激光接收机小型化技术研究
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摘要
激光接收机系统是激光信号测量的标准设备,现有系统采用机站加操控方舱的结构,体积庞大,限制了机站的独立工作能力。新型任务的开展,更多要求激光接收机具有灵活布站的能力(如高层房间内或楼顶),激光接收机的应用瓶颈更加突出。结合接收机原有特点和新型任务需求,本文系统地研究了接收机小型化技术,设计和实现了接收机小型化系统,解决了接收机存在的瓶颈问题。
在对原系统内部的结构和工作原理、机站和操控方舱各自承担的功能和两者问的连接方式、接收机在整个试验系统中的功能进行研究的基础上,提出了利用USB接口模拟串口,利用网络时间协议实现系统间时间同步的小型化改造方案。
本文重点是小型化改造,以方案为依据,研制了小型化主控终端,设计了机站的供电方案、单个机站的工作模式和硬件组成、多机站同时工作时的工作模式和硬件组成、本机和指挥系统间时间同步模式和软件,并对研制的成果进行了全面测试。
最后,本文阐述了系统的测试方法,并分析了测试结果。实践证明,本文研究的方案很好地解决了激光接收机现有的瓶颈问题,改造的小型化系统在某试验中得到成功应用。
Laser Receiver is a standard instrument of Laser measuring. Existing Laser Receiver structure is based on a mode of unattached station and manipulative cabin, such method astricts the independency capability of the station. Along with the expansion of the late-mode experiment, the independency capability of the station is so much more and more wanted that the bottleneck of the Laser Receiver System emerged. Based on the character of old system and the requirement of late-mode experiments, in this article the technology of miniaturization and the new system is projected so as to solve the bottleneck existing in Laser Receiver.
First, the internal structure and working principle is analysed and the function and the way by which each station is connected with the manipulative cabin is pointed out. After studying of the receiver's function and the principle of miniaturization in the whole trial, the device process of the USB port which is used to simulate the serials port and the system time when is synchronized by the NTP is promoted.
The miniaturization of the device is emphasis of the article. According to the project, the host terminal and the way of power supply are designed, then the work mode and the hardware buildup of individual station and all work together are promoted, and finally the system time synchronization mode and software are projected and the final production is all-round tested.
In the end, the testing way of the new system is expounded, and the result is analysed. Proved by the practice, the bottleneck of Laser Receiver nowadays is well resolved. The new system projected by the article was used in a certain experiment successfully.
在对原系统内部的结构和工作原理、机站和操控方舱各自承担的功能和两者问的连接方式、接收机在整个试验系统中的功能进行研究的基础上,提出了利用USB接口模拟串口,利用网络时间协议实现系统间时间同步的小型化改造方案。
本文重点是小型化改造,以方案为依据,研制了小型化主控终端,设计了机站的供电方案、单个机站的工作模式和硬件组成、多机站同时工作时的工作模式和硬件组成、本机和指挥系统间时间同步模式和软件,并对研制的成果进行了全面测试。
最后,本文阐述了系统的测试方法,并分析了测试结果。实践证明,本文研究的方案很好地解决了激光接收机现有的瓶颈问题,改造的小型化系统在某试验中得到成功应用。
Laser Receiver is a standard instrument of Laser measuring. Existing Laser Receiver structure is based on a mode of unattached station and manipulative cabin, such method astricts the independency capability of the station. Along with the expansion of the late-mode experiment, the independency capability of the station is so much more and more wanted that the bottleneck of the Laser Receiver System emerged. Based on the character of old system and the requirement of late-mode experiments, in this article the technology of miniaturization and the new system is projected so as to solve the bottleneck existing in Laser Receiver.
First, the internal structure and working principle is analysed and the function and the way by which each station is connected with the manipulative cabin is pointed out. After studying of the receiver's function and the principle of miniaturization in the whole trial, the device process of the USB port which is used to simulate the serials port and the system time when is synchronized by the NTP is promoted.
The miniaturization of the device is emphasis of the article. According to the project, the host terminal and the way of power supply are designed, then the work mode and the hardware buildup of individual station and all work together are promoted, and finally the system time synchronization mode and software are projected and the final production is all-round tested.
