被动源电磁数据采集系统的设计与开发
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摘要
目前被动源电磁法已成为深部地球物理勘探的重要手段,在油气田勘测和地热等方面得到广泛应用。但国内相关仪器几乎全部依赖进口,成本极高,所以为自行研制一套被动源电磁法仪器,本文对被动源电磁数据采集系统进行了研究。
本文在研究被动源电磁法采集原理的基础上,结合我国电磁法勘探的特点,提出了满足电磁采集要求的系统软硬件设计方案。选用DSP+ARM的双核系统结构,来分别完成实时抽取滤波运算和对系统的主控制,提高了系统整体的稳定性和工作效率。并从模拟信号采集通道设计、系统控制处理模块与功能辅助模块实现、多级抽取结构算法研究等方面对被动源电磁采集系统进行了重点研究。针对电磁采集易受到工频干扰的问题,设计了基于UAF42的两级陷波电路。对于低频段电磁场频率范围宽、信号微弱的特点,采用大动态范围、高精度的24位△-∑调制器CS5321来实现模数转换。并基于DSP56309的硬件结构,对电磁采集中用到的多级抽取滤波结构算法进行了研究,提出了符合电磁采集要求的多级抽取滤波的实现方案。
系统的联机测试结果表明,本文所开发的电磁采集系统性能稳定,15Hz抽样率数据的短路输入噪音很小,在低频电磁采集方面具有一定的实用价值。
Passive source electromagnetic method has become the main way of the geophysical technology in deep exploration for now, and it was generally used in oil gas survey, geothermal and so on. However, almost all of the electromagnetic instruments used at home were imported from the abroad and cost high. Therefor this paper research on the Passive source electromagnetic data acquisition system to study and develop an electromagnetic acquisition instrument.
On the basis of passive source electromagnetic method data acquisition principle and combined with the electromagnetic exploration actual conditions in our country, this paper give a soft hardware design system plan which can meet the electromagnetic acquisition requirements. Use the DSP+ARM dual-core system architecture to accomplish mass realtime calculation and the system master control separately, and enhance the system stability and efficiency. This paper emphasis on research of passive source electromagnetic data acquisition system in the aspects of analog signal acquisition channel design, system control process module and auxiliary function module realization, and the multi-stage decimation filter architecture algorism research. Aim at the problem that the electromagnetic acquisition are liable to the interference on the specific frequency, this paper use the universal active filter chip UAF42 to compose two-step notch filter circuit. For the low frequency section of electromagnetic field has weak signal and wide frequency band, use high resolution and large dynamic range 24-bit△-∑modulator CS5321 to realize the analog digital conversion. On the basic of the hardware architecture of DSP56309, this paper emphasis on the research of the multi-stage decimation filter architecture algorism which used in electromagnetic acquisition and give an implement method.
The experiment results show that the passive source electromagnetic data acquisition system has steady state performance and very low short circuit input noise in the 15Hz sample rate data aspect, so it has the practical value in some manner.
本文在研究被动源电磁法采集原理的基础上,结合我国电磁法勘探的特点,提出了满足电磁采集要求的系统软硬件设计方案。选用DSP+ARM的双核系统结构,来分别完成实时抽取滤波运算和对系统的主控制,提高了系统整体的稳定性和工作效率。并从模拟信号采集通道设计、系统控制处理模块与功能辅助模块实现、多级抽取结构算法研究等方面对被动源电磁采集系统进行了重点研究。针对电磁采集易受到工频干扰的问题,设计了基于UAF42的两级陷波电路。对于低频段电磁场频率范围宽、信号微弱的特点,采用大动态范围、高精度的24位△-∑调制器CS5321来实现模数转换。并基于DSP56309的硬件结构,对电磁采集中用到的多级抽取滤波结构算法进行了研究,提出了符合电磁采集要求的多级抽取滤波的实现方案。
系统的联机测试结果表明,本文所开发的电磁采集系统性能稳定,15Hz抽样率数据的短路输入噪音很小,在低频电磁采集方面具有一定的实用价值。
Passive source electromagnetic method has become the main way of the geophysical technology in deep exploration for now, and it was generally used in oil gas survey, geothermal and so on. However, almost all of the electromagnetic instruments used at home were imported from the abroad and cost high. Therefor this paper research on the Passive source electromagnetic data acquisition system to study and develop an electromagnetic acquisition instrument.
