延迟焦化主分馏塔的模拟与设计
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摘要
随着原油重质化和劣质化的趋势加快,延迟焦化技术作为一项技术成熟的重油加工手段,因其具有设备投资少、工艺简单、操作弹性大、柴汽比高等特点,越来越受到重视。延迟焦化主分馏塔作为延迟焦化装置实现产品分离的重要单元,对其进行优化设计,并对其进行局部改造,具有一定的现实意义。
本文以国内某炼厂的延迟焦化主分馏塔为工程实例,对该分馏塔的结构进行了分析讨论,确定了对该主分馏塔进行分段处理的模拟策略,在此基础上建立了该主分馏塔模型。在选择了合适的热力学方法和理论塔板数的情况下,利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus与Pro/Ⅱ分别对该主分馏塔进行模拟计算,得到了与现场标定值相一致的结果,验证了模拟计算的可靠性,并获得了可用于塔内件设计的水力学数据。
本文针对一种适用于焦化主分馏塔的塔板——双层固阀塔板,在1200mm的圆形不锈钢塔内,采用空气-水体系,测定了该塔板的流体力学性能指标——塔板压降、漏液和雾沫夹带,研究了它们与阀孔动能因子、出口堰高和液流强度的关系,并与传统的F1浮阀进行了对比实验,根据实验数据得到压降、漏液和雾沫夹带的关联式以指导工业应用。
本文针对现有焦化主分馏塔存在的问题,利用模拟计算得到的水力学数据对该主分馏塔进行了水力学核算,找出了导致其出现非正常操作的根源,提出了经济并切实可行的改造方案,成功将双层固阀塔板应用于该主分馏塔的改造设计。
With the tendency of crude oil getting heavier and poorer worldwide, the delayed coking process which becomes a well-developed heavy oil processing technology has drawn more and more attention recently owing to low equipment cost, simple process, operating flexibility and a high ratio of diesel oil to gasoline. In a delayed coking unit, the main fractionation column is the most important part for the products separating. The optimization and reform of the main fractionator has great practical significance.
In this article, the structure of the main fractionation column was discussed. The strategy to simulate the fractionator segmentally was determined and the model was established. Then, the thermodynamics method and the number of the theoretical plate were chosen. The calculation results of the main fractionation column which were simulated by Aspen Plus and Pro/Ⅱsoftware respectively were consistent with the on-site operational data. It indicated that the calculation results by software was available and correct. The simulated results could be used for the the internal design of the main fractionation column.
The bilayer fixed valve was studied in this article. The hydrodynamic performance of this plate was investigated with air-water system in a stainless steel column of 1200 mm internal diameter, and carried on the comparison with the F1 float valve, and the correlations of plate pressure drop,weeping and entrainment with weir height,liquid loading intensity and kinetic energy factor based on valve holes were obtained.It could be used conveniently in industrial applications.
According to the existing problems of the main fractionation column of the delayed coking unit, the hydraulic calculation was made by using the simulated results. The problems which led to abnormal operation in the main fractionation column were found out. An economic and reasonable design scheme was put forward. The bilayer fixed valve was applied to the reforming design successfully.
本文以国内某炼厂的延迟焦化主分馏塔为工程实例,对该分馏塔的结构进行了分析讨论,确定了对该主分馏塔进行分段处理的模拟策略,在此基础上建立了该主分馏塔模型。在选择了合适的热力学方法和理论塔板数的情况下,利用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus与Pro/Ⅱ分别对该主分馏塔进行模拟计算,得到了与现场标定值相一致的结果,验证了模拟计算的可靠性,并获得了可用于塔内件设计的水力学数据。
本文针对一种适用于焦化主分馏塔的塔板——双层固阀塔板,在1200mm的圆形不锈钢塔内,采用空气-水体系,测定了该塔板的流体力学性能指标——塔板压降、漏液和雾沫夹带,研究了它们与阀孔动能因子、出口堰高和液流强度的关系,并与传统的F1浮阀进行了对比实验,根据实验数据得到压降、漏液和雾沫夹带的关联式以指导工业应用。
本文针对现有焦化主分馏塔存在的问题,利用模拟计算得到的水力学数据对该主分馏塔进行了水力学核算,找出了导致其出现非正常操作的根源,提出了经济并切实可行的改造方案,成功将双层固阀塔板应用于该主分馏塔的改造设计。
With the tendency of crude oil getting heavier and poorer worldwide, the delayed coking process which becomes a well-developed heavy oil processing technology has drawn more and more attention recently owing to low equipment cost, simple process, operating flexibility and a high ratio of diesel oil to gasoline. In a delayed coking unit, the main fractionation column is the most important part for the products separating. The optimization and reform of the main fractionator has great practical significance.
