，利用灰色系统理论预测燃气汽车加气站社会需求量，全国天然气汽车加气站技术研讨会论文集，2002(3)
[23] 李作敏，交通工程，北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[24] 王炜，道路交通工程系统分析方法，南京：东南大学出版社，1990
[25] 陆化普等，交通规划理论与方法，北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[26] 刘舒燕，交通运输系统工程，北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[27] 郭学书，交通优化工程，北京：中国物资出版社，1995
[28] 徐吉万等，城市交通的计算机控制和管理，北京：测绘出版社，1988
[29] 王炜等，城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术，北京：科学出版社，2002
[30] Dicescre F,A system analysis approach to urban rapid transit guideway location, Carnegie Mellon University, 1970
[31] S.C. Wang,C.O.Tong,Wilkie C.H,lam,and Rayson Y.C.Jung Development of Parking Demand Models in Hong Kong,Urban Planning and Development,June2000,(2)
[32] William H.K.lam,Nicholas M.Holyoak, and H.Plo,How Park-and-Ride Schemes Can Be Succssful in Easten Asia,. Urban Planning and Development,June2001,(2)
[33] 崔心存，不同类型加气站的要求及技术参数，中国天然气汽车，2000．6
[34] 崔心存，不同类型加气站的要求及技术参数，中国天然气汽车，2001．1
[35] 邹利，国内天然气汽车发展状况，汽车研究与开发 1999．4
[36] 袁虹等，综合交通枢纽布局规划模型与方法研究，公路交通科技，2001，
[2] 朱以庄等，四川省天然气汽车产业化发展研究，四川省汽车工程学会论文集，1999
[3] 黄海波，燃气汽车结构原理与维修，北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[4] 朱清澄等，坚持科技进步促进四川天然气汽车产业化发展，四川省汽车工程学会论文集，2001
[5] 高延龄，汽车运输企业设计，北京：人民交通出版社，1991
[6] 石宝珩等，国外天然气汽车发展现状，考察报告汇编，1997
[7] 汽车用燃气加气站技术规范，GJJ 84-2000
[8] 邓志伟，搞好清洁汽车行动示范工程，加快发展天然气汽车产业，中国天然气汽车，2000(6)
[9] 陈声洪，上海城市交通分析和预测，上海，上海科学出版社，1998
[10] 邓聚龙，灰色系统基本方法，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1987
[11] 李学伟等，经济数据分析预测学，北京：中国铁道出版社，1998
[12] 刘强，北京天然气加气站发展状况及天然气加气母站建设和经营管理，四川省汽车工程学会2002年论文集，2002
[13] 英特麦克有限公司(新西兰)，大型天然气汽车加气站的经济回报，1996
[14] 张国伍，交通运输系统分析应用案例集，成都：西南交通大学出版社
[15] 王炜，城市道路交通规划理论，博士论文，1989
[16] 杭廷梁，优化方法在运输管理中的应用，北京：煤炭工业出版社，1988
[17] 宋年秀等，汽车修理网点优化设计，北京：公路交通科技，1999(1)
[18] 胡运权，运筹学教程，北京：清化大学出版社，1998
[19] 毛保华等，交通规划模型及应用，北京：中国铁道出版社，1999
[20] 隽志才，公路运输技术经济学，北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[21] 刘耀林等，城市环境分析，武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1999
[22] 黄海波等，利用灰色系统理论预测燃气汽车加气站社会需求量，全国天然气汽车加气站技术研讨会论文集，2002(3)
[23] 李作敏，交通工程，北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[24] 王炜，道路交通工程系统分析方法，南京：东南大学出版社，1990
[25] 陆化普等，交通规划理论与方法，北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[26] 刘舒燕，交通运输系统工程，北京：人民交通出版社，1998
[27] 郭学书，交通优化工程，北京：中国物资出版社，1995
[28] 徐吉万等，城市交通的计算机控制和管理，北京：测绘出版社，1988
[29] 王炜等，城市公共交通系统规划方法与管理技术，北京：科学出版社，2002
[30] Dicescre F,A system analysis approach to urban rapid transit guideway location, Carnegie Mellon University, 1970
[31] S.C. Wang,C.O.Tong,Wilkie C.H,lam,and Rayson Y.C.Jung Development of Parking Demand Models in Hong Kong,Urban Planning and Development,June2000,(2)
[32] William H.K.lam,Nicholas M.Holyoak, and H.Plo,How Park-and-Ride Schemes Can Be Succssful in Easten Asia,. Urban Planning and Development,June2001,(2)
[33] 崔心存，不同类型加气站的要求及技术参数，中国天然气汽车，2000．6
[34] 崔心存，不同类型加气站的要求及技术参数，中国天然气汽车，2001．1
[35] 邹利，国内天然气汽车发展状况，汽车研究与开发 1999．4
[36] 袁虹等，综合交通枢纽布局规划模型与方法研究，公路交通科技，2001，