用户名: 密码: 验证码:
基于负荷预测的变电站电压无功综合控制的研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
在变电站电压无功的综合控制中,有载调压变压器和补偿电容器是重要的研究对象至于之一。论文主要研究变电站的电压/无功控制决策问题,为了确定一天24小时内合适的有载调压变压器分接头位置和并联电容器投切状态,提出一种基于人工神经网络的无功负荷预测和进化规划优化决策相结合的变电站电压和无功的综合控制决策。首先,建立径向基函数神经网络(RBFN)的短期负荷预测的模型,利用RBF神经网络的非线性逼近能力,预测出一天24小时的整点平均负荷值,为了得到合理的径向基函数中心参数,在本文中引入了减聚类算法,用来指导聚类学习,将具有一定相似度的样本归类为一组,此后通过一个聚类自动终止判据控制聚类的个数,这样即可确定比较合适的RBF径向基函数的参数,又可提高网络映射精度。因此提高了学习性能,具有较好的预测精度。然后,建立变电站电压无功控制的数学模型,考虑电压的调压要求和无功功率平衡,计及变压器变比和并联补偿电容的上下限约束,变压器分接头和电容器允许的日调节次数的限制,以电压偏差的平方和最小为目标函数。由于预先预测出无功负荷,提前了解了无功功率变化的趋势,可以有助于判定低压母线电压变化是由无功负荷变化引起还是由高压侧电压变化引起,从而适时决定是调有载调压变压器分接头还是投切电容器,以此避免了盲目和不充分的调节,实现在保证无功基本平衡和电压合格率的前提下,减少有载调压变压器分接头的调节和并联电容器组的投切次数。在对优化的具体实现过程中,由于进化规划着眼于整个整体的进化,对于所求解的优化问题无可微性要求,采用随机搜索技术,能以较大的概率求解全局最优解的特点,针对电压无功控制模型是一个多限制、多目标、非线性、离散的优化控制问题,因此应用进化规划算法进行模型的求解。
This paper mainly discusses a control method of substation voltage and reactive power .In order to get suitable decision for one day 24 hours tap-transformer's step switch and shunt capacitor switch, an approach of substation voltage and reactive power control on the basis of the combination of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) reactive power forecasting and evolutionary programming optimal decision-making is put forward. Firstly, Radial Basis Function Network(RBFN) is applied in short-term load forecasting ,it is abtained one-day 24 hours average load values based on nonlinear approximation capability of RBF neural network. In this paper ,subtractive clustering method is introduced for proper RBF centers, thus direct training the network, control the number of clustering by using automatical end-criterion, RBFN can obtain both the parameters of the neurons and the number of the hidden neurons, also can improve network inflection accuracy. The RBF network has a better performance, and better forecasting accuracy .Then mathematical model of substation Voltage/Var control is constructed, the squares minimization of Voltage differences as target, also considering requirement of Voltage and power balance, taking it into consideration that the magnitude constraint of transformer ratio and compensating capacitor, also that constraint of operation times of one day transformer tap and capacitor switch. Because of forecasting reactive load at first, it can detect the change of voltage at low-voltage bus from the change of reactive load or the change of voltage at high-voltage bus, then it can decide that adjusting transformer tap or capacitor switch, and avoid blindly and deficient adjusting. On the condition the reactive power is balanced and voltage qualified, it can realize the switching times of loaded taps and capacitors being efficiently decreased. Aimed at multiple-limit, multiple-object, non-linear, discrete of Voltage/Var optimization and control, on account of whole evolution of evolutionary programming, no demand for differentiability of optimal function, and random search, it can obtain global optimum with mayor probability, this paper solve optimal function with evolutionary programming.
引文
[1] 厉吉文,潘贞存等,变电所电压无功自动调节判据的研究,中国电力,1995(7):12~16.
    [2] 许业清,实用无功补偿技术,中国科学技术大学出版社,1998.
    [3] T.J.E.米勒,电力系统无功功率控制,水利电力出版社,1990.
    [4] 杨争林,孙雅明,基于ANN的变电站电压和无功综合自动控制.电力系统自动化,1999,Vol.23,No.13:10~13.
    [5]Hsu Y Y,Lu F C, A Conbined Artificial Neural Network-fuzzy Gynamic Programming Approach to Reactive Power/voltage Control in a Distributed Substation,IEEE Trans. on Power System,1998.Vol.13,No.4:1265~1271.
    [6] 段海峰,李兴源,宋永华, 一种基于模糊逻辑的电压无功控制策略,电力系统自动化,1997,Vol.21,No.6:23~26.
    [7]Abdul-Rahman K H,Shahidehpour S M,An Approach to Optimal Var Control with Fuzzy Reactive Loads,IEEE Trans. on Power System,1995,Vol.10,No.1:88~97.
    [8]周忠福,高曙等, 基于模糊神经网络的变电站电压/无功控制方法,现代电力, 1998(12):13~18.
    [9]陈爱东,龚乐年,模糊动态规划再变电站电压无功控制中的应用,电网技术,2001,Vol.25,No.6:29~32.
    [10]Lu F C ,Hsu Y Y,Fuzzy Dynamic Programming Approach to Reactive Power/Voltage Control in a Distribution Substation ,IEEE Trans. on Power System,1997,Vol.12,No.2:668~681.
    [11] 黄益庄,王蕾,吕文哲.高压变电站电压和无功的关联分散控制,电力系统自动化,1998,Vol.22,No.10:63~66.
    [12]阎平凡,张长水,人工神经网络与模拟进化计算,清华大学出版社,1999.
