沥青路面纵向裂缝扩展的数值模拟分析
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摘要
随着全国公路建设事业的飞速发展,沥青路面作为一种高级路面结构形式,以其表面平整、无接缝、行车舒适、耐磨、震动小、噪音低、施工期短、养护维修简便和适宜于分期修建等优点得到了广泛的应用,业已成为道路铺面的主要类型。但沥青路面常见病害多而复杂。其中各种原因导致产生的裂缝是沥青路面早期破坏的主要形式之一。国内外有关学者和道路工作人员对疲劳裂缝、低温裂缝及反射裂缝已经做了较多的研究和评价,也取得了比较完善的成果。但道路表面纵向裂缝,即自路表向下扩展裂缝,近年来随着交通运输的发展,其对路面造成的损害日益突出。这一问题已经开始引起国内外道路工作者越来越多的关注。
本文通过大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,针对沥青路面纵向裂缝的各种影响因素,选取荷载、沥青面层的厚度及弹性模量、基层的厚度及弹性模量板厚、裂缝深度等参数作为计算变量,对裂缝尖端的等价I型强度因子进行计算,计算分析了沥青路面各参数对沥青路面纵向裂缝扩展的影响规律,为沥青路面的设计与维护提供了参考。
Asphalt pavement has many Advantages,such as formation surface, without joints,driving comfort,wear-resistant rub,small vibration,low noise,short construction period,simple maintenance and suitable for construction in phases, etc. So at home and abroad a number of high-grade highway asphalt type surface forms has been adopted .Asphalt pavement has become the main types of road pavement. However, asphalt pavement and more common and complex diseases. A variety of reasons which lead to cracks in the asphalt pavement is an early one of the main forms of damage. The people have been aware of cracks in roads into the following four typical patterns: (a)fatigue crack,(b) reflective crack,(c)low-temperature cracks, (d)the expansion of the vertical cracks. Domestic and foreign scholars and staff of road fatigue cracks in low-temperature cracking and reflective cracking has been done more research and evaluation,also made a fairly complete results. However,in recent years, with the development of transport, vertical cracks in asphalt pavement caused by damage to the roads have become increasingly prominent. This problem has begun to attract domestic and foreign road workers more and more attention.
Therefore,this article mainly on asphalt pavement structure of the study, the use of fracture mechanics theory, from the traffic load, road structure parameters, the depth of cracks in different perspectives, research analysis of longitudinal cracks in asphalt pavement to expand the law of the road for the future design, construction and maintenance to provide a reference,has an important practical significance.
The full text includes five chapters. The first chapter discusses the research background and significance, both at home and abroad on different types of road crack research methods, results.Because of vertical cracks in asphalt pavement due to the expansion of the current status of the study less, so the authors advanced the main task this paper.Chapter II, from the basic concepts of fracture mechanics approach, introduced the basic types of cracks, the singularity of crack tip stress field and displacement field, the judge theory based on crack-related complex. Chapter III, first of all, combined with the engineering characteristics of asphalt pavement, the author use the finite element software model of the road to budget the sizes. then the author successly continued to introduced a singular unit, to establish a three-dimensional model of asphalt pavement withVertical cracks. Finally, the authors used the standard three-point bending test specimen to verify the two different calculation methods. By comparing the obtained results, the author obtained the result that J integral method results more precise. Chapter IV, first of all,the authors calculated the stress distribution of the road with traffic load. And the anthor came to the conclusion that vertical cracks in asphalt pavement is the direct cause of the shear stress caused by car, rather than tensile stress. Based on traffic load, the depth of cracks in the road structure parameters as variables .The author calculated and analysed the change of crack tip intensity factor, pointed out the law that the vertical cracks expand in asphalt pavement. Chapter V,the author summarizes the content of the full text. he also pointed out that the next step needs to improve and add content.
本文通过大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,针对沥青路面纵向裂缝的各种影响因素,选取荷载、沥青面层的厚度及弹性模量、基层的厚度及弹性模量板厚、裂缝深度等参数作为计算变量,对裂缝尖端的等价I型强度因子进行计算,计算分析了沥青路面各参数对沥青路面纵向裂缝扩展的影响规律,为沥青路面的设计与维护提供了参考。
Asphalt pavement has many Advantages,such as formation surface, without joints,driving comfort,wear-resistant rub,small vibration,low noise,short construction period,simple maintenance and suitable for construction in phases, etc. So at home and abroad a number of high-grade highway asphalt type surface forms has been adopted .Asphalt pavement has become the main types of road pavement. However, asphalt pavement and more common and complex diseases. A variety of reasons which lead to cracks in the asphalt pavement is an early one of the main forms of damage. The people have been aware of cracks in roads into the following four typical patterns: (a)fatigue crack,(b) reflective crack,(c)low-temperature cracks, (d)the expansion of the vertical cracks. Domestic and foreign scholars and staff of road fatigue cracks in low-temperature cracking and reflective cracking has been done more research and evaluation,also made a fairly complete results. However,in recent years, with the development of transport, vertical cracks in asphalt pavement caused by damage to the roads have become increasingly prominent. This problem has begun to attract domestic and foreign road workers more and more attention.
