面向互操作的分布式网络地理信息系统研究
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摘要
随着GIS广泛地应用于各行各业，同时产生了大量的异质空间数据和异构GIS应用系统。如何共享这些空间信息资源和实现GIS应用之间的互操作，是一个非常迫切的问题，也是一个挑战。建立可互操作的分布式网络地理信息系统是解决问题的有效途径之一，并且分布式地理信息系统的研究一开始就十分重视GIS互操作。分布式网络地理信息系统是分布式计算技术与网络地理信息系统技术结合的产物，是GIS领域的一个重要的研究方向。
本文从GIS互操作的角度，对分布式网络地理信息系统的原理、框架体系和构建技术等展开了深入研究，主要集中在以下几个方面：
(1)针对不同应用需求的网络地理信息系统建设
WebGIS是构建分布式网络地理信息系统的基础，目前已经广泛地应用于各行各业。本文在分析WebGIS主要构建技术的基础上，结合实际的应用研究项目，探讨了不同应用需求下的WebGIS应用系统的设计和实现过程。
(2)分布式网络地理信息系统构建技术研究
用于构建分布式网络地理信息系统的方法有许多，传统的分布式对象技术方法主要有：微软的COM／DCOM、对象管理集团(OMG)的COBRA和Sun的J2EE／EJB。本文对基于传统分布式对象模型的分布式网络地理信息系统构建技术进行了深入探讨，并给出了相应的结构框架设计。同时，论文分析了传统分布式对象技术之间在跨平台互操作能力上的局限性。
(3)基于Web服务的分布式网络地理信息系统研究
Web服务是基于互联网的新一代分布式计算技术。与传统分布式对象技术相比，它具有通用数据格式、松散偶合性和高度可集成能力等跨平台互操作的优势。本文提出了基于Web服务构建分布式网络地理信息系统的新方法，并在WebGIS通用三层体系结构的基础上，设计出了一个基于Web服务的分布式网络地理信息系统的结构框架。
(4)空间数据模型和GIS服务规范研究
建立分布式网络地理信息系统的重要目的是实现空间信息资源共享和GIS互操作，其中空间数据标准和GIS服务规范的制定具有重要的意义。本文深入分析了OGC的开放地理数据模型(OGM)、简单特征规范(SFS)、地理标记语言(GML3.0)和Web服务计划(OWS)。它们是实现分布式网络环境下空间数据互操作和GIS服务互操作的基础。
(5)分布式网络地理信息系统的应用开发实例
本文结合“空间信息搜索引擎技术研究”项目，设计和实现了一个基于Web服务的分布式网络地理信息系统——空间信息Web服务系统。该应用系统通过对GeoBeans地图Web服务、ArcIMS地图Web服务、地名Web服务和投影转换
中科院遥感应用研究所博士学位论文
、V亡b服务的应用集成，为用户提供基于地名获取地图的服务，展现了跨GIS应
用系统的集成应用和互操作能力。
并且，本文结合“数字福建一空间信息共享与服务平台”建设项目，设计和
实现了一个分布式空间数据发布和共享WebGIS应用系统。它为分布的空间数据
提供集成应用环境，实现了空间数据的统一管理和异地处理能力。该应用系统的
主要功能包括本地和异地空间数据加载、空间数据的异地处理(缓冲区分析)等。
With the rapid development of GIS, vast amount of heterogeneous spatial data has been produced and lots of heterogeneous GIS applications have been established. How to share the spatial information resource and realize the interoperability between the GIS applications is very urgent, and also is a challenge. Establishing an interoperable Distributed WebGIS is an effective way to resolve the problem. And GIS interoperability has been heavily emphasized even at the beginning research of distributed WebGIS. Distributed WebGIS which combines distributed computing technology and WebGIS technology, is an important research direction of GIS.
This dissertation is focused on the research of distributed WebGIS and GIS interoperability. And its content includes following parts:
1. Developing WebGIS with different application requirements
WebGIS is the base of distributed WebGIS development. Based on the analysis of main technology of WebGIS, this dissertation discusses the design and implementation of WebGIS system with different application requirements by using real application cases.
