合肥市水环境管理决策支持系统研究
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摘要
水环境管理是一个涉及多学科、多因素的复杂领域,水环境管理水平的高低将直接影响人们日常生活和经济的发展。决策支持系统为人们提供了分析问题、构建模型、模拟决策过程和效果的决策环境,成为解决半结构化问题和非结构化问题的有效工具。随着地理信息系统的飞速发展,决策支持系统不仅能解决定量的问题,而且也能很好地处理不确定的、模糊的、定性的知识,从而辅助决策者做出科学的决策。
水环境管理决策支持系统是水环境管理信息化的重要工具,是辅助进行水环境规划、管理与决策的有效途径。本文在总结国内外有关水环境管理决策支持系统研究成果的基础上,本着实用性、先进性和开放性等设计原则,开展了基于地理信息系统构建区域水环境管理决策支持系统的工作;进行了合肥市水环境管理决策支持系统的环境数据库和环境模型库的设计;基于面向对象程序设计思路设计了合肥市水环境管理决策支持系统软件。主要成果如下:
①此系统可以实现公共数据库的建立、信息共享。通过数据共享,可以根据实际需要制作出各类水环境信息及评价专题图,方法灵活有效。可以根据实际况实现数据不断更新,可以将结果以动态数字地图、一般图文格式(JPEG、BMP、EMF等)方式表现,使水环境管理专题地图得到更快捷、更丰富、更完整和更可靠的表现。
②利用VisualC++进行了基于MapX控件的集成二次开发,提高了系统开发效率,提高了信息管理过程中获取信息的实时性、便捷性以及信息的可视化程度,具有更强大的数据处理功能,用户使用方便。
③与传统的信息管理系统相比,本系统充分发挥了GIS处理空间数据的优势,采用通用高级编程语言开发专业功能模块,可以更好地满足环境工作的需要,针对水质现状评价的具体要求,给出合肥市主要河流水质现状评价的实例分析,并通过水环境管理决策支持系统形象地显现合肥市主要水体的水质现状,尝试了一种水资源评价结果表现的新方式。
④运用动态水环境容量计算和水质预测模型,在了解河流相关参数的基础上可以计算水环境容量、预测河流水质,可为水环境相关部门提供最终的污染物允许排放量,避免盲目排放造成水环境恶化。
Water environment management is a complicated large-scale domain which involves many subjects and factors, and its qualities will directly influence human's daily life and economic development. Decision support system provides a decision-making environment where we can analyze questions, construct models, and simulate the process and effects of decision, it has been an effective and powerful tool in solving some semi-structured and unstructured problems.With the rapid development of geography information system, decision support system can not only solves quantitative problems but also deal well with the uncertain, fuzzy, qualitative information, and help decision-makers to make sensible decision.
It is an important tool of information-oriented water environment management for the water environment management decision support system (WEMDSS) which is an effective way to aid water enviorment programming, management and decision.The ideal and method of achieving a regional WEMDSS using GIS is proposed after a research in the development of WEMDSS in domestic and abroad. The design of water environment database and management model base is given. The HFWEMDSS has been designed according the theory of object–oriented programming. The achievements of the research about HFWEMDSS based on GIS are as follows:
①The foundation of public database and the sharing of information are realized. By these, all kinds of cartography can be made flexibly according the real need of water enviroment management. And it is easy to update data when needed. The water environment management cartography can be made by using the form of dynamic digital map, JPEG, BMP or EMF which make it faster, more copious and more reliable.
②The HFWEMDSS software is developped in Visual C++6.0 using MapX control which leads to a higher efficiency of development. The software achieves a real time, convient and visulable information obtainning, which has a strong data processing ability. And it's easy for the client to use.
③Comparing with the traditional management information system, the HFWEMDSS makes full use of the adavantage of spatial data processing ability of GIS and adopts advanced programming language to develop professional function sections which make it meet the need of water management better. Some examples of river water quality evaluation in HeFei are given according the requirements of water quality evaluation. A new method of displaying the result of evaluation is adopted by using the water enviroment management DSS to show the the present water quality situation of rivers in Hefei.
