广域电网相量同步测量装置硬件研发
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摘要
随着经济建设的飞速发展,电网装机容量不断增大,全国电网互连步伐的加快,同时对电力系统的稳定监控提出了更高的要求,因此,广域电网相量测量系统(WAMS)应运而生。作为该系统的现场基础测量单元,基于全球定位系统(GPS)的广域电网相量同步测量装置(PMU)的测量水平,将直接影响到该系统的有效性及精确性。
本文提出一种同步时标可自由设定的新型PMU,它由频率自适应等间隔采样模块、同步时标形成模块和核心微处理器模块等构成,通过硬件电路与计算软件的合理分工与协调配合,实现了相量同步测量装置中“时间同步”与“频率同步”的解耦处理,从而装置能够根据自由设定的同步时标与时标同步方式,自动定位截取整周波采样数据(无频谱泄漏)进行高精度DFT相量计算,并通过简单的方法对截取DFT数据窗时造成的时标同步偏移量进而计算相量的相角偏差量进行高精度线性修正,且就本装置实现的同步时标任意设置中最常用的首点、中点、末点三种同步方式的跟踪效果及相量测量精度进行仿真分析。文章对这种新型PMU的硬件平台进行了深入研究分析,设计开发出相应的电路,并进行了大量调试工作,对所需实现的各项功能进行了部分验证。本文还设计了用于相量测量装置内DSP部分与MMI部分之间高速通讯的HPI接口,实现了在不打断DSP正常程序运行下DSP与嵌入式x86平台的高速、高可靠性、低功耗数据传输及在线修改DSP存储器的数据等功能。
Following the shaped huge interconnected power grid and the impeling power market reform, it needs the system to monitor the status of wide area power network. As a result of this situation, a wide area measurement system becomes ture. As the fundamental external measurement unit, the performance of PMU based on GPS takes a direct effect on the precision of the system.
A phasor measurement unit with free scaled synchronized time mark (Novel PMU) has been developed. The novel PMU is composed of frequency auto-adapted equal interval sampling module, synchronized time-mark generating module, core module based microprocessor, and resolved the problem of uncoupling treatment to "time-synchronized" and "frequency-synchronized" sampling. There by the synchronized time-mark and its synchronization model can be marked freely, the full circle sampling data can be automatically orientated and intercepted (no frequency spectrum leak out) to make high precision DFT calculation. The calculation phasor offset caused by synchronized time-mark offset can be precisely corrected with simple linear method. The precision of phasor measurement under three modes (the first, middle and last sampling point) of time-mark synchronization has also been simulated. The hardware of the novel PMU is investigated in depth, the corresponding circuit is worked out, all functions are tested and debugged, all functions that need to be realized are partially tested in the laboratory. In the paper, HPI interface for the communications between DSP and MMI in the phasor measurement unit is designed through which DSP and embedded x86 systems can communicate and renew data in the DSP memory quickly, reliable with low power while DSP works without being interrupted.
本文提出一种同步时标可自由设定的新型PMU,它由频率自适应等间隔采样模块、同步时标形成模块和核心微处理器模块等构成,通过硬件电路与计算软件的合理分工与协调配合,实现了相量同步测量装置中“时间同步”与“频率同步”的解耦处理,从而装置能够根据自由设定的同步时标与时标同步方式,自动定位截取整周波采样数据(无频谱泄漏)进行高精度DFT相量计算,并通过简单的方法对截取DFT数据窗时造成的时标同步偏移量进而计算相量的相角偏差量进行高精度线性修正,且就本装置实现的同步时标任意设置中最常用的首点、中点、末点三种同步方式的跟踪效果及相量测量精度进行仿真分析。文章对这种新型PMU的硬件平台进行了深入研究分析,设计开发出相应的电路,并进行了大量调试工作,对所需实现的各项功能进行了部分验证。本文还设计了用于相量测量装置内DSP部分与MMI部分之间高速通讯的HPI接口,实现了在不打断DSP正常程序运行下DSP与嵌入式x86平台的高速、高可靠性、低功耗数据传输及在线修改DSP存储器的数据等功能。
Following the shaped huge interconnected power grid and the impeling power market reform, it needs the system to monitor the status of wide area power network. As a result of this situation, a wide area measurement system becomes ture. As the fundamental external measurement unit, the performance of PMU based on GPS takes a direct effect on the precision of the system.
