NTP网络授时系统设计与实现
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摘要
信息科学的快速发展及其在社会各个领域中日益广泛的应用,对现代社会的发展起到了极大的推动作用,同样也对军事领域产生了深远的影响,各军兵种、专业兵种、专业部队的联合作战已经成为一种主要的作战形式。用于保障联合作战的一体化作战指挥平台中的各类军事指挥系统、分布式信息系统和有关重要应用领域,需要依靠计算机的高可靠性和高效率来精确控制关键性的工作与任务,同时对系统内各种应用平台、武器装备和用户终端时钟的一致性和精确性有较高的要求。现有的指挥信息系统,其网络结构一般采用骨干网络多冗余信道备份的多级以太网广域互连结构。系统的时间同步,往往通过一个基于某个特定同步网络的统一的时统设备,利用网络时间协议(Network Time Protocol)来对各类相联系统的时钟进行同步。在平时网络连通有保证、指挥层次比较固定的情况下,可以有效满足系统的时间同步要求,但是在遂行各类作战任务和军事行动中,由于无法保证全时全域的网络连接,此种模式不能完全满足应用需求。
本文在对军事行动中不稳定网络特点和现有时钟同步机制研究的基础上,针对其特点,提出了一种NTP网络授时系统设计方案。
首先,本文简单介绍了当前军队各类指挥信息系统中所使用的时统系统,分析了各类军事行动和作战任务时网络系统的特点,以及现有时统系统在保障军事行动和作战任务中的问题,通过对战场网络环境特点的剖析,和计算机系统时钟同步的要求,明确了系统目标,得到了本系统的设计硬件和软件需求。
其次,在需求分析的基础上,进行了系统的总体设计。硬件的总体设计,给出了NTP服务器硬件的硬件结构框图。软件的总体设计,重点设计了网络授时系统的功能架构和网络架构。
再次,根据系统的总体设计,进行了系统的详细设计与实现,主要包括三个方面:一是对NTP网络授时系统服务器硬件进行了电路设计,介绍了嵌入式服务器的硬件选型、系统结构,并分别给出了系统各主要单元模块的电路设计方法;二是对NTP网络授时系统服务器端的NTP授时服务软件进行了详细设计与实现,对其各项功能进行了描述,介绍了其实现所采用的关键技术;三是对NTP网络授时系统客户端的时钟同步软件进行了详细设计与实现,分别对其各个模块进行了讨论,介绍了其实现方法和技术要点。
在本文不同部分结合系统的设计与实现,分别对嵌入式系统的概念、ARM微处理器、GPS授时原理、NTP、μCLinux嵌入式操作系统的移植和交叉编译环境的建立等相关技术进行了简明扼要的介绍。
本文设计的NTP网络授时系统,能够适应军事行动中对时间服务的需要,可作为现有网络授时系统的备份和补充。
The rapid development of information science and in all areas of society increasingly wide range of applications, the development of modern society has played a great role in promoting, and the military also have a far-reaching impact on all branches of the armed forces, professional branch of the military, professional troops joint operations and the diffent nation's army forces in joint operations has become a major operation. Used to ensure the integration of operations of joint operations command platforms in the various military command systems, distributed information systems and the major application areas, need to rely on computer reliability and efficiency critical to accurately control the work of task, and it on the platform for a variety of applications within the system, weapons and equipment and user terminals clock a higher consistency and accuracy requirements. Existing command information systems, the general structure of its network backbone network using multiple redundant multi-channel backup Ethernet WAN interconnection structure. The time synchronization system, often through a wide area network based on the unification of the EC, equipment, use NTP (Network Time Protocol) to the various types of system clock sync. In peacetime, network connectivity assured, command a relatively constant level of circumstances, can effectively meet the requirements of time synchronization system, but in all kinds of operational tasks and carry out military operations, can not guarantee full-time all-domain network connections, such models can not fully meet the application requirements.