In the end, the testing way of the new system is expounded, and the result is analysed. Proved by the practice, the bottleneck of Laser Receiver nowadays is well resolved. The new system projected by the article was used in a certain experiment successfully.
引文
[1]Network Time Protocol(Version 3)Specification Implementation and Analysis[EB/OL]http://www.faqs.org/rfc/rfc1305.html.1992-03
[2]Time Synchronization Server[EB/OL].http://www.eecis.udel.edu/-ntp/,1998-09
[3]程根兰.数字同步网[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.37-105
[4]Mills D L.Internet Time Synchronization:the Network Time Protocol[J].IEEE Trans.Communications,1991,39(10):1428
[5]Mills D L.Modelling and Analysis of Computer Network Clocks[J].Electrical Engineering Department Report 92-5-2,University of Delaware,USA,1992-05:29
[6]Lamport,L.,Time,Clock and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System[J],Commun of the ACM,July 1978,vol.6,pp.558-564。
[7]Lamport,L.,Concurrent Reading and Writing of locks,ACM Trans.on Computer System,1990,vol.8,pp.305-310。
[8]Gray,C.,Cheriton,D.,Leases:An Efficient Fault-Tolerent Mechanism for Distributed File System Consistency,Proc.11th Symp.on Operating System Principles,ACM,1989,pp.202-210。
[9]David L.Mills,Improved Algorithms for Synchronizing Computer Network Clocks[J].IEEE Transaction On Networks,1995,vol.7,pp.245-254。
[10]Flaviu Cristian,Chfistof Fetzer,Fault-Tolerant External Closk Synchronization[J].IEEE Proceedings of the International Conference on distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS 95'),1995,pp.70-770
[11]Manfred J,Douglas M.,Blought,A New and Improved Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization,Journal Of Parallel And Distributed Computing,1995,vol.27,pp.1 - 14。
[12]Cristian,F,Probabilistic Clock Synchronization,Distributed Computing,1989,vol.3,pp:146-158。
[13]Cristian,Understanding Fault-Tolerant Distributed System,Comm.of the ACM,1991,vol.34,pp.56-78。
[14]Drummond,Babaoglu,Low-Cost Clock Synchronization,Distributed Computing,1993,vol.6,pp.193-203。
[15]Kopetiz,Ochsenreiter,Clock Synchronization in Distributed Real-Time Systems,IEEE Trans.on Computers,1987,vol.C-36,pp.933-940。
[16]Lundelius-Welch,Lynch,A New Fault-Tolerant Algorithm for Clock Synchronization,Information and Computation,1988,vol.77,pp.1-36。
[17]Ramanathan,Kandlur,Shin,IEEE Trans.on Computers,1990,vol.C-39,pp.514-524。
[18]Srikanth,Toueg,Optimal Clock Synchronization,Journal of the ACM,1987,vol.34,pp.626-645。
[19]Postel,J,Daytime Protocol,DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-867[Z],,USC Information Science Institute,1983。
[20]Postel,J,Time protocol,DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-868,USC Information Sciences Institute,1983。
[21]Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,Internet Protocol.DARPA
[22]Network Working Group Report RFC-791,USC Information Sciences Institute,1981。
[23]贺鹏、曾维鲁.分布式数据采集系统的时间同步及软件编程[J].计算机编程,2000.07
[24]谢希仁、陈鸣等.计算机网络[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998,
[25]Su,Z,A specification of the Internet protocol(IP) timestamp option,DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-781,SRI International,1981
[26]Lindsay,Kantak,Network synchronization of random signals,IEEE Trans.Communications COM-28,8,1980,pp.1260-1266
[27]Lamport,Melliar-Smith,Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults,ACM 32,1985,vol.l,pp.52-78
[28]Digital Time Service Functional Specification Version T.1.0.5.Digital Equipment Corporation,1989
[29]李明国,宋海娜.计算机时钟同步技术研究.系统仿真学报[[J].2002,14(4):477-480
[30]David L.Mills,Computer Network Time Synchronization Executive Summary,http://www.eecis.udel.edu/%7emills/exec.html,2003.3.20/2004.2.5
[31]华宇,刘志英.互联网上的时间基准[[J].计算机上程与应用,2002,38(24):169-171
[32]贺鹏,李菁,吴海涛.网络时间同步算法研究和实现[J].计算机应用,2003,23(2):15-17
[33]赵英,黄九梅.异步环境中基于时钟精度差的时间同步问题研究[J].计算机应用,2002,22(11):37-39
[34]David L.Mills,Network Time Protocol(version 3) Specification,Implementation and Analysis,Network Working Group,1992。
[35]何林.《NTP和互联网时间同步》2003-7-14
[36]傅宇峰.《时间同步系统的实现和应用》.华为技术报.2002,3-27
[37]刘滨,孙睿.基于USB和多线程的实时数据采集系统[J].单片机及嵌入式系统应用,2003,(9).