A phasor measurement unit with free scaled synchronized time mark (Novel PMU) has been developed. The novel PMU is composed of frequency auto-adapted equal interval sampling module, synchronized time-mark generating module, core module based microprocessor, and resolved the problem of uncoupling treatment to "time-synchronized" and "frequency-synchronized" sampling. There by the synchronized time-mark and its synchronization model can be marked freely, the full circle sampling data can be automatically orientated and intercepted (no frequency spectrum leak out) to make high precision DFT calculation. The calculation phasor offset caused by synchronized time-mark offset can be precisely corrected with simple linear method. The precision of phasor measurement under three modes (the first, middle and last sampling point) of time-mark synchronization has also been simulated. The hardware of the novel PMU is investigated in depth, the corresponding circuit is worked out, all functions are tested and debugged, all functions that need to be realized are partially tested in the laboratory. In the paper, HPI interface for the communications between DSP and MMI in the phasor measurement unit is designed through which DSP and embedded x86 systems can communicate and renew data in the DSP memory quickly, reliable with low power while DSP works without being interrupted.
引文
[1]周孝信.面向21世纪的电力系统技术.电气时代,2000,2:6-8
[2]王梅义,吴竞昌,蒙定中.大电网系统技术.北京:中国电力出版社.1995.6
[3]Christian Rehtanz,Joachim Bertsch.Wide Area measurement and protection system for emergency voltage stability control.Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,IEEE.2002.2:842-847
[4]常乃超,兰洲,甘德强,倪以信.广域测量系统在电力系统分析及控制中的应用综述.电网技术,2005,29(10):46-52
[5]杨以涵,张东英,马骞,刘文颖.大电网安全防御体系的基础研究.电网技术,2004,28(9):23-27
[6]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施.电网技术,2004,28(9):1-6.
[7]丁道齐.未来型电力系统的广域测量和通信.电力系统通信,2004,11:1-6
[8]韩英铎,王仲鸿,林孔兴,等.电力系统中的三项前沿课题--柔性输电技术,智能控制,基于GPS的动态安全分析与监测.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997,37(7):1-6
[9]何大愚.一年以后对美加“8.14”大停电事故的反思.电网技术,2004,28(21):1-5
[10]Guo Y,Hill D J,Wang Y Y.Nonlinear decentralized control of large-scale power systems.Automation,2000,(36):1275-1289
[11]Chapman J W,Hic M D,King C Aet al.Stabilizing a multi machine power system via decentralized feedback linear zing excitation control[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,8(3):830-839
[12]许树楷,谢小荣,辛耀中.基于同步相量测量技术的广域测量系统应用现状及发展前景.电网技术,2005,29(10):44-49.
[13]闵勇,丁仁杰,任勇,王仲鸿.电力系统全网同步监测系统.清华大学学报,1997,37(7):86-88
[14]A.G.Phadke.Synchronized phasor measurements a historical overwiew.IEEE,2002,4(2):476-479
[15]B.J.,Gale P.F.Satellites for power system applications.Power Enginnering Journal,1993,7(5):201-207.