Therefore,this article mainly on asphalt pavement structure of the study, the use of fracture mechanics theory, from the traffic load, road structure parameters, the depth of cracks in different perspectives, research analysis of longitudinal cracks in asphalt pavement to expand the law of the road for the future design, construction and maintenance to provide a reference,has an important practical significance.
The full text includes five chapters. The first chapter discusses the research background and significance, both at home and abroad on different types of road crack research methods, results.Because of vertical cracks in asphalt pavement due to the expansion of the current status of the study less, so the authors advanced the main task this paper.Chapter II, from the basic concepts of fracture mechanics approach, introduced the basic types of cracks, the singularity of crack tip stress field and displacement field, the judge theory based on crack-related complex. Chapter III, first of all, combined with the engineering characteristics of asphalt pavement, the author use the finite element software model of the road to budget the sizes. then the author successly continued to introduced a singular unit, to establish a three-dimensional model of asphalt pavement withVertical cracks. Finally, the authors used the standard three-point bending test specimen to verify the two different calculation methods. By comparing the obtained results, the author obtained the result that J integral method results more precise. Chapter IV, first of all,the authors calculated the stress distribution of the road with traffic load. And the anthor came to the conclusion that vertical cracks in asphalt pavement is the direct cause of the shear stress caused by car, rather than tensile stress. Based on traffic load, the depth of cracks in the road structure parameters as variables .The author calculated and analysed the change of crack tip intensity factor, pointed out the law that the vertical cracks expand in asphalt pavement. Chapter V,the author summarizes the content of the full text. he also pointed out that the next step needs to improve and add content.
引文
[1] Kumara M W.Resurfacing of roads and other paved areas using asphalt [J]. The Quarry Products Association, 2007
[2] NCHRP. Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures [J]. 2004
[3]刘哲峰.沥青路面纵向裂缝病因分析[J].黑龙江交通科技,2007,9
[4]李如敏.半刚性基层沥青路面裂缝成因分析及处治对策[J].建筑新时代论坛,2007,3
[5]杨士炯.汽车严重超载损坏道路设施的调查报告[J].公路,1997
[6]吴可.浅析沥青路面早期的破坏原因[J].科技创新导报,2007, 32-75.
[7]毛成.沥青路面裂缝形成机理及扩展行为研究[D].西南交通大学,2004.4
[8] Ghuzlan Khalid Ahmad. Fatigue damage analysis in asphalt concrete mixtures based upondissipated energy concepts [D]. University of Illinois, 2001.
[9] Kose S, Guler M, Bahia H U. Distribution of strains within asphalt hinders in HMA usingimaging and finite element techniques. Transportation Research Board, 2000.11
[10] Timm D H,Guzina B B,Voller V R. Prediction of Thermal Crack Spacing [J].International Journal of Solids and Structures ,2003
[11]丁武洋.路面结构裂缝问题的理论分析与应用研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2005
[12]武建民,伍石生.用三维有限元方法评价带接缝的旧水泥混凝土路面罩面[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002. 22
[13]沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面早期破坏现象及预防[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001,105-139
[14] A Gibney, G. Bituminous Overlays Lohan and V. Moore. Laboratory Study of the Resistance of Reflective Cracking[J]. In 815`TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.,Annual Meeting (CD-ROM), 2002
[15] NCHRP. Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated[J] Pavement Structures,2004