In this paper, the military action in the instability characteristics of the network and the existing clock synchronization mechanism on the basis of, for its characteristics, a delegate at the NTP network system design.
Firstly, the paper simply introduces all of the current military command information system used by the Commission when the systems of various types of military operations and combat missions network system characteristics, as well as existing EC system, the protection of military operations and combat missions in the , on the battlefield through the analysis of characteristics of the network environment, and computer system clock synchronization requirements, clear objectives of the system, have been the design of the system hardware and software requirements.
Secondly, the demand on the basis of the analysis, the overall design of the system. Hardware design, given NTP server hardware block diagram of the hardware structure. Software design, focusing on the network design award at the function of the system architecture and network architecture.
Again, according to the system's design, the detailed design of the system and implementation, mainly in three aspects: 1st, the NTP, awarding the network server system hardware circuit design, embedded on the server hardware selection, system architecture, and expounding on the system all the major modules of the circuit design methodology; 2nd, of the system awarding NTP network server-side software services NTP, awarding a detailed design, its features were described and presented the realization of the key used by the technology; 3rd, of the NTP network client delegated the system clock synchronization software for the detailed design of its various modules were discussed on its methods and technical issues involved.
In this paper, combining different parts of the system design and implementation, respectively, of the concept of embedded systems, ARM microprocessor, GPS Timing principle, NTP,μCLinux embedded operating system migration and the establishment of cross-compiler environment, and other related technologies are concise presentation.
The design of the system awarding NTP network, able to adapt to the military action in time for the needs of the services can be delegated, as a backup for the existing systems.
本文在对军事行动中不稳定网络特点和现有时钟同步机制研究的基础上,针对其特点,提出了一种NTP网络授时系统设计方案。
首先,本文简单介绍了当前军队各类指挥信息系统中所使用的时统系统,分析了各类军事行动和作战任务时网络系统的特点,以及现有时统系统在保障军事行动和作战任务中的问题,通过对战场网络环境特点的剖析,和计算机系统时钟同步的要求,明确了系统目标,得到了本系统的设计硬件和软件需求。
其次,在需求分析的基础上,进行了系统的总体设计。硬件的总体设计,给出了NTP服务器硬件的硬件结构框图。软件的总体设计,重点设计了网络授时系统的功能架构和网络架构。
再次,根据系统的总体设计,进行了系统的详细设计与实现,主要包括三个方面:一是对NTP网络授时系统服务器硬件进行了电路设计,介绍了嵌入式服务器的硬件选型、系统结构,并分别给出了系统各主要单元模块的电路设计方法;二是对NTP网络授时系统服务器端的NTP授时服务软件进行了详细设计与实现,对其各项功能进行了描述,介绍了其实现所采用的关键技术;三是对NTP网络授时系统客户端的时钟同步软件进行了详细设计与实现,分别对其各个模块进行了讨论,介绍了其实现方法和技术要点。
在本文不同部分结合系统的设计与实现,分别对嵌入式系统的概念、ARM微处理器、GPS授时原理、NTP、μCLinux嵌入式操作系统的移植和交叉编译环境的建立等相关技术进行了简明扼要的介绍。
本文设计的NTP网络授时系统,能够适应军事行动中对时间服务的需要,可作为现有网络授时系统的备份和补充。
The rapid development of information science and in all areas of society increasingly wide range of applications, the development of modern society has played a great role in promoting, and the military also have a far-reaching impact on all branches of the armed forces, professional branch of the military, professional troops joint operations and the diffent nation's army forces in joint operations has become a major operation. Used to ensure the integration of operations of joint operations command platforms in the various military command systems, distributed information systems and the major application areas, need to rely on computer reliability and efficiency critical to accurately control the work of task, and it on the platform for a variety of applications within the system, weapons and equipment and user terminals clock a higher consistency and accuracy requirements. Existing command information systems, the general structure of its network backbone network using multiple redundant multi-channel backup Ethernet WAN interconnection structure. The time synchronization system, often through a wide area network based on the unification of the EC, equipment, use NTP (Network Time Protocol) to the various types of system clock sync. In peacetime, network connectivity assured, command a relatively constant level of circumstances, can effectively meet the requirements of time synchronization system, but in all kinds of operational tasks and carry out military operations, can not guarantee full-time all-domain network connections, such models can not fully meet the application requirements.