[16]A.G.Phadke.Synchronized phasor measurements in power systems.Computer Applications in Power,IEEE,1993,6(2):10-15
[17]卢志刚,郝玉山,康庆平,杨以涵.电力系统相角测量和应用.电力系统自动化,1997,21(4):41-43,46
[18]IEEE Working Group Report.Synchronized Samplingand Phasor Measurements for Relaying and Control.IEEE Trans on PWRD,1994,9(1):442-339
[19]Hauer J F,Beshir M J,Mittelstadt W A.Dynamic performance validation in the western power system[A].Presented on Behalf of the WSCC Performance Validation Task Force at the APEx 2000 in Kananaskis[C].Alberta,2000:1-6
[20]Street MA et al.应用全球定位系统加强大型电力系统的性能.CIGRE.1994
[21]Cease T W.Real Time of the TVA Power System.IEEE Computer Application in Power,1994,17:47-51
[22]Centeno Vet al.Adaptive Out-of-Step Relaying Using Phasor Measurement Techniques.IEEE Computer Applications in Power,1993-10,12-17
[23]Counan C,Trotignon M et al.Major Incidents on the FRENCH Electric System:Potentiality and Curative Measures Studies.IEEE Trans on PWRST 1993.8,8(3):879-885
[24]Saitoh H.GPS synchronized measurement applications in Japan[A].2002 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition[C].Asia Pacific,Yokohama,Japan,2002,1:494-499
[25]卢志刚,郝玉山,康庆平,等.电力系统实时相角监控系统研究.电力系统自动化,1997,21(9):17-19
[26]Min Y.Phasor measurement applications in China[A].2002 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition[C].Asia Pacific,Yokohama,Japan,2002,1:485-489
[27]Wu J T,Kong W C,Han Y D,et el.Dynamic monitoring and control system based on synchronized phasor measurement in heilongjiang eastern power system.Proceedings of IEEE PES Winter Meeting 2000,2000 Jan.23-27,Singapore
[28]罗建裕,王小英,鲁庭瑞,等.基于广域测量技术的电网实时动态监测系统应用.电力系统自动化,2003,27(24):78-80
[29]王兆家,岑宗浩,陈汉中.华东电网多功能功角实时监测系统的开发及应用.电网技术,2002,26(8):73-77
[30]王英涛,印永华,蒋宜国,等.我国实时动态监测系统的发展现状及实施策略研究.电网技术,2005,29(11):44-48
[31]钟波,于峥.广域电网相量测量系统在西北电网的开发及应用.中国电力,2005,38(12):37-41
[32]江道灼,孙伟华,陈素素.电网相量实时同步测量的一种新方法.电力系统自动化,2003,27(15):40-44.
[33]A.P.Sakis Meliopoulos,George J.Cokkinides,Floyd Galvan,et al.GPS-Synchronized Data Acquisition:Technology Assessment and Research Issues.Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Maui,Hawaii,January 2006,244.3.
[34]商国才编著.电力系统自动化.天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[35]IEEE Std 1344-1995(R2001).Power System Relaying Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society.IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power System.2001
[36]闵勇,丁仁杰,韩英铎等.自适应调整采样率的相量在线测量算法研究.电力系统自动化,1998,22(10):10-13
[37]王茂海,孙元章.基于 DFT的电力系统相量及功率测量新算法.电力系统自动化,2005,29(2):20-24.
[38]《电力系统实时动态监测系统技术规范》
[39]胡广书编著.数字信号处理--理论、算法与实现.清华大学出版社:1997,8,第一版
[40]于彬彬,江道灼.一种新型的电网同步测量装置[J].继电器,2005,33(6):51-55
[41]杨贵玉,江道灼,邱家驹.相角测量装置的同步测量精度问题.电力系统自动化,2003,27(14):57-61
[42]刘炳旭,赵建国.基于固定采样频率的相量精确测量算法.山东大学学报,2005,36(5):46-49
[43]王福昌,鲁昆生.锁相技术.华中科技大学出版社,武汉:1997,5,第一版
[44]童宝润主编.时间统一系统.北京:国防工业出版社:2003
[45]G.Missout,P.Girard.Measurement of bus voltage angle between Montreal and Sept-Iles.IEEE Transactions on PAS,Vol.PAS-99,No.2 March/April 1998:536-539
[46]栗大超,宋光德,靳世久.GPS的通讯技术及其在测控系统中的应用.计算机自动测量与控制,2001,9(2):30-32
[47]李建,谢小荣,韩英铎.北斗卫星导航系统与GPS互备授时的分布式相量测量单元.电网技术,2005,29(9):1-4,9
[48]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨.TMS320C6000系列DSP原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[49]Altera Corporation.MAX 7000 Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet.2002.