[16] Innraffea A R, Manu C. Stress-Intensity Factor Computation in Three Dimensions with Quarter-Point Element[M] Int. J. Num. Meth., 1980,
[17]李濒,陈树坚.断裂理论基础[M].成都:四川人民出版社
[18]褚武扬.断裂力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.9
[19]李庆芬.断裂力学及其工程应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1998.8
[20]高庆.工程断裂力学[M].重庆大学出版社.1986.8
[21] Baizin Mobasher, Mamlouk Michael S, Lin H M. Evaluation of Crack Propagation Properties of Asphalt Mixtures. Engineering[M].Journal of Transportation. 1997, 405-413
[22] Castell M A, Ingraffea A R, Irwin L H. Fatigue Crack Growth in Pavements. [M].Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2000, 126(5):283-290
[23] Kumara M W, Gunaratne M, LU J J, et al.Methodology for Random Surface一Initiated Crack Growth Prediction in Asphalt Pavements. [J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004, 16
[24] Li Y Q, Metcalf John B.Fatigue Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete from Asphalt Slab Tests. [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004,
[25]许志鸿,高英.沥青混合料疲劳性能研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2001 1
[26]沈金安.国外沥青路面设计方法总汇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004: 1-9
[27] Kenji Himeno, Tsuyoshi Kamijima, Taluya Ikeda. Distribution of Tire Contact Pressure of Vehicles and its Influence on Pavement [J]. Distress In: Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Asphalt Pavement Design. Washington, 1996 129-139
[28] Beer M de, Fisher C, Jooste F. Determination of Pneumatic Pavement Interface Contact Stresses Under Moving Loads and Some Effect on Pavements with Thin Asphalt Surfacing Layers. [J]. Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Asphalt Pavement Design. Washington, 1996, 179-227
[29] Siddharthan Raj V, Krishnamenon N, Mohey EI-Mously, et al.Investigation of Tire Contact Stress Distributions on Pavement Response. [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2002, 128(2):136-144
[30] Park D W, Martin A E, Masad E. Effects of Nonuniform Tire Contact Stresses on Pavement Response. [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2005, 131
[31]黄晓明.沥青路面表面裂缝应力强度因子计算方法研究[J].公路交通科技2002.2
[32]郑健龙,张起森.半刚性基层沥青路面表面裂缝的热效应分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,1992
[33]李峰,孙立军.沥青路面Top Down开裂成因的有限元分析[J].公路交通科技2006.11
[34]罗睿等.沥青路而表而裂缝应力强度因子计算方法研究[J].公路交通科技2002.1
[35]彭妙娟,张登良,夏永旭.半刚性基层沥青路而的断裂力学计算方法及其应用[J].中国公路学报,1998, 11
[36]易昕.三维有限元方法分析沥青路面自上而下裂缝的扩展[D].湖南大学,2004.4
[37]张翔宇.行车荷载和温度作用下的沥青路面表面开裂研究[D].湖南大学,2007.4
[38]马正军.基于表面裂缝的沥青路面疲劳断裂分析[D].湖南大学, 2005.4
[39]杨斌,陈拴发,王秉纲.移动荷载作用下沥青加铺层结构动力响应分析[J].广西工学院学报.2006.6
[40]邓学钧.路基路面工程[M].人民交通出版社2004
[41]吕伟民.沥青混合料设计原理与方法[M].上海:同济人学出版社,2001.
[42] Potyondy, Wawrzynek, and Ingraffea,“Discrete crack growth analysis methodology for through cracks in pressurized fuselage structures,”[J].Int J Numerical Meth Engng, 38, 10, 1995, 1611-1633
[43]尚晓江,赵海峰.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用[J].中国水利水电出版社2006
[44]魏庆同,郎福元,赵邦戟.三点弯曲梁的应力强度因子K [J].甘肃工业大学学报,1985.11
[45]吴智敏,徐世罐,王金来,刘毅.三点弯曲梁法研究硅双K断裂参数及其尺寸效应[J].水力发电学报,2000.4
[46]王德印.沥青路面加铺层沥青层在交通荷载作用下的寿命分析[D].哈尔滨工业大学2005
[47]毕玉峰.沥青混合料抗剪试验方法研究[J].同济大学学报2005.11
[48]黄晓明,吴少鹏等.沥青与沥青混合料[M].东南大学出版社,2002年9月.
[49]王助成,邵敏.有限元法基本原理与方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[50]朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[51]林绣贤.论汽车超载对沥青路面的危害[J].上海公路,2004 (3 )
[2] NCHRP. Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures [J]. 2004
[3]刘哲峰.沥青路面纵向裂缝病因分析[J].黑龙江交通科技,2007,9
[4]李如敏.半刚性基层沥青路面裂缝成因分析及处治对策[J].建筑新时代论坛,2007,3
[5]杨士炯.汽车严重超载损坏道路设施的调查报告[J].公路,1997
[6]吴可.浅析沥青路面早期的破坏原因[J].科技创新导报,2007, 32-75.
[7]毛成.沥青路面裂缝形成机理及扩展行为研究[D].西南交通大学,2004.4
[8] Ghuzlan Khalid Ahmad. Fatigue damage analysis in asphalt concrete mixtures based upondissipated energy concepts [D]. University of Illinois, 2001.