In this paper, the military action in the instability characteristics of the network and the existing clock synchronization mechanism on the basis of, for its characteristics, a delegate at the NTP network system design.
Firstly, the paper simply introduces all of the current military command information system used by the Commission when the systems of various types of military operations and combat missions network system characteristics, as well as existing EC system, the protection of military operations and combat missions in the , on the battlefield through the analysis of characteristics of the network environment, and computer system clock synchronization requirements, clear objectives of the system, have been the design of the system hardware and software requirements.
Secondly, the demand on the basis of the analysis, the overall design of the system. Hardware design, given NTP server hardware block diagram of the hardware structure. Software design, focusing on the network design award at the function of the system architecture and network architecture.
Again, according to the system's design, the detailed design of the system and implementation, mainly in three aspects: 1st, the NTP, awarding the network server system hardware circuit design, embedded on the server hardware selection, system architecture, and expounding on the system all the major modules of the circuit design methodology; 2nd, of the system awarding NTP network server-side software services NTP, awarding a detailed design, its features were described and presented the realization of the key used by the technology; 3rd, of the NTP network client delegated the system clock synchronization software for the detailed design of its various modules were discussed on its methods and technical issues involved.
In this paper, combining different parts of the system design and implementation, respectively, of the concept of embedded systems, ARM microprocessor, GPS Timing principle, NTP,μCLinux embedded operating system migration and the establishment of cross-compiler environment, and other related technologies are concise presentation.
The design of the system awarding NTP network, able to adapt to the military action in time for the needs of the services can be delegated, as a backup for the existing systems.
引文
[1]郭武君,联合作战体制研究,北京:国防大学出版社,2003.3
[2]周晓宇 彭希文 安卫平,联合作战新论,北京:国防大学出版社,2003.3
[3]侯喜贵,军队信息化建设研究,北京:解放军出版社,2002.12
[4]中国人民解放军信息化工作办公室,军事信息系统一体化技术体系结构(ITA v3.0),2006.3
[5]Mills D L,Network Time Protocol(version3)specification,implementation and analysis.DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-1305,University of Delaware,Mar-92
[6]Mills,D.L.,Simple Network Time Protocol(SNWP)Version 4 for Ipv4,Ipv6 and OSI.Network Working Group Report RFC-2030,University of Delaware,Oct-96
[7]贾智平,嵌入式系统原理与接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.2
[8]周立功等,ARM嵌入式系统基础教程,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1
[9]殷晓峰 朱惠明,微机原理与接口实验指导书(嵌入式系统),济南:山东大学计算机科学与技术学院,2006.8
[10]孙纪坤 张小全,嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM,北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.8
[11]User's manual of S3C4510B,Samsung Electronics
[12]Datasheet for RTL8201,Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
[13]Datasheet for HY29LV160,Hynix Semiconductor Inc.
[14]Datasheet for HY57V641620,Hynix Semiconductor Inc.
[15]Datasheet for AT24C01,ATMEL Corp.