④The calculation of water environment capacity and the forecasting of water quality can be done by knowing the relative parameters of the river and using the dynamic water environment capacity model and water quality forecasting model. So we can calculate the permitted pollution emission quantity. It is helpful to aviod the environmental aggravation caused by blind pollution emission.
水环境管理决策支持系统是水环境管理信息化的重要工具,是辅助进行水环境规划、管理与决策的有效途径。本文在总结国内外有关水环境管理决策支持系统研究成果的基础上,本着实用性、先进性和开放性等设计原则,开展了基于地理信息系统构建区域水环境管理决策支持系统的工作;进行了合肥市水环境管理决策支持系统的环境数据库和环境模型库的设计;基于面向对象程序设计思路设计了合肥市水环境管理决策支持系统软件。主要成果如下:
①此系统可以实现公共数据库的建立、信息共享。通过数据共享,可以根据实际需要制作出各类水环境信息及评价专题图,方法灵活有效。可以根据实际况实现数据不断更新,可以将结果以动态数字地图、一般图文格式(JPEG、BMP、EMF等)方式表现,使水环境管理专题地图得到更快捷、更丰富、更完整和更可靠的表现。
②利用VisualC++进行了基于MapX控件的集成二次开发,提高了系统开发效率,提高了信息管理过程中获取信息的实时性、便捷性以及信息的可视化程度,具有更强大的数据处理功能,用户使用方便。
③与传统的信息管理系统相比,本系统充分发挥了GIS处理空间数据的优势,采用通用高级编程语言开发专业功能模块,可以更好地满足环境工作的需要,针对水质现状评价的具体要求,给出合肥市主要河流水质现状评价的实例分析,并通过水环境管理决策支持系统形象地显现合肥市主要水体的水质现状,尝试了一种水资源评价结果表现的新方式。
④运用动态水环境容量计算和水质预测模型,在了解河流相关参数的基础上可以计算水环境容量、预测河流水质,可为水环境相关部门提供最终的污染物允许排放量,避免盲目排放造成水环境恶化。
Water environment management is a complicated large-scale domain which involves many subjects and factors, and its qualities will directly influence human's daily life and economic development. Decision support system provides a decision-making environment where we can analyze questions, construct models, and simulate the process and effects of decision, it has been an effective and powerful tool in solving some semi-structured and unstructured problems.With the rapid development of geography information system, decision support system can not only solves quantitative problems but also deal well with the uncertain, fuzzy, qualitative information, and help decision-makers to make sensible decision.
It is an important tool of information-oriented water environment management for the water environment management decision support system (WEMDSS) which is an effective way to aid water enviorment programming, management and decision.The ideal and method of achieving a regional WEMDSS using GIS is proposed after a research in the development of WEMDSS in domestic and abroad. The design of water environment database and management model base is given. The HFWEMDSS has been designed according the theory of object–oriented programming. The achievements of the research about HFWEMDSS based on GIS are as follows:
①The foundation of public database and the sharing of information are realized. By these, all kinds of cartography can be made flexibly according the real need of water enviroment management. And it is easy to update data when needed. The water environment management cartography can be made by using the form of dynamic digital map, JPEG, BMP or EMF which make it faster, more copious and more reliable.
②The HFWEMDSS software is developped in Visual C++6.0 using MapX control which leads to a higher efficiency of development. The software achieves a real time, convient and visulable information obtainning, which has a strong data processing ability. And it's easy for the client to use.
③Comparing with the traditional management information system, the HFWEMDSS makes full use of the adavantage of spatial data processing ability of GIS and adopts advanced programming language to develop professional function sections which make it meet the need of water management better. Some examples of river water quality evaluation in HeFei are given according the requirements of water quality evaluation. A new method of displaying the result of evaluation is adopted by using the water enviroment management DSS to show the the present water quality situation of rivers in Hefei.
④The calculation of water environment capacity and the forecasting of water quality can be done by knowing the relative parameters of the river and using the dynamic water environment capacity model and water quality forecasting model. So we can calculate the permitted pollution emission quantity. It is helpful to aviod the environmental aggravation caused by blind pollution emission.
引文
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