多用户共享虚拟场景框架研究与实现
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摘要
本文首先分析分布式虚拟现实关键技术,深入研究开源的OGRE图形引擎和RAKNET网络引擎,提出多用户共享虚拟场景框架的概念,用户可以使用键盘、鼠标控制在一个虚拟的场景中漫游。框架采用C/S结构和UDP传输协议,并利用场景图分级结构来组织管理虚拟场景的模型数据,通过发送状态更新消息有效的维护了共享虚拟场景的一致性。根据网络传输延时造成画面停滞的问题,提出预载入对框架进行优化。框架的实现坚持以开放源码的免费开发包为基础,大大降低了软件成本,有利于推广。
Through the study of Distributed Virtual Reality (DVR) system architecture and relevant knowledge and based on the study of OGRE and RAKNET, a multi-user shared virtual scene framework is developed and implemented in this dissertation, The C/S structure and UDP protocol are adopted. The users can walk in the same virtual scene with the control of mouse and keyboard. Shared Virtual Scene management component adopts scene graph to make an effective maintenance of virtual scene database, state update message is used to keep the consistency in virtual scene. For reducing latency, the Pre-fetching mechanism and the multi-threaded mechanism are introduced. Because of the basis of open resources, the software cost of the whole system is cut short and it can be widely used.
Through the study of Distributed Virtual Reality (DVR) system architecture and relevant knowledge and based on the study of OGRE and RAKNET, a multi-user shared virtual scene framework is developed and implemented in this dissertation, The C/S structure and UDP protocol are adopted. The users can walk in the same virtual scene with the control of mouse and keyboard. Shared Virtual Scene management component adopts scene graph to make an effective maintenance of virtual scene database, state update message is used to keep the consistency in virtual scene. For reducing latency, the Pre-fetching mechanism and the multi-threaded mechanism are introduced. Because of the basis of open resources, the software cost of the whole system is cut short and it can be widely used.
引文
[1]巫影.虚拟现实技术综述[J].计算机与数字工程,2002(30)
[2]庞辽军.多用户共享虚拟环境应用平台[D].西安电子科技大学,2003.1
[3]Yasuaki,Honda,Mitra.Living World-Making VRML 2.0 Applications Interpersonal and Interoperable,1997
[4]何红梅,王兆其,陈小武.DVENET应用程序框架的设计与实现[J].计算机研究与发展,1998
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[7]Akenine-M(o|¨)ller,Thomas,and Eric Haines,2002,Real-time rendering Second edition,A K Peters.
[8]廖爱国.虚拟现实平台的研究与开发[D].同济大学,2006.3
[9]Burns.D,Osfield.R.Open Scene Graph A:Introduction,B:Examples and Applications.IEEE Virtual Reality p.265-265,2004
[10]A.Bueschenfeld.Real-time Rendering In A Pc-cluster Environment Provided By OpenSG.University of Applied Sciences,2005.10
[11]刘晓华,张三元.基于开源图形库的游戏引擎研究与实现[D].浙江大学,2006.5
[12]李雪殚.基于WTK的分布式虚拟环境的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2006.5
[13]Don Brutzman,Mike Zyda and Kent Watsen.Virtual Reality Transfer Protocol Design Rationale.WETICE.June 18-20 1997
[14]Wolfgang Broll.DWTP - An Internet Protocol For Shared Virtual Environments.GMD.2000
[15]Singha,S.,and M.Zyda.Networked Virtual Environments,New York,ACM Press,Addison-Wesley,1999
[16]Li Qi-cheng,Wang Guo-ping.High-extensible scene graph framework based on component techniques.Department of Computer Science&Technology.2006.5
[17]Martin Naef,Edouard Lamboray,Oliver Staadt,Markus Gross,"The blue-c Distributed Scene Graph",The Eurographics Association 2003
[18]潘志庚,张明敏,石教英.分布式虚拟环境综述[J].软件学报,2000.11:461-467
[19]高大鹏,分布式虚拟现实软件平台的搭建研究[D].电子科技大学,2004.1
[20]杨孟洲,潘志庚,石教英.分布式虚拟现实系统体系结构[J].计算机应用研 究,2000,(7):1-3,22
[21]王焱,吴威,赵沁平.基于Internet的多用户共享虚拟环境框架的研究[J].计算机研究与发展,2002.3
[22]Ogre3D,January 2005,http://www.ogre3d.org/
[23]Blair MacIntyre,Steven Feiner.A Distributed 3D Graphics Library.SIGGRAPH,2006
[24]Gregory Junker.Pro OGRE 3D Programming:Leverage the Power of Modern Real-Time Hardware-Accelerated 3D Graphics with the Best-in-Class 3D Graphics Library,2006
[25]高嵩.基于OGRE和ODE的驾驶模拟系统的设计与实现[D].武汉理工大学.2006.4