    [13]Park D C,EI-sharkawi M A,Marks R T,Electric Load Forecasting Using an Artificial Neural Network,IEEE Trans. on Power System,1991,Vol.6,No.2:442~449.
    [14]张智星,孙春在等,神经-模糊和软计算,2000,西安交通大学出版社.
    [15]从爽,神经网络-模糊控制系统及其运动控制中的应用,中国科学技术大学出版社,2001.
    [16]吴宗敏,函数的径向基表示,数学进展,1998,Vol.27,No.3:202~208.
    [17]]Henrique Steinherz Hippert,Carlos Eduardo Pedreira,Neural Networks for Short-Term Load Forecasting:A Review and Evaluation ,IEEETrans. on Power Systems,2001,Vol.16,No.1:44~55.
    [18]Chiu S L,Fuzzy Model Identification Based on Cluster Estimation,Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy System,1994,Vol .l2.No.3:1240~1245.
    [19]王洪斌,杨香兰等,一种改进的RBF神经网络学习算法,系统过程与电子技术,2002,
    
    Vol.24.No.6:103~105.
    [20]甘文泉,王朝晖,胡保生,结合神经网络和模糊专家系统进行电力短期负荷预测,西安交通大学学报,1998,Vol.32,No.3:28~30.
    [21]陈涛、蒋林、屈梁生,基于正交最小二乘学习算法的径向基函数网络设计,中国机械工程,Vol.l8,No.6:95~97.
    [22]Zbigniew Gontar,Nikos Hatziargyriou,Short-term Forecasting with Radial Basis Function Network,IEEE porto power Tech Conference,2001,1145~1151.
    [23]张涛,赵登福等,基于RBF神经网络和专家系统的短期负荷预测方法,西安交通大学学报,2001,Vol.35,No.4:331~334.
    [24]牛东晓,曹树华等,电力负荷预测技术及其应用,1998,中国电力出版社。
    [25]K Y Lee,Y T Cha,and J H Park,Short-term Load Forecasting Using an Artificial Neural Network,IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,1992,Vol.7,No.1:125~132.
    [26]姜勇,卢毅,基于相似日的神经网络短期负荷预测方法.电力系统及其自动化学报,2001,Vol.13,No.6:35~40.
    [27]Yoo H,Pimmel R L,Short-term Load Forecasting Using a Self-adaptive Neural Network,IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,1999,Vol.14,No.2:779~784.
    [28]S.Osowski and K.Siwek,Regularisation ofnueral networks for improved load forrecasting in the power system,IEE Proc.-Gener. Transm..Distrib. 2002,Vol.149,No.3:340~344.
    [29]周佃民,管晓宏等,基于神经网络的电力系统短期负荷预测研究,电网技术,2002,Vol.26,No.2:12~14.
    [30]陈耀武,汪乐宇等,基于组合神经网络的短期负荷预测模型,中国电机工程学报,2001,Vol.21,No.4:79~92.
    [31]楼顺天,施阳,基于MATLAB的相同分析与设计—神经网络,西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
    [32]姚新,陈国良,徐惠敏等.进化算法研究进展,计算机学报,1995,Vol.18,No.9:694~706.
    [33]D B Fogel,L J Fogel,J W A tmar,Meta-evolutionary programming,IEEE Trans. on neural networks. 1991:540~545.
    [34]]李敏强,寇纪凇等,遗传算法的基本理论与应用,科学技术出版社,2002.
    [35]褚蕾蕾,陈绥阳,周梦,计算智能得数学基础,科学出版社,2002.
    [36]Chengjian Wei,Susu Yao,Zhenya He,A modified evolutionary programming,IEEE Trans. on neural networks. 1996,Vol.3,No.2:135~138.
    [37]王正志,薄清,进化计算,国防科技大学出版社,2000.
    
    
    [38]林丹,李敏强,寇纪凇.进化规划和进化策略中变异算子的若干研究,天津大学学报,2000,Vol.33,No5:627~630.
    [39]熊信银,吴耀武,遗传算法及其在电力系统中的应用,华中科技大学出版社,2002.
    [40]王梅义,吴竞昌,蒙定中,大电网系统技术,中国电力出版社,1995.
    [41]王辉,楚国良,基于SCADA系统的变电站电压无功综合控制,中国电机工程学报.2002,Vol.22,No.5:57~59.
    [42]苏建元,王柏林,洪佩孙,变电站电压无功优化控制器,河海理工大学学报,1998,Vol.26,No.4:107~110.
    [43]Roytelm an I,Wee B K,Luugtu R L,Volt/var Control Algorithm for Modern Distribution Management System,IEEE Trans. on Power System,1995,Vol.10,No.3:1454~1460.
    [44]赵登福,司吉吉,新型变电站电压无功综合控制装置的研究,电网技术,2000,Vol.24 ,No.6:14~18.
    [45]N.D.Hatziargyriou,T.S.Karakatsanis,Toward on-line optimal reactive power scheduling using ANN memory model based method,IEEE Power Engineer Society 1999 Winter meeting ,1999,844-848.
    [46]丁恰,李乃湖,武寒,电压无功功率优化控制中的不可行问题的研究.电网技术,1999,Vol.23 ,No.9:19~22.
    [47]石立宝,徐国禹,基于自适应进化规划的电网多目标优化运行,中国电机工程学报,2000,Vol.20,No.8:31~36.
    [48]Libai Shi,Guoyu Xu,Zhiming Hua,A new heuristic evolutionary programming and its application in solution of the optimal power flow I. Primary principle of heuristic evolutionary programming,IEEE Trans. on Power System,1998,762~766.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700