On the basis of passive source electromagnetic method data acquisition principle and combined with the electromagnetic exploration actual conditions in our country, this paper give a soft hardware design system plan which can meet the electromagnetic acquisition requirements. Use the DSP+ARM dual-core system architecture to accomplish mass realtime calculation and the system master control separately, and enhance the system stability and efficiency. This paper emphasis on research of passive source electromagnetic data acquisition system in the aspects of analog signal acquisition channel design, system control process module and auxiliary function module realization, and the multi-stage decimation filter architecture algorism research. Aim at the problem that the electromagnetic acquisition are liable to the interference on the specific frequency, this paper use the universal active filter chip UAF42 to compose two-step notch filter circuit. For the low frequency section of electromagnetic field has weak signal and wide frequency band, use high resolution and large dynamic range 24-bit△-∑modulator CS5321 to realize the analog digital conversion. On the basic of the hardware architecture of DSP56309, this paper emphasis on the research of the multi-stage decimation filter architecture algorism which used in electromagnetic acquisition and give an implement method.
The experiment results show that the passive source electromagnetic data acquisition system has steady state performance and very low short circuit input noise in the 15Hz sample rate data aspect, so it has the practical value in some manner.
引文
[1]张秀成.大地电磁测深测量及仪器[M].北京:地质出版社,1989.1-2
[2]李金铭.电法勘探方法发展概况[J].物探与化探,1996,20(4):249-258
[3]易碧金,穆群英.当前地震勘探仪器的应用技术分析[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):837-846
[4]张赛珍,王庆乙,罗延钟.中国电法勘探发展概况[J].地球物理学报,1994,37:408-423
[5]陆其鹄,孙进忠.发展技术,增强基础--地球物理仪器国际化与地球物理技术在工程上的应用研讨会综述[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):726-729
[6]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器的研制和产业化评述[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):209-216
[7]吕涛.基于LabVIEW的混场源电磁法接收机的设计及实现[D].长春:吉林大学,2002
[8]程德福,王君,李秀平,等.混场源电磁法仪器研制进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):778-781
[9]刘国栋.电磁法及电法仪器的新进展和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39:46-51
[10]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276-281
[11]林品荣,赵子言.分布式被动源电磁法系统及其应用[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):138-142
[12]王忠,黄跃,林君,等.高速、大动态范围瞬变电磁接收机的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(4):416-419
[13]刘红涛,杨秀瑛,于昌明,等.用VLF、EH4和CSAMT方法寻找隐伏矿[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):276-285
[14]柳建新,胡厚继.综合物探方法在深部接替资源勘探中的应用[J].地址与勘探,2006,42(4):71-74
[15]孙淑琴,林君,张秉仁,等.伪随机序列发生器的研究与实现[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2004,22(3):185-188
[16]白宜诚,左桓,崔燕丽.WDD型伪随机多功能电法发送机研制[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):536-539
[17]陈儒军,罗维炳,等.WDD-2伪随机多频电法接收机[J].石油仪器,2003,12: 8-12
