分布式地理信息系统研究
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摘要
分布式GIS是当今GIS发展的必然趋势，分布式GIS面临着多方面严峻的挑战，
然而现有的分布式GIS解决方案却存在很大的局限性，分布式GIS的能力有待于进
一步的提高。
本文研究的重点是探讨实现基于网络的分布式地理信息系统的方法，构造一
个分布式地理信息系统服务模型。这不仅为了解决地理信息共享，更着重于解决
深层次的地理信息处理功能服务问题。
地理信息是地理信息系统的基础，地理信息的表示和管理的研究是通过地理
空间数据模型的研究来完成的，它的研究在很大程度上标志着GIS的发展水平。
论文对分布式地理信息进行分析，提出了地理空间信息的数据模型。另外，还阐
述了组件GIS和WebGIS技术等相关问题。
分布式地理空间数据的快速导航一直是分布式GIS研究的重点。第三章，在
分析了元数据的由来、概念、作用、现状、标准、内容以及表示的基础上，给出
地理空间元数据的概念，并且重点阐述了GIS数据互操作和处理功能互操作。按
照侧重点的不同，我们把GIS互操作分成三类，即数据互操作(技术互操作)、
处理功能互操作(服务互操作)和语义互操作。目前对GIS互操作的研究多是数
据互操作方面，而处理功能互操作和语义互操作的研究还很不够成熟。我们设计
了一种基于分布式的网络环境的地理空间元数据库框架。
第四章在分析了分布式地理信息服务的基础上，提出了一般概念模型和基于
Java技术的分布式地理信息服务模型。地理信息服务，也可以称为GIS服务，就
是指提供地理信息和地理信息处理功能的服务。
地理信息服务多以服务链的形式出现，本文以一些基本服务为例，提出并重
点阐述了三种DGIS服务链--用户白定义服务链、静态服务链和工作流管理服
务链。分布式地理组件注册模型是服务模型的一个非常重要的部分，它使地理信
息服务成为可能，我们给出了分布式地理组件的注册模型。
由于DGIS服务系统是一个非常复杂的系统，我们开发了一个简单的原型系
统。原型系统只提供了一些基本服务组件：注册组件，SRS投影变换组件，Web
地图组件，地址匹配组件。地理信息系统服务模型可以应用于政府、军事、企业
和个人用户等多个领域，具有较好的应用前景。
实践表明，原型系统具有潜在的良好性能。由于系统设计和实现技术的局限
性，同时GIS技术也亟待进一步的发展，所以系统要运用到实践当中还有很长一
晰江大李博士李位伦我
段路要走，这也正是我们下一步工作的重点之一。
分布式GIS是一个新的研究领域，其研究与发展不仅对传统观念和传统技术带
来极大的冲击，同时也将对Gls方法学、地理信息产业、数字地球等方面的发展产
生深远影响。鉴于有关该领域的研究尚处于起步阶段，本文对分布式Gls的模型及
相关方面的问题进行了初步的探讨和研究，疏漏、偏颇之处在所难免，敬请不吝
指正。
Distributed GIS is an inevitable trend of GIS today. Distributed GIS is now encountering with many severe challenges. However, existing solutions for DGIS still have many limits and their capabilities need to be enhanced.
This dissertation focuses on how to implement a distributed geographic information system (DGIS) based on the web, and how to construct the model of distributed geographic information system, which solves not only the problem of GIS data sharing but also the problem of further GIS processing capability services.
Geographic information is the basis of the GIS. The research on expression and management of geographic information is implemented by the research on geographic spatial data model. In more sense, it's the symbol of GIS development level. Distributed geographic information is analyzed and data model of geographic spatial information is proposed. In addition, such related problems as component GIS and WebGIS technology are elaborated.