[16]MAX220-249 Datasheet.Rev 11,www.maxim-ic.com
[17]周立功 等,ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(二),北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.10
[18]http://www.uclinux.org
[19]李善平等,Linux与嵌入式系统(第2版),北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.3
[20]周忠谟 易杰军,GPS卫星测量原理与应用,北京:测绘出版社,1992.12
[21]邓中卫,GPS技术.应用与市场,北京:航空工业出版社,1996.11
[22]NMEA 0183 Standard,www.nmea.org
[23]http://www.ntp.org
[24]http://www.networkdictionary.com/chinese/protocols/ntp.pbp
[25]赵龙,基于NTP协议的网络授时研究:[硕士论文].沈阳:辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[26]谢进忠 谢进益,Linux Kernel Module及TCP/IP程序设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.2
[27]华清远见嵌入式培训中心,嵌入式Linux C语言应用程序设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.8
[28]张红亮,分布式系统时钟同步技术的研究与应用:[硕士论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2002
[29](美)Stanley B.Lippman著,C# Primer(影印版),北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[30]周存杰,Visual C#.NET网络核心编程,北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
[31]蔡敏 等,UML基础与Rose建模教程,北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.1
[32]王少锋,面向对象技术UML教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2004.2
[33]费振豪,基于NTP的地铁综合监控系统时钟同步技术的研究:[硕士论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004.3
[34]陈敏,基于NTP协议的网络时间同步系统的研究与实现:[硕士论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[2]周晓宇 彭希文 安卫平,联合作战新论,北京:国防大学出版社,2003.3
[3]侯喜贵,军队信息化建设研究,北京:解放军出版社,2002.12
[4]中国人民解放军信息化工作办公室,军事信息系统一体化技术体系结构(ITA v3.0),2006.3
[5]Mills D L,Network Time Protocol(version3)specification,implementation and analysis.DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-1305,University of Delaware,Mar-92
[6]Mills,D.L.,Simple Network Time Protocol(SNWP)Version 4 for Ipv4,Ipv6 and OSI.Network Working Group Report RFC-2030,University of Delaware,Oct-96
[7]贾智平,嵌入式系统原理与接口技术.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.2
[8]周立功等,ARM嵌入式系统基础教程,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1
[9]殷晓峰 朱惠明,微机原理与接口实验指导书(嵌入式系统),济南:山东大学计算机科学与技术学院,2006.8
[10]孙纪坤 张小全,嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM,北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.8
[11]User's manual of S3C4510B,Samsung Electronics
[12]Datasheet for RTL8201,Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
[13]Datasheet for HY29LV160,Hynix Semiconductor Inc.
[14]Datasheet for HY57V641620,Hynix Semiconductor Inc.
[15]Datasheet for AT24C01,ATMEL Corp.
[16]MAX220-249 Datasheet.Rev 11,www.maxim-ic.com
[17]周立功 等,ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(二),北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.10
[18]http://www.uclinux.org
[19]李善平等,Linux与嵌入式系统(第2版),北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.3
[20]周忠谟 易杰军,GPS卫星测量原理与应用,北京:测绘出版社,1992.12
[21]邓中卫,GPS技术.应用与市场,北京:航空工业出版社,1996.11
[22]NMEA 0183 Standard,www.nmea.org
[23]http://www.ntp.org
[24]http://www.networkdictionary.com/chinese/protocols/ntp.pbp
[25]赵龙,基于NTP协议的网络授时研究:[硕士论文].沈阳:辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[26]谢进忠 谢进益,Linux Kernel Module及TCP/IP程序设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.2
[27]华清远见嵌入式培训中心,嵌入式Linux C语言应用程序设计,北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.8
[28]张红亮,分布式系统时钟同步技术的研究与应用:[硕士论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2002
[29](美)Stanley B.Lippman著,C# Primer(影印版),北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[30]周存杰,Visual C#.NET网络核心编程,北京:清华大学出版社,2002.11
[31]蔡敏 等,UML基础与Rose建模教程,北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.1
[32]王少锋,面向对象技术UML教程,北京:清华大学出版社,2004.2
[33]费振豪,基于NTP的地铁综合监控系统时钟同步技术的研究:[硕士论文].成都:西南交通大学,2004.3
[34]陈敏,基于NTP协议的网络时间同步系统的研究与实现:[硕士论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2005