多山地区农网架空线路故障定位技术研究
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摘要
目前的农村电网线路分支繁多、运行方式复杂,单相接地和短路故障多发,而线路故障定位大部分依靠原始人工巡线的方式,费时费力且难以保证供电系统的安全稳定运行,供电可靠率较低。随着电力系统自动化程度的不断提高,对线路故障的定位也提出了新的要求。
本文结合云南文山电力公司辖区内10kV农网架空线路的实际情况,在深入研究国内外电力线路故障定位技术基础上,针对农网架空线路多发的单相接地及短路故障,配合自行设计的故障点位置编码技术,构建了实时有效的架空线路故障定位系统。该系统利用成熟的故障检测技术实现对架空线路故障的准确检测,并对故障点处的线杆位置进行编码,以电力线载波通信方式传输编码信号,在接收端由FPGA构建载波信号处理系统,还原出位置编码,从而实现故障点的定位、显示及实时报警。
相对于传统的故障定位技术,本文采用的故障位置编码方式,克服了阻抗法、行波法测得结果为故障点相对检测点的距离,不适用于结构复杂、支路繁多的农村电网这一缺点;将低压线路中广泛应用、技术成熟但因信道原因而导致问题繁多的电力线载波通信技术应用到10kV中压线路;信号接收端以FPGA为载体构建系统,采用软件硬件化的技术路线,以纯硬件模式进行数据存储、信息处理和串口传输模块的设计,充分保证了系统的实时性。
文章第一部分绪论从常见的架空线路故障定位技术入手,讨论了各种方法优缺点及各自适用范围、分析国内外研究现状的基础上,并指出了现行故障定位技术应用于多山地区10kV农网架空线路时存在的问题,进而引出了一种利用改进的故障定位技术而构建的故障定位系统,二三章为第二部分,对采用的电力线载波和FPGA嵌入式技术进行了介绍,第三部分是文章的四五章,详细阐述了系统的软硬件设计,第六章为最后一部分,总结全文并展望未来。
本文结合昆明理工大学研究生创新基金科研课题“10KV农网架空线路故障定位装置设计”,构建了适于多山地区农网架空线路实际运行情况的故障定位系统,文章所进行的研究与应用可为类似的区域的线路故障的定位、检测提供良好的借鉴,具有一定的现实意义和实用价值。
At present, the single-phase earth and the short circuit faults always occur in the countryside power system with many branch lines and complex condition. But the fault localization mainly dependences on the primitive artificial patrol along the transmission line, which is hard sledding and time-consuming, and also can hardly guarantee the security and stability of the power supply system which will result in the poor reliability of the power supply. With the improving of the automatic degree of power system, the new request to the fault localization is also increasing.
On the basis of thoroughly studies in the domestic and foreign technology on the fault localization of the power circuit, this article combines the actual situation of the 10 thousand volt power system belonged to Yunnan province Wenshan electric power company with the single-phase earth and the short circuit faults condition, constructs a real-time and efficient fault localization system for overhead line with independent technology of self-coding to fault point. The system makes use of mature fault localization technology to measures the fault point accurately, encodes the position the line pole near to the fault point, carries on the codes to the information receiver through the power line. Then the FPGA system which composes the receiver will process the signal transmitted through the power line, revert the position code and realize the localization, demonstration and real-time report of the fault point.
Compared with traditional fault localization technology, the fault position encoding method used in this paper overcame the shortcoming of impedance and traveling wave method which have only obtained the distance between the fault point and measurement point and were not suitable for the countryside power system with many branch lines and complex condition. The system in the paper applied the power line carrier method which has been widely used on low pressure transmission line but had many problems because of the bad channel environment to the 10 thousand volt middle pressure transmission line. At the receiving part, we applied the Field Programmable Gate Array to form the receiver system. The technical route of hardware-based software programming was adopted and also the data storage, information processing and the serial port transmission module were designed with the pure hardware mode, which has guaranteed that the system was fully real-time.
The first part of the article was introduction, which began with the analysis to the common overhead line fault localization technology. We discussed the short-and-long and applicable scope of each method, analyzed the domestic and foreign research status quo and presented this new system designed in the paper after pointing out the questions of present fault localization technology existed in the 10 thousand volt middle pressure transmission line in the multi-mountainous region area. The second and the third chapter formed the second part of the paper, which introduced the power line carrier and the FPGA embedded technology applied in the paper. The third part was composed with the fourth and the fifth chapters. In this part, we elaborated in software and hardware design of the whole system. The last part, also the sixth chapter of the article, summarized the whole text and forecasted the future of the fault localization technology.
This article is linked to one of the innovation fund tasks for graduated students of Kunming University of Science and Technology—"The Design of fault localization device on the 10 thousand volt middle pressure transmission line". The research and application carried on in this article may provide a good model and contribute to the fault localization and detection for the similar region and would have certain practical significance.