[26]Mage 小组.OGRE(O-O Graphics Rendering Engine)使用指南,V0.01a.http://www.173d8.com,2003.4
[27]OGRE Manual vl.2.0.[2006-4-3],http://www.ogre3d.org/docs/manual/
[28]Denis Gracanin,Yunxian Zhou,and Luiz A.Quality of Servie for Networked Virtual Environments.IEEE Communications Magazihe,2004.4
[29]Rakkarsoft L.L.C.,December 2004.http://www.rakkarsoft.com/
[30]S.Singhal and M.Zyda,Networked Virtual Environments:Design and Implement ation,Addison-Wesley,Reading,MA,1999
[31]常波,钟家骐.分布式虚拟现实系统研究及其设计[D].电子科技大学,2004.5
[32]沈春龙,张友良.基于VRML的多用户共享虚拟环境框架研究[J].系统仿真学报,2001.7
[33]Conner,Brook and Loring Holden,Providing A Low Latency User Experience In A High Latency Application,1997,Proceedings of the 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Games,1997
[34]Burkhard C.Wunsche,Blazej Kot.A Framework for Game Engine Based Visualisations.University of Auckland,2004
[35]易竞,李学军.一种基于微机平台的分布式虚拟战场环境数据管理[J],装备指挥技术学院学报,2005.2
[2]庞辽军.多用户共享虚拟环境应用平台[D].西安电子科技大学,2003.1
[3]Yasuaki,Honda,Mitra.Living World-Making VRML 2.0 Applications Interpersonal and Interoperable,1997
[4]何红梅,王兆其,陈小武.DVENET应用程序框架的设计与实现[J].计算机研究与发展,1998
[5]潘志庚,蒋纯等.大规模分布式虚拟环境[J].计算机世界,1998(42)
[6]陈路,熊光泽.3D游戏引擎技术-大规模场景实时图形渲染的研究与实现[D].电子科技大学,2005.5
[7]Akenine-M(o|¨)ller,Thomas,and Eric Haines,2002,Real-time rendering Second edition,A K Peters.
[8]廖爱国.虚拟现实平台的研究与开发[D].同济大学,2006.3
[9]Burns.D,Osfield.R.Open Scene Graph A:Introduction,B:Examples and Applications.IEEE Virtual Reality p.265-265,2004
[10]A.Bueschenfeld.Real-time Rendering In A Pc-cluster Environment Provided By OpenSG.University of Applied Sciences,2005.10
[11]刘晓华,张三元.基于开源图形库的游戏引擎研究与实现[D].浙江大学,2006.5
[12]李雪殚.基于WTK的分布式虚拟环境的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学,2006.5
[13]Don Brutzman,Mike Zyda and Kent Watsen.Virtual Reality Transfer Protocol Design Rationale.WETICE.June 18-20 1997
[14]Wolfgang Broll.DWTP - An Internet Protocol For Shared Virtual Environments.GMD.2000
[15]Singha,S.,and M.Zyda.Networked Virtual Environments,New York,ACM Press,Addison-Wesley,1999
[16]Li Qi-cheng,Wang Guo-ping.High-extensible scene graph framework based on component techniques.Department of Computer Science&Technology.2006.5
[17]Martin Naef,Edouard Lamboray,Oliver Staadt,Markus Gross,"The blue-c Distributed Scene Graph",The Eurographics Association 2003
[18]潘志庚,张明敏,石教英.分布式虚拟环境综述[J].软件学报,2000.11:461-467
[19]高大鹏,分布式虚拟现实软件平台的搭建研究[D].电子科技大学,2004.1
[20]杨孟洲,潘志庚,石教英.分布式虚拟现实系统体系结构[J].计算机应用研 究,2000,(7):1-3,22
[21]王焱,吴威,赵沁平.基于Internet的多用户共享虚拟环境框架的研究[J].计算机研究与发展,2002.3
[22]Ogre3D,January 2005,http://www.ogre3d.org/
[23]Blair MacIntyre,Steven Feiner.A Distributed 3D Graphics Library.SIGGRAPH,2006
[24]Gregory Junker.Pro OGRE 3D Programming:Leverage the Power of Modern Real-Time Hardware-Accelerated 3D Graphics with the Best-in-Class 3D Graphics Library,2006
[25]高嵩.基于OGRE和ODE的驾驶模拟系统的设计与实现[D].武汉理工大学.2006.4
[26]Mage 小组.OGRE(O-O Graphics Rendering Engine)使用指南,V0.01a.http://www.173d8.com,2003.4
[27]OGRE Manual vl.2.0.[2006-4-3],http://www.ogre3d.org/docs/manual/
[28]Denis Gracanin,Yunxian Zhou,and Luiz A.Quality of Servie for Networked Virtual Environments.IEEE Communications Magazihe,2004.4
[29]Rakkarsoft L.L.C.,December 2004.http://www.rakkarsoft.com/
[30]S.Singhal and M.Zyda,Networked Virtual Environments:Design and Implement ation,Addison-Wesley,Reading,MA,1999
[31]常波,钟家骐.分布式虚拟现实系统研究及其设计[D].电子科技大学,2004.5
[32]沈春龙,张友良.基于VRML的多用户共享虚拟环境框架研究[J].系统仿真学报,2001.7
[33]Conner,Brook and Loring Holden,Providing A Low Latency User Experience In A High Latency Application,1997,Proceedings of the 1997 Symposium on Interactive 3D Games,1997
[34]Burkhard C.Wunsche,Blazej Kot.A Framework for Game Engine Based Visualisations.University of Auckland,2004
[35]易竞,李学军.一种基于微机平台的分布式虚拟战场环境数据管理[J],装备指挥技术学院学报,2005.2