[50]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide.October 2000
[51]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP Cache User's Guide.May 2003
[52]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access(EDMA)Controller Reference Guide.November 2004
[53]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP 32-Bit Timer Reference Guide.November 2004
[54]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP GPIO Reference Guide.March 2004
[55]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP Interrupt Selector Reference Guide.January 2004
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[63]宋人杰,李蕾,李杨.基于QNX操作系统的PMU通信软件设计.继电器,2005,33(14):71-73
[2]王梅义,吴竞昌,蒙定中.大电网系统技术.北京:中国电力出版社.1995.6
[3]Christian Rehtanz,Joachim Bertsch.Wide Area measurement and protection system for emergency voltage stability control.Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,IEEE.2002.2:842-847
[4]常乃超,兰洲,甘德强,倪以信.广域测量系统在电力系统分析及控制中的应用综述.电网技术,2005,29(10):46-52
[5]杨以涵,张东英,马骞,刘文颖.大电网安全防御体系的基础研究.电网技术,2004,28(9):23-27
[6]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施.电网技术,2004,28(9):1-6.
[7]丁道齐.未来型电力系统的广域测量和通信.电力系统通信,2004,11:1-6
[8]韩英铎,王仲鸿,林孔兴,等.电力系统中的三项前沿课题--柔性输电技术,智能控制,基于GPS的动态安全分析与监测.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1997,37(7):1-6
[9]何大愚.一年以后对美加“8.14”大停电事故的反思.电网技术,2004,28(21):1-5
[10]Guo Y,Hill D J,Wang Y Y.Nonlinear decentralized control of large-scale power systems.Automation,2000,(36):1275-1289
[11]Chapman J W,Hic M D,King C Aet al.Stabilizing a multi machine power system via decentralized feedback linear zing excitation control[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,8(3):830-839
[12]许树楷,谢小荣,辛耀中.基于同步相量测量技术的广域测量系统应用现状及发展前景.电网技术,2005,29(10):44-49.
[13]闵勇,丁仁杰,任勇,王仲鸿.电力系统全网同步监测系统.清华大学学报,1997,37(7):86-88
[14]A.G.Phadke.Synchronized phasor measurements a historical overwiew.IEEE,2002,4(2):476-479
[15]B.J.,Gale P.F.Satellites for power system applications.Power Enginnering Journal,1993,7(5):201-207.
[16]A.G.Phadke.Synchronized phasor measurements in power systems.Computer Applications in Power,IEEE,1993,6(2):10-15
[17]卢志刚,郝玉山,康庆平,杨以涵.电力系统相角测量和应用.电力系统自动化,1997,21(4):41-43,46
[18]IEEE Working Group Report.Synchronized Samplingand Phasor Measurements for Relaying and Control.IEEE Trans on PWRD,1994,9(1):442-339
[19]Hauer J F,Beshir M J,Mittelstadt W A.Dynamic performance validation in the western power system[A].Presented on Behalf of the WSCC Performance Validation Task Force at the APEx 2000 in Kananaskis[C].Alberta,2000:1-6
[20]Street MA et al.应用全球定位系统加强大型电力系统的性能.CIGRE.1994
[21]Cease T W.Real Time of the TVA Power System.IEEE Computer Application in Power,1994,17:47-51
[22]Centeno Vet al.Adaptive Out-of-Step Relaying Using Phasor Measurement Techniques.IEEE Computer Applications in Power,1993-10,12-17
[23]Counan C,Trotignon M et al.Major Incidents on the FRENCH Electric System:Potentiality and Curative Measures Studies.IEEE Trans on PWRST 1993.8,8(3):879-885