本文结合云南文山电力公司辖区内10kV农网架空线路的实际情况,在深入研究国内外电力线路故障定位技术基础上,针对农网架空线路多发的单相接地及短路故障,配合自行设计的故障点位置编码技术,构建了实时有效的架空线路故障定位系统。该系统利用成熟的故障检测技术实现对架空线路故障的准确检测,并对故障点处的线杆位置进行编码,以电力线载波通信方式传输编码信号,在接收端由FPGA构建载波信号处理系统,还原出位置编码,从而实现故障点的定位、显示及实时报警。
相对于传统的故障定位技术,本文采用的故障位置编码方式,克服了阻抗法、行波法测得结果为故障点相对检测点的距离,不适用于结构复杂、支路繁多的农村电网这一缺点;将低压线路中广泛应用、技术成熟但因信道原因而导致问题繁多的电力线载波通信技术应用到10kV中压线路;信号接收端以FPGA为载体构建系统,采用软件硬件化的技术路线,以纯硬件模式进行数据存储、信息处理和串口传输模块的设计,充分保证了系统的实时性。
文章第一部分绪论从常见的架空线路故障定位技术入手,讨论了各种方法优缺点及各自适用范围、分析国内外研究现状的基础上,并指出了现行故障定位技术应用于多山地区10kV农网架空线路时存在的问题,进而引出了一种利用改进的故障定位技术而构建的故障定位系统,二三章为第二部分,对采用的电力线载波和FPGA嵌入式技术进行了介绍,第三部分是文章的四五章,详细阐述了系统的软硬件设计,第六章为最后一部分,总结全文并展望未来。
本文结合昆明理工大学研究生创新基金科研课题“10KV农网架空线路故障定位装置设计”,构建了适于多山地区农网架空线路实际运行情况的故障定位系统,文章所进行的研究与应用可为类似的区域的线路故障的定位、检测提供良好的借鉴,具有一定的现实意义和实用价值。
At present, the single-phase earth and the short circuit faults always occur in the countryside power system with many branch lines and complex condition. But the fault localization mainly dependences on the primitive artificial patrol along the transmission line, which is hard sledding and time-consuming, and also can hardly guarantee the security and stability of the power supply system which will result in the poor reliability of the power supply. With the improving of the automatic degree of power system, the new request to the fault localization is also increasing.
On the basis of thoroughly studies in the domestic and foreign technology on the fault localization of the power circuit, this article combines the actual situation of the 10 thousand volt power system belonged to Yunnan province Wenshan electric power company with the single-phase earth and the short circuit faults condition, constructs a real-time and efficient fault localization system for overhead line with independent technology of self-coding to fault point. The system makes use of mature fault localization technology to measures the fault point accurately, encodes the position the line pole near to the fault point, carries on the codes to the information receiver through the power line. Then the FPGA system which composes the receiver will process the signal transmitted through the power line, revert the position code and realize the localization, demonstration and real-time report of the fault point.
Compared with traditional fault localization technology, the fault position encoding method used in this paper overcame the shortcoming of impedance and traveling wave method which have only obtained the distance between the fault point and measurement point and were not suitable for the countryside power system with many branch lines and complex condition. The system in the paper applied the power line carrier method which has been widely used on low pressure transmission line but had many problems because of the bad channel environment to the 10 thousand volt middle pressure transmission line. At the receiving part, we applied the Field Programmable Gate Array to form the receiver system. The technical route of hardware-based software programming was adopted and also the data storage, information processing and the serial port transmission module were designed with the pure hardware mode, which has guaranteed that the system was fully real-time.
The first part of the article was introduction, which began with the analysis to the common overhead line fault localization technology. We discussed the short-and-long and applicable scope of each method, analyzed the domestic and foreign research status quo and presented this new system designed in the paper after pointing out the questions of present fault localization technology existed in the 10 thousand volt middle pressure transmission line in the multi-mountainous region area. The second and the third chapter formed the second part of the paper, which introduced the power line carrier and the FPGA embedded technology applied in the paper. The third part was composed with the fourth and the fifth chapters. In this part, we elaborated in software and hardware design of the whole system. The last part, also the sixth chapter of the article, summarized the whole text and forecasted the future of the fault localization technology.
This article is linked to one of the innovation fund tasks for graduated students of Kunming University of Science and Technology—"The Design of fault localization device on the 10 thousand volt middle pressure transmission line". The research and application carried on in this article may provide a good model and contribute to the fault localization and detection for the similar region and would have certain practical significance.
引文
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[5]AIEE Committee Report.Bibliography and summary of fault location methods.IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and System,1956,75(2):1423-1428.
[6]Bao Lian,M.M.A.Salama.An overview of the digital fault location algorithms for the power transmission line protection based on the steady-state phasor approaches.Electric machines and power systems,1996,24:83-115.
[7]董新洲,葛耀中.一种使用两端电气量的高压输电线路故障测距算法[J].电力系统自动化,1995.19(8):47-53.
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[9]孙立山,陈学允.使用两端电气量故障测距算法的研究.继电器,1999,27(3):10-13.
[10]束洪春,陈学允,许承斌.多端辐射状输电线路故障测距的一种实用算法[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(2):21-25.
[11]王元昌.小电流接地系统单相接地故障检测探讨[J].中国电力,2001,34(7):63-65.
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[13]王慧,范正林,桑在中.“S注入法”与选线定位.电力自动化设备,1999,Vol.19(3):35-39.
[14]桑在中,张慧芬.用注入法实现小电流接地系统单相接地选线保护.电力系统自动化,1996.Vol.20(2):11-13.
[15]杨家兴,束洪春,蔡武卫等.基于人工神经网络的输电线路单端故障测距方法.云南电力技术,2000年第4期,Vol28:20-25.
[16]顾雪平,盛四清等.电力系统故障诊断神经网络专家系统的一种实现方式.电力系统自动化,1995,19(9):26-29.
[17]肖健,王渺.一种应用于配电网络故障定位的混合算法.电力系统自动化,2000,24(8):57-60.
[18]“Litemapper 5600-电力输送线路故障检测的良器”http://www.gisky.com/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=473 2006.11.29.
[19]新型的输电线路故障检测信息系统,农村电气化,2003,第12期:国外点滴
[20]“法国开发出架空配电线路故障检测仪”http://www.c114.net/news/50/a52902.html.2008.2.21
[21]“经过20年研究 我国攻克电力线路故障定位难题”http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2007-02/24/content_532739.htm
[22]黑龙江省电力工业局企业标准,黑龙江省电力网调度规程Q/032-102-1995
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