2. Research on main technology of distributed WebGIS
There are many ways to develop a distributed WebGIS. Traditional distributing object computing technology includes COM/DCOM, COBRA and J2EE/EJB. In this dissertation, distributed WebGIS development based on traditional distributing object computing technology is discussed and a corresponding architecture design is given. In the meanwhile, this dissertation further analyses the interoperability limitations of crossing platform between them.
3. Research on Distributed WebGIS based on Web Service
Web Services, a new generation of distributing computation technology, have advantages over traditional distributing object computing technology with the properties of common data format, loosely coupled relations and strong capability of integration etc. In this dissertation, the author introduces a new method of developing a distributed WebGIS based on Web Services, and designs an architecture framework for the distributed WebGIS on the basis of common three-tier architecture of WebGIS.
4. Research on spatial data model and GIS service specification
A vital purpose of developing a distributed WebGIS is to share spatial information resources and realize GIS interoperability, and spatial data standard and GIS service specification play important roles. This dissertation discusses deeply the OGM(Open Geodata Model), SFS(Simple Feature Specification), GML(Geography
iii
Markup Language) and OWS(OpenGIS Web Services) by OGC(OpenGIS Consortium), which are the basis of spatial data interoperability and GIS service interoperability under distributing network environment. 5. Application cases of distributed WebGIS
In this dissertation, two application cases are given. The first one is Spatial Information Web Service System, a distributed WebGIS based on Web Services. This application system is part of Research on Spatial Information Search Engine project. It integrates GeoBeans Map Web Service, ArcIMS Map Web Service, Place Name Web Service and Projection Transform Web Service to provide map-searching service by place name for users. The system demonstrates its capabilities of integration and interoperability crossing GIS application systems.
Another one is Spatial Information Sharing and Services Platform for Digital Fujian project. In this project, the author designs and implements a WebGIS application system for distributed spatial data sharing and publishing. The system provides integrated application environment for distributed spatial data, with the capabilities of uniform management and remote processing of spatial data. It includes the following functions: loading spatial data locally and remotely, remote processing (e.g., buffer analysis)of spatial data etc.
本文从GIS互操作的角度，对分布式网络地理信息系统的原理、框架体系和构建技术等展开了深入研究，主要集中在以下几个方面：
(1)针对不同应用需求的网络地理信息系统建设
WebGIS是构建分布式网络地理信息系统的基础，目前已经广泛地应用于各行各业。本文在分析WebGIS主要构建技术的基础上，结合实际的应用研究项目，探讨了不同应用需求下的WebGIS应用系统的设计和实现过程。
(2)分布式网络地理信息系统构建技术研究
用于构建分布式网络地理信息系统的方法有许多，传统的分布式对象技术方法主要有：微软的COM／DCOM、对象管理集团(OMG)的COBRA和Sun的J2EE／EJB。本文对基于传统分布式对象模型的分布式网络地理信息系统构建技术进行了深入探讨，并给出了相应的结构框架设计。同时，论文分析了传统分布式对象技术之间在跨平台互操作能力上的局限性。
(3)基于Web服务的分布式网络地理信息系统研究
Web服务是基于互联网的新一代分布式计算技术。与传统分布式对象技术相比，它具有通用数据格式、松散偶合性和高度可集成能力等跨平台互操作的优势。本文提出了基于Web服务构建分布式网络地理信息系统的新方法，并在WebGIS通用三层体系结构的基础上，设计出了一个基于Web服务的分布式网络地理信息系统的结构框架。
(4)空间数据模型和GIS服务规范研究
建立分布式网络地理信息系统的重要目的是实现空间信息资源共享和GIS互操作，其中空间数据标准和GIS服务规范的制定具有重要的意义。本文深入分析了OGC的开放地理数据模型(OGM)、简单特征规范(SFS)、地理标记语言(GML3.0)和Web服务计划(OWS)。它们是实现分布式网络环境下空间数据互操作和GIS服务互操作的基础。
(5)分布式网络地理信息系统的应用开发实例
本文结合“空间信息搜索引擎技术研究”项目，设计和实现了一个基于Web服务的分布式网络地理信息系统——空间信息Web服务系统。该应用系统通过对GeoBeans地图Web服务、ArcIMS地图Web服务、地名Web服务和投影转换
中科院遥感应用研究所博士学位论文
、V亡b服务的应用集成，为用户提供基于地名获取地图的服务，展现了跨GIS应
用系统的集成应用和互操作能力。
并且，本文结合“数字福建一空间信息共享与服务平台”建设项目，设计和
实现了一个分布式空间数据发布和共享WebGIS应用系统。它为分布的空间数据
提供集成应用环境，实现了空间数据的统一管理和异地处理能力。该应用系统的
主要功能包括本地和异地空间数据加载、空间数据的异地处理(缓冲区分析)等。