Fast navigation to distributed geographical spatial data has been the keystone of distributed GIS. Analyzing origin, concept, function, status , standa,. content and expression of the metadata, the concept of the geographic spatial metadata is proposed, and GIS data interoperability & GIS processing interoperability are elaborated in chapter 3. According to different emphasis, GIS interoperability is divided into three sorts, that is, data interoperability (technology interoperability) , processing interoperability(services interoperability) and semantic interoperability. At present, the research on GIS interoperability is more emphasized on GIS data interoperability. However, the research on processing interoperability and semantic interoperability are so far as mature. Hence, a distributed and network-based geographic spatial metadata database framework is presented.
In chapter 4, on the basis of analyzing distributed GIS services, the general concept model and the model of distributed GIS services based on Java technology are proposed. Geographic Information Services, also called GIS Services, mean geographic information and geographic information processing services.
GIS services are most appeared in the form of service chaining. Cited with some basic services, three kinds of DGIS service chaining-user defined service chaining ^
static chaining and workflow-managed service chaining-are proposed and elaborated. Some new concepts such as component registration and component meta-information are introduced. The registration model of distributed geographic component, a very important part of the service model, is proposed.
Since DGIS service system is a very complex system, a prototype implementation based on Java technologies has been developed. The prototype system just offers some basic service components, such as registration component, SRS projection component, web mapping component and address matching component. Finally, we employ multi-threaded technology to implement a prototype system, which is based on Java, and perform an analog application in city plan and management. The model of GIS services can apply to many fields such as government, military, enterprise and individual users. Therefore, it has a nice application prospect.
Practice shows that our prototype system has potential good capabilities. Because of the limits of system design and implementation technology and further development of GIS technology, there is a long way for this system to apply in the practice. It is also one of emphases of our next work.
Distributed GIS is a brand-new field in which it not only gives a great impact on traditional conception and technology but also further affects the development of GIS methodology, geographical information industry and Digital Earth. Since the research on this domain is immature, it is elementarily discussed on the model of distributed geographic information system and related problems in this dissertation. It is unavoidable to have oversights and partials in this dissertation. So criticisms on these faults will be welcomed and grea
然而现有的分布式GIS解决方案却存在很大的局限性，分布式GIS的能力有待于进
一步的提高。
本文研究的重点是探讨实现基于网络的分布式地理信息系统的方法，构造一
个分布式地理信息系统服务模型。这不仅为了解决地理信息共享，更着重于解决
深层次的地理信息处理功能服务问题。
地理信息是地理信息系统的基础，地理信息的表示和管理的研究是通过地理
空间数据模型的研究来完成的，它的研究在很大程度上标志着GIS的发展水平。
论文对分布式地理信息进行分析，提出了地理空间信息的数据模型。另外，还阐
述了组件GIS和WebGIS技术等相关问题。
分布式地理空间数据的快速导航一直是分布式GIS研究的重点。第三章，在
分析了元数据的由来、概念、作用、现状、标准、内容以及表示的基础上，给出
地理空间元数据的概念，并且重点阐述了GIS数据互操作和处理功能互操作。按
照侧重点的不同，我们把GIS互操作分成三类，即数据互操作(技术互操作)、
处理功能互操作(服务互操作)和语义互操作。目前对GIS互操作的研究多是数
据互操作方面，而处理功能互操作和语义互操作的研究还很不够成熟。我们设计
了一种基于分布式的网络环境的地理空间元数据库框架。
第四章在分析了分布式地理信息服务的基础上，提出了一般概念模型和基于
Java技术的分布式地理信息服务模型。地理信息服务，也可以称为GIS服务，就
是指提供地理信息和地理信息处理功能的服务。
地理信息服务多以服务链的形式出现，本文以一些基本服务为例，提出并重
点阐述了三种DGIS服务链--用户白定义服务链、静态服务链和工作流管理服
务链。分布式地理组件注册模型是服务模型的一个非常重要的部分，它使地理信
息服务成为可能，我们给出了分布式地理组件的注册模型。
由于DGIS服务系统是一个非常复杂的系统，我们开发了一个简单的原型系
统。原型系统只提供了一些基本服务组件：注册组件，SRS投影变换组件，Web
地图组件，地址匹配组件。地理信息系统服务模型可以应用于政府、军事、企业
和个人用户等多个领域，具有较好的应用前景。
实践表明，原型系统具有潜在的良好性能。由于系统设计和实现技术的局限
性，同时GIS技术也亟待进一步的发展，所以系统要运用到实践当中还有很长一
晰江大李博士李位伦我
段路要走，这也正是我们下一步工作的重点之一。
分布式GIS是一个新的研究领域，其研究与发展不仅对传统观念和传统技术带
来极大的冲击，同时也将对Gls方法学、地理信息产业、数字地球等方面的发展产
生深远影响。鉴于有关该领域的研究尚处于起步阶段，本文对分布式Gls的模型及