[38]姜团彩.网络时间协议的基本原理及其在校园网络的应用[J].龙岩师专学报.2004,Vol.22,No.3:37-38
[39]朱庆保等.微型计算机系统及接口应用技术[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1997,74-136
[40]周洪彬.实时串口通讯软件设计方法[M].零八一科技,15-17
[41]Behrouz Forouzin.Introduction to Data Communication and Networking[M].USA:Wcbmc Mcgraw-jill press,1999
[42]鲁士文.计算机网络协议和实现技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[43]张念淮,江浩.USB总线接口开发指南[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002-01:5-26
[44]Compaq,Intel,Microsoft,NEC.Universal serial bus specification,revision 1.1[Z].1989-09:10-40
[45]MOXA Corp.PComm Library Programming Guide.1998
[46]边海龙,贾少华.USB2.0设备的设计与开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[47]高会霞,关丽霞.雷达情报串口传输质量检测与评估[J].情报指挥控制系统与仿真技术.2005,Vol.27,No.1:64-66
[48]张艳丽,阮福明等.基于Socket网络编程局域网上计算机和Mpc860之间的通讯[J].计算机工程.2004.03
[49]安格斯生编著,精英科技译.串行端口大全[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.117-137.181-225
[50]Cypress Semiconduct Corporation.Creating a USB to Serial Bridge Solution using Cypress Low and Full-speed M8 USB Device.2001.08
[51]董甲东.基于局域网时间同步在电力系统中的应用及误差分析[J].水利水电工程设计.2003,Vol22,No.1:30-31
[2]Time Synchronization Server[EB/OL].http://www.eecis.udel.edu/-ntp/,1998-09
[3]程根兰.数字同步网[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.37-105
[4]Mills D L.Internet Time Synchronization:the Network Time Protocol[J].IEEE Trans.Communications,1991,39(10):1428
[5]Mills D L.Modelling and Analysis of Computer Network Clocks[J].Electrical Engineering Department Report 92-5-2,University of Delaware,USA,1992-05:29
[6]Lamport,L.,Time,Clock and the Ordering of Events in a Distributed System[J],Commun of the ACM,July 1978,vol.6,pp.558-564。
[7]Lamport,L.,Concurrent Reading and Writing of locks,ACM Trans.on Computer System,1990,vol.8,pp.305-310。
[8]Gray,C.,Cheriton,D.,Leases:An Efficient Fault-Tolerent Mechanism for Distributed File System Consistency,Proc.11th Symp.on Operating System Principles,ACM,1989,pp.202-210。
[9]David L.Mills,Improved Algorithms for Synchronizing Computer Network Clocks[J].IEEE Transaction On Networks,1995,vol.7,pp.245-254。
[10]Flaviu Cristian,Chfistof Fetzer,Fault-Tolerant External Closk Synchronization[J].IEEE Proceedings of the International Conference on distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS 95'),1995,pp.70-770
[11]Manfred J,Douglas M.,Blought,A New and Improved Algorithm for Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization,Journal Of Parallel And Distributed Computing,1995,vol.27,pp.1 - 14。
[12]Cristian,F,Probabilistic Clock Synchronization,Distributed Computing,1989,vol.3,pp:146-158。
[13]Cristian,Understanding Fault-Tolerant Distributed System,Comm.of the ACM,1991,vol.34,pp.56-78。
[14]Drummond,Babaoglu,Low-Cost Clock Synchronization,Distributed Computing,1993,vol.6,pp.193-203。
[15]Kopetiz,Ochsenreiter,Clock Synchronization in Distributed Real-Time Systems,IEEE Trans.on Computers,1987,vol.C-36,pp.933-940。