[18]赵志诚.DSP技术的发展与应用[J].仪表技术与传感器,1999,1:1-2
[19]李艳华.面向仪表的嵌入式DSP硬件平台的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004
[20]陈乐寿,刘任,王天生.大地电磁测深资料处理与解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.15-17
[21]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.368-369
[22]Texas Instruments Incorporated.UNIVERSAL ACTIVE FILTER UAF42[EB].2003
[23]Texas Instruments Incorporated.FILTER DESIGN PROGRAM FOR THE UAF42UNIVERSAL ACTIVE FILTER[EB].2000
[24]席德勋.现代电子技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.131-188
[25]蔡跃明,沈永朝,吴伯修.过取样∑-△转换技术[J].电子科学学刊,1995,17(5):512-523
[26]刘益成,罗维炳.信号处理与过抽样转换器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1997.83-85
[27]CIRRUS LOGIC.24-bit Variable Bandwidth A/D Converter Chipset CS5321/22[EB].1999
[28]邓明,邓靖武,魏文博,等.四阶ΔΣ过抽样电路原理及其在微弱地学信号检测中的应用[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):417-421
[29]CIRRUS LOGIC.Low-Power High-Performance Δ Σ Modulators CS5371/72[EB].2001
[30]CIRRUS LOGIC.Low Power Multi-Channel Decimation Filter CS5376[EB].2001
[31]XILINX COMPANY.XC5200 Series Field Programmable Gate Arrays[EB].1998
[32]潘松,黄继业.EDA技术与VHDL[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.62-68
[33]杨振宇,高峰,刘志言,等.强震观测系统中数字抽取滤波器的实现研究[J].传感器技术,2005,24(8):28-33
[34]邓精武,邓明,魏文博,等.抽取滤波在海底大地电磁探测中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2004,34(2):271-276
[35]Freescale Semiconductor.DSP56309 USER'S MANUAL[EB].2005
[36]牛晔,周浩敏.Motorola DSP及其开发[J].世界电子元器件,2004,4:50-53
[37]李雪莹,周浩敏.DSP的硬件技术与应用原理[J].电子质量,2003,1:99-101
[38]Atmel Corporation.ARM920T-based Micorcontroller AT91RM9200[EB].2005
[39]田冲.基于AT91ARM9200的嵌入式系统的设计[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007
[40]DAVICOM.10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Physical Layer Single Chip Transceiver DM9161[EB].2001
[41]MOTOROLA Inc.Easy Switcher 3.0A Step-Down Voltage Regulator LM2576[EB].1999
[42]LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION.3A,5A,7.5A Low Dropout Positive Fixed Regualtors LT1083/84/85[EB].1994
[43]LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION.Precision Reference LT1019[EB].1993
[44]王雷.多级抽取滤波器在数字强震仪中的应用[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2005
[45]李菊,陈禾,何佩琨,等.分数倍抽样率转换器的时变网络结构及其FPGA实现[J].数据采集与处理,2005,20(3):268-271
[46]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.32-33
[47]Chu S,Burrus S.Multirate filter designs using comb filters[J].IEEE Trans Circ and Syst,1984,31(11):913-924
[2]李金铭.电法勘探方法发展概况[J].物探与化探,1996,20(4):249-258
[3]易碧金,穆群英.当前地震勘探仪器的应用技术分析[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):837-846
[4]张赛珍,王庆乙,罗延钟.中国电法勘探发展概况[J].地球物理学报,1994,37:408-423
[5]陆其鹄,孙进忠.发展技术,增强基础--地球物理仪器国际化与地球物理技术在工程上的应用研讨会综述[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):726-729
[6]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器的研制和产业化评述[J].石油物探,2006,45(3):209-216
[7]吕涛.基于LabVIEW的混场源电磁法接收机的设计及实现[D].长春:吉林大学,2002
[8]程德福,王君,李秀平,等.混场源电磁法仪器研制进展[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):778-781
[9]刘国栋.电磁法及电法仪器的新进展和应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39:46-51