With the rapid development of GIS, vast amount of heterogeneous spatial data has been produced and lots of heterogeneous GIS applications have been established. How to share the spatial information resource and realize the interoperability between the GIS applications is very urgent, and also is a challenge. Establishing an interoperable Distributed WebGIS is an effective way to resolve the problem. And GIS interoperability has been heavily emphasized even at the beginning research of distributed WebGIS. Distributed WebGIS which combines distributed computing technology and WebGIS technology, is an important research direction of GIS.
This dissertation is focused on the research of distributed WebGIS and GIS interoperability. And its content includes following parts:
1. Developing WebGIS with different application requirements
WebGIS is the base of distributed WebGIS development. Based on the analysis of main technology of WebGIS, this dissertation discusses the design and implementation of WebGIS system with different application requirements by using real application cases.
2. Research on main technology of distributed WebGIS
There are many ways to develop a distributed WebGIS. Traditional distributing object computing technology includes COM/DCOM, COBRA and J2EE/EJB. In this dissertation, distributed WebGIS development based on traditional distributing object computing technology is discussed and a corresponding architecture design is given. In the meanwhile, this dissertation further analyses the interoperability limitations of crossing platform between them.
3. Research on Distributed WebGIS based on Web Service
Web Services, a new generation of distributing computation technology, have advantages over traditional distributing object computing technology with the properties of common data format, loosely coupled relations and strong capability of integration etc. In this dissertation, the author introduces a new method of developing a distributed WebGIS based on Web Services, and designs an architecture framework for the distributed WebGIS on the basis of common three-tier architecture of WebGIS.
4. Research on spatial data model and GIS service specification
A vital purpose of developing a distributed WebGIS is to share spatial information resources and realize GIS interoperability, and spatial data standard and GIS service specification play important roles. This dissertation discusses deeply the OGM(Open Geodata Model), SFS(Simple Feature Specification), GML(Geography
iii
Markup Language) and OWS(OpenGIS Web Services) by OGC(OpenGIS Consortium), which are the basis of spatial data interoperability and GIS service interoperability under distributing network environment. 5. Application cases of distributed WebGIS
In this dissertation, two application cases are given. The first one is Spatial Information Web Service System, a distributed WebGIS based on Web Services. This application system is part of Research on Spatial Information Search Engine project. It integrates GeoBeans Map Web Service, ArcIMS Map Web Service, Place Name Web Service and Projection Transform Web Service to provide map-searching service by place name for users. The system demonstrates its capabilities of integration and interoperability crossing GIS application systems.
Another one is Spatial Information Sharing and Services Platform for Digital Fujian project. In this project, the author designs and implements a WebGIS application system for distributed spatial data sharing and publishing. The system provides integrated application environment for distributed spatial data, with the capabilities of uniform management and remote processing of spatial data. It includes the following functions: loading spatial data locally and remotely, remote processing (e.g., buffer analysis)of spatial data etc.
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