相关方面的问题进行了初步的探讨和研究，疏漏、偏颇之处在所难免，敬请不吝
指正。
Distributed GIS is an inevitable trend of GIS today. Distributed GIS is now encountering with many severe challenges. However, existing solutions for DGIS still have many limits and their capabilities need to be enhanced.
This dissertation focuses on how to implement a distributed geographic information system (DGIS) based on the web, and how to construct the model of distributed geographic information system, which solves not only the problem of GIS data sharing but also the problem of further GIS processing capability services.
Geographic information is the basis of the GIS. The research on expression and management of geographic information is implemented by the research on geographic spatial data model. In more sense, it's the symbol of GIS development level. Distributed geographic information is analyzed and data model of geographic spatial information is proposed. In addition, such related problems as component GIS and WebGIS technology are elaborated.
Fast navigation to distributed geographical spatial data has been the keystone of distributed GIS. Analyzing origin, concept, function, status , standa,. content and expression of the metadata, the concept of the geographic spatial metadata is proposed, and GIS data interoperability & GIS processing interoperability are elaborated in chapter 3. According to different emphasis, GIS interoperability is divided into three sorts, that is, data interoperability (technology interoperability) , processing interoperability(services interoperability) and semantic interoperability. At present, the research on GIS interoperability is more emphasized on GIS data interoperability. However, the research on processing interoperability and semantic interoperability are so far as mature. Hence, a distributed and network-based geographic spatial metadata database framework is presented.
In chapter 4, on the basis of analyzing distributed GIS services, the general concept model and the model of distributed GIS services based on Java technology are proposed. Geographic Information Services, also called GIS Services, mean geographic information and geographic information processing services.
GIS services are most appeared in the form of service chaining. Cited with some basic services, three kinds of DGIS service chaining-user defined service chaining ^
static chaining and workflow-managed service chaining-are proposed and elaborated. Some new concepts such as component registration and component meta-information are introduced. The registration model of distributed geographic component, a very important part of the service model, is proposed.
Since DGIS service system is a very complex system, a prototype implementation based on Java technologies has been developed. The prototype system just offers some basic service components, such as registration component, SRS projection component, web mapping component and address matching component. Finally, we employ multi-threaded technology to implement a prototype system, which is based on Java, and perform an analog application in city plan and management. The model of GIS services can apply to many fields such as government, military, enterprise and individual users. Therefore, it has a nice application prospect.
Practice shows that our prototype system has potential good capabilities. Because of the limits of system design and implementation technology and further development of GIS technology, there is a long way for this system to apply in the practice. It is also one of emphases of our next work.
Distributed GIS is a brand-new field in which it not only gives a great impact on traditional conception and technology but also further affects the development of GIS methodology, geographical information industry and Digital Earth. Since the research on this domain is immature, it is elementarily discussed on the model of distributed geographic information system and related problems in this dissertation. It is unavoidable to have oversights and partials in this dissertation. So criticisms on these faults will be welcomed and grea
引文
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