[9] Kose S, Guler M, Bahia H U. Distribution of strains within asphalt hinders in HMA usingimaging and finite element techniques. Transportation Research Board, 2000.11
[10] Timm D H,Guzina B B,Voller V R. Prediction of Thermal Crack Spacing [J].International Journal of Solids and Structures ,2003
[11]丁武洋.路面结构裂缝问题的理论分析与应用研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2005
[12]武建民,伍石生.用三维有限元方法评价带接缝的旧水泥混凝土路面罩面[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002. 22
[13]沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面早期破坏现象及预防[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001,105-139
[14] A Gibney, G. Bituminous Overlays Lohan and V. Moore. Laboratory Study of the Resistance of Reflective Cracking[J]. In 815`TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.,Annual Meeting (CD-ROM), 2002
[15] NCHRP. Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated[J] Pavement Structures,2004
[16] Innraffea A R, Manu C. Stress-Intensity Factor Computation in Three Dimensions with Quarter-Point Element[M] Int. J. Num. Meth., 1980,
[17]李濒,陈树坚.断裂理论基础[M].成都:四川人民出版社
[18]褚武扬.断裂力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.9
[19]李庆芬.断裂力学及其工程应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1998.8
[20]高庆.工程断裂力学[M].重庆大学出版社.1986.8
[21] Baizin Mobasher, Mamlouk Michael S, Lin H M. Evaluation of Crack Propagation Properties of Asphalt Mixtures. Engineering[M].Journal of Transportation. 1997, 405-413
[22] Castell M A, Ingraffea A R, Irwin L H. Fatigue Crack Growth in Pavements. [M].Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2000, 126(5):283-290
[23] Kumara M W, Gunaratne M, LU J J, et al.Methodology for Random Surface一Initiated Crack Growth Prediction in Asphalt Pavements. [J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004, 16
[24] Li Y Q, Metcalf John B.Fatigue Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete from Asphalt Slab Tests. [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2004,
[25]许志鸿,高英.沥青混合料疲劳性能研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2001 1
[26]沈金安.国外沥青路面设计方法总汇[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004: 1-9
[27] Kenji Himeno, Tsuyoshi Kamijima, Taluya Ikeda. Distribution of Tire Contact Pressure of Vehicles and its Influence on Pavement [J]. Distress In: Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Asphalt Pavement Design. Washington, 1996 129-139
[28] Beer M de, Fisher C, Jooste F. Determination of Pneumatic Pavement Interface Contact Stresses Under Moving Loads and Some Effect on Pavements with Thin Asphalt Surfacing Layers. [J]. Proceeding of the 8th International Conference on Asphalt Pavement Design. Washington, 1996, 179-227
[29] Siddharthan Raj V, Krishnamenon N, Mohey EI-Mously, et al.Investigation of Tire Contact Stress Distributions on Pavement Response. [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2002, 128(2):136-144
[30] Park D W, Martin A E, Masad E. Effects of Nonuniform Tire Contact Stresses on Pavement Response. [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2005, 131
[31]黄晓明.沥青路面表面裂缝应力强度因子计算方法研究[J].公路交通科技2002.2
[32]郑健龙,张起森.半刚性基层沥青路面表面裂缝的热效应分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,1992
[33]李峰,孙立军.沥青路面Top Down开裂成因的有限元分析[J].公路交通科技2006.11
[34]罗睿等.沥青路而表而裂缝应力强度因子计算方法研究[J].公路交通科技2002.1
[35]彭妙娟,张登良,夏永旭.半刚性基层沥青路而的断裂力学计算方法及其应用[J].中国公路学报,1998, 11
[36]易昕.三维有限元方法分析沥青路面自上而下裂缝的扩展[D].湖南大学,2004.4
[37]张翔宇.行车荷载和温度作用下的沥青路面表面开裂研究[D].湖南大学,2007.4
[38]马正军.基于表面裂缝的沥青路面疲劳断裂分析[D].湖南大学, 2005.4
[39]杨斌,陈拴发,王秉纲.移动荷载作用下沥青加铺层结构动力响应分析[J].广西工学院学报.2006.6
[40]邓学钧.路基路面工程[M].人民交通出版社2004
[41]吕伟民.沥青混合料设计原理与方法[M].上海:同济人学出版社,2001.
[42] Potyondy, Wawrzynek, and Ingraffea,“Discrete crack growth analysis methodology for through cracks in pressurized fuselage structures,”[J].Int J Numerical Meth Engng, 38, 10, 1995, 1611-1633
[43]尚晓江,赵海峰.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用[J].中国水利水电出版社2006
[44]魏庆同,郎福元,赵邦戟.三点弯曲梁的应力强度因子K [J].甘肃工业大学学报,1985.11
[45]吴智敏,徐世罐,王金来,刘毅.三点弯曲梁法研究硅双K断裂参数及其尺寸效应[J].水力发电学报,2000.4
[46]王德印.沥青路面加铺层沥青层在交通荷载作用下的寿命分析[D].哈尔滨工业大学2005
[47]毕玉峰.沥青混合料抗剪试验方法研究[J].同济大学学报2005.11
[48]黄晓明,吴少鹏等.沥青与沥青混合料[M].东南大学出版社,2002年9月.
[49]王助成,邵敏.有限元法基本原理与方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[50]朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998
[51]林绣贤.论汽车超载对沥青路面的危害[J].上海公路,2004 (3 )