[24]Saitoh H.GPS synchronized measurement applications in Japan[A].2002 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition[C].Asia Pacific,Yokohama,Japan,2002,1:494-499
[25]卢志刚,郝玉山,康庆平,等.电力系统实时相角监控系统研究.电力系统自动化,1997,21(9):17-19
[26]Min Y.Phasor measurement applications in China[A].2002 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition[C].Asia Pacific,Yokohama,Japan,2002,1:485-489
[27]Wu J T,Kong W C,Han Y D,et el.Dynamic monitoring and control system based on synchronized phasor measurement in heilongjiang eastern power system.Proceedings of IEEE PES Winter Meeting 2000,2000 Jan.23-27,Singapore
[28]罗建裕,王小英,鲁庭瑞,等.基于广域测量技术的电网实时动态监测系统应用.电力系统自动化,2003,27(24):78-80
[29]王兆家,岑宗浩,陈汉中.华东电网多功能功角实时监测系统的开发及应用.电网技术,2002,26(8):73-77
[30]王英涛,印永华,蒋宜国,等.我国实时动态监测系统的发展现状及实施策略研究.电网技术,2005,29(11):44-48
[31]钟波,于峥.广域电网相量测量系统在西北电网的开发及应用.中国电力,2005,38(12):37-41
[32]江道灼,孙伟华,陈素素.电网相量实时同步测量的一种新方法.电力系统自动化,2003,27(15):40-44.
[33]A.P.Sakis Meliopoulos,George J.Cokkinides,Floyd Galvan,et al.GPS-Synchronized Data Acquisition:Technology Assessment and Research Issues.Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Maui,Hawaii,January 2006,244.3.
[34]商国才编著.电力系统自动化.天津:天津大学出版社,1999
[35]IEEE Std 1344-1995(R2001).Power System Relaying Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society.IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power System.2001
[36]闵勇,丁仁杰,韩英铎等.自适应调整采样率的相量在线测量算法研究.电力系统自动化,1998,22(10):10-13
[37]王茂海,孙元章.基于 DFT的电力系统相量及功率测量新算法.电力系统自动化,2005,29(2):20-24.
[38]《电力系统实时动态监测系统技术规范》
[39]胡广书编著.数字信号处理--理论、算法与实现.清华大学出版社:1997,8,第一版
[40]于彬彬,江道灼.一种新型的电网同步测量装置[J].继电器,2005,33(6):51-55
[41]杨贵玉,江道灼,邱家驹.相角测量装置的同步测量精度问题.电力系统自动化,2003,27(14):57-61
[42]刘炳旭,赵建国.基于固定采样频率的相量精确测量算法.山东大学学报,2005,36(5):46-49
[43]王福昌,鲁昆生.锁相技术.华中科技大学出版社,武汉:1997,5,第一版
[44]童宝润主编.时间统一系统.北京:国防工业出版社:2003
[45]G.Missout,P.Girard.Measurement of bus voltage angle between Montreal and Sept-Iles.IEEE Transactions on PAS,Vol.PAS-99,No.2 March/April 1998:536-539
[46]栗大超,宋光德,靳世久.GPS的通讯技术及其在测控系统中的应用.计算机自动测量与控制,2001,9(2):30-32
[47]李建,谢小荣,韩英铎.北斗卫星导航系统与GPS互备授时的分布式相量测量单元.电网技术,2005,29(9):1-4,9
[48]李方慧,王飞,何佩琨.TMS320C6000系列DSP原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[49]Altera Corporation.MAX 7000 Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet.2002.
[50]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 CPU and Instruction Set Reference Guide.October 2000
[51]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP Cache User's Guide.May 2003
[52]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access(EDMA)Controller Reference Guide.November 2004
[53]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP 32-Bit Timer Reference Guide.November 2004
[54]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP GPIO Reference Guide.March 2004
[55]Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 DSP Interrupt Selector Reference Guide.January 2004
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