[16]Lundelius-Welch,Lynch,A New Fault-Tolerant Algorithm for Clock Synchronization,Information and Computation,1988,vol.77,pp.1-36。
[17]Ramanathan,Kandlur,Shin,IEEE Trans.on Computers,1990,vol.C-39,pp.514-524。
[18]Srikanth,Toueg,Optimal Clock Synchronization,Journal of the ACM,1987,vol.34,pp.626-645。
[19]Postel,J,Daytime Protocol,DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-867[Z],,USC Information Science Institute,1983。
[20]Postel,J,Time protocol,DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-868,USC Information Sciences Institute,1983。
[21]Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency,Internet Protocol.DARPA
[22]Network Working Group Report RFC-791,USC Information Sciences Institute,1981。
[23]贺鹏、曾维鲁.分布式数据采集系统的时间同步及软件编程[J].计算机编程,2000.07
[24]谢希仁、陈鸣等.计算机网络[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998,
[25]Su,Z,A specification of the Internet protocol(IP) timestamp option,DARPA Network Working Group Report RFC-781,SRI International,1981
[26]Lindsay,Kantak,Network synchronization of random signals,IEEE Trans.Communications COM-28,8,1980,pp.1260-1266
[27]Lamport,Melliar-Smith,Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults,ACM 32,1985,vol.l,pp.52-78
[28]Digital Time Service Functional Specification Version T.1.0.5.Digital Equipment Corporation,1989
[29]李明国,宋海娜.计算机时钟同步技术研究.系统仿真学报[[J].2002,14(4):477-480
[30]David L.Mills,Computer Network Time Synchronization Executive Summary,http://www.eecis.udel.edu/%7emills/exec.html,2003.3.20/2004.2.5
[31]华宇,刘志英.互联网上的时间基准[[J].计算机上程与应用,2002,38(24):169-171
[32]贺鹏,李菁,吴海涛.网络时间同步算法研究和实现[J].计算机应用,2003,23(2):15-17
[33]赵英,黄九梅.异步环境中基于时钟精度差的时间同步问题研究[J].计算机应用,2002,22(11):37-39
[34]David L.Mills,Network Time Protocol(version 3) Specification,Implementation and Analysis,Network Working Group,1992。
[35]何林.《NTP和互联网时间同步》2003-7-14
[36]傅宇峰.《时间同步系统的实现和应用》.华为技术报.2002,3-27
[37]刘滨,孙睿.基于USB和多线程的实时数据采集系统[J].单片机及嵌入式系统应用,2003,(9).
[38]姜团彩.网络时间协议的基本原理及其在校园网络的应用[J].龙岩师专学报.2004,Vol.22,No.3:37-38
[39]朱庆保等.微型计算机系统及接口应用技术[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1997,74-136
[40]周洪彬.实时串口通讯软件设计方法[M].零八一科技,15-17
[41]Behrouz Forouzin.Introduction to Data Communication and Networking[M].USA:Wcbmc Mcgraw-jill press,1999
[42]鲁士文.计算机网络协议和实现技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[43]张念淮,江浩.USB总线接口开发指南[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002-01:5-26
[44]Compaq,Intel,Microsoft,NEC.Universal serial bus specification,revision 1.1[Z].1989-09:10-40
[45]MOXA Corp.PComm Library Programming Guide.1998
[46]边海龙,贾少华.USB2.0设备的设计与开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004
[47]高会霞,关丽霞.雷达情报串口传输质量检测与评估[J].情报指挥控制系统与仿真技术.2005,Vol.27,No.1:64-66
[48]张艳丽,阮福明等.基于Socket网络编程局域网上计算机和Mpc860之间的通讯[J].计算机工程.2004.03
[49]安格斯生编著,精英科技译.串行端口大全[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.117-137.181-225
[50]Cypress Semiconduct Corporation.Creating a USB to Serial Bridge Solution using Cypress Low and Full-speed M8 USB Device.2001.08
[51]董甲东.基于局域网时间同步在电力系统中的应用及误差分析[J].水利水电工程设计.2003,Vol22,No.1:30-31