[10]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276-281
[11]林品荣,赵子言.分布式被动源电磁法系统及其应用[J].地震地质,2001,23(2):138-142
[12]王忠,黄跃,林君,等.高速、大动态范围瞬变电磁接收机的研制[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(4):416-419
[13]刘红涛,杨秀瑛,于昌明,等.用VLF、EH4和CSAMT方法寻找隐伏矿[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):276-285
[14]柳建新,胡厚继.综合物探方法在深部接替资源勘探中的应用[J].地址与勘探,2006,42(4):71-74
[15]孙淑琴,林君,张秉仁,等.伪随机序列发生器的研究与实现[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2004,22(3):185-188
[16]白宜诚,左桓,崔燕丽.WDD型伪随机多功能电法发送机研制[J].物探与化探,2004,28(6):536-539
[17]陈儒军,罗维炳,等.WDD-2伪随机多频电法接收机[J].石油仪器,2003,12: 8-12
[18]赵志诚.DSP技术的发展与应用[J].仪表技术与传感器,1999,1:1-2
[19]李艳华.面向仪表的嵌入式DSP硬件平台的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2004
[20]陈乐寿,刘任,王天生.大地电磁测深资料处理与解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.15-17
[21]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.368-369
[22]Texas Instruments Incorporated.UNIVERSAL ACTIVE FILTER UAF42[EB].2003
[23]Texas Instruments Incorporated.FILTER DESIGN PROGRAM FOR THE UAF42UNIVERSAL ACTIVE FILTER[EB].2000
[24]席德勋.现代电子技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999.131-188
[25]蔡跃明,沈永朝,吴伯修.过取样∑-△转换技术[J].电子科学学刊,1995,17(5):512-523
[26]刘益成,罗维炳.信号处理与过抽样转换器[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1997.83-85
[27]CIRRUS LOGIC.24-bit Variable Bandwidth A/D Converter Chipset CS5321/22[EB].1999
[28]邓明,邓靖武,魏文博,等.四阶ΔΣ过抽样电路原理及其在微弱地学信号检测中的应用[J].地学前缘,2002,9(4):417-421
[29]CIRRUS LOGIC.Low-Power High-Performance Δ Σ Modulators CS5371/72[EB].2001
[30]CIRRUS LOGIC.Low Power Multi-Channel Decimation Filter CS5376[EB].2001
[31]XILINX COMPANY.XC5200 Series Field Programmable Gate Arrays[EB].1998
[32]潘松,黄继业.EDA技术与VHDL[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.62-68
[33]杨振宇,高峰,刘志言,等.强震观测系统中数字抽取滤波器的实现研究[J].传感器技术,2005,24(8):28-33
[34]邓精武,邓明,魏文博,等.抽取滤波在海底大地电磁探测中的应用[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2004,34(2):271-276
[35]Freescale Semiconductor.DSP56309 USER'S MANUAL[EB].2005
[36]牛晔,周浩敏.Motorola DSP及其开发[J].世界电子元器件,2004,4:50-53
[37]李雪莹,周浩敏.DSP的硬件技术与应用原理[J].电子质量,2003,1:99-101
[38]Atmel Corporation.ARM920T-based Micorcontroller AT91RM9200[EB].2005
[39]田冲.基于AT91ARM9200的嵌入式系统的设计[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007
[40]DAVICOM.10/100 Mbps Fast Ethernet Physical Layer Single Chip Transceiver DM9161[EB].2001
[41]MOTOROLA Inc.Easy Switcher 3.0A Step-Down Voltage Regulator LM2576[EB].1999
[42]LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION.3A,5A,7.5A Low Dropout Positive Fixed Regualtors LT1083/84/85[EB].1994
[43]LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION.Precision Reference LT1019[EB].1993
[44]王雷.多级抽取滤波器在数字强震仪中的应用[D].哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2005
[45]李菊,陈禾,何佩琨,等.分数倍抽样率转换器的时变网络结构及其FPGA实现[J].数据采集与处理,2005,20(3):268-271
[46]胡广书.数字信号处理理论、算法与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.32-33
[47]Chu S,Burrus S.Multirate filter designs using comb filters[J].IEEE Trans Circ and Syst,1984,31(11):913-924