In this article, the structure of the main fractionation column was discussed. The strategy to simulate the fractionator segmentally was determined and the model was established. Then, the thermodynamics method and the number of the theoretical plate were chosen. The calculation results of the main fractionation column which were simulated by Aspen Plus and Pro/Ⅱsoftware respectively were consistent with the on-site operational data. It indicated that the calculation results by software was available and correct. The simulated results could be used for the the internal design of the main fractionation column.
The bilayer fixed valve was studied in this article. The hydrodynamic performance of this plate was investigated with air-water system in a stainless steel column of 1200 mm internal diameter, and carried on the comparison with the F1 float valve, and the correlations of plate pressure drop,weeping and entrainment with weir height,liquid loading intensity and kinetic energy factor based on valve holes were obtained.It could be used conveniently in industrial applications.
According to the existing problems of the main fractionation column of the delayed coking unit, the hydraulic calculation was made by using the simulated results. The problems which led to abnormal operation in the main fractionation column were found out. An economic and reasonable design scheme was put forward. The bilayer fixed valve was applied to the reforming design successfully.
引文
[1]姚春莹.对抚顺石油二厂延迟焦化装置扩能改造的探讨[D].天津:天津大学,2008.
[2]张德义.第一届延迟焦化生产技术交流会报告文集[R].南京:中国石油股份有限公司焦化情报站,2001.
[3]《炼油装置技术标定丛书》编写组.延迟焦化装置技术标定程序[M].北京,中国石化出版社,1991.
[4]瞿国华,黄大智,梁文杰.延迟焦化在我国石油加工中的地位和前景[J].石油学报,2005,21(3):50-52.
[5] Stell J. 2000 Worldwide refining survey[J]. Oil & Gas Journal, 2000, 98(51): 66-120.
[6]刘文智.150万吨年延迟焦化装置改造和工程设计[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[7]林世雄.石油炼制工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:302-303.
[8] CHOWDHURYJ. A crude awakening for refiners[J]. Chem Eng, 1998, 105(13):33-37.
[9]程哲生.延迟焦化日益被重视[J].石油化工要闻,2003,3(1):15-16.
[10]宋春财,元宝台,谢传欣,等.延迟焦化工艺及其发展趋势[J].抚顺石油学院学报,2000,20(3):1-6.
[11] David Nakamura. Worldwide refining capacity creeps ahead in 2004[J]. Oil & Gas Journal, 2004: 1-6.
[12] Edward J. Swain. Petroleum coke production from US refineries will increase[J]. Oil & Gas Journal, 2003, 1(1): 54-56.
[13]王雪松,袁志祥,尹鲁江,等.延迟焦化工艺的技术进展[J].工业催化,2006,14(4):22-25.
[14] Ellis P J, Paul C A. Tutorial: Delayed coking fundamentals[A]. AIChE 1998 Spring National Meeting[C]. New Orleans ,1998. Paper 29a.
[15] Anthony D B, Kruse C J, Ewy G L,et al. Advances in coking technology[A]. AIChE 1996 Spring National Meeting[C]. New Orleans ,1996. Paper 60d.
[16]张文钟.焦炭塔给水冷焦过程的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.
[17]张立新.中国延迟焦化装置的技术进展[J].炼油技术与工程,2005,35(6):1-4.
[18]刘晓欣.催化裂化-延迟焦化组合工艺[J].石油炼制与化工,1998,29(11):29-33.
[19]肖雁,冯茂生.减粘-焦化联合工艺的工业应用[J].炼油设计,2002,30(12):12-15.
[20]黄新龙,朱景利,刘金龙,等.延迟焦化-溶剂精制-加氢裂化组合工艺的工业试验[J].炼油技术与工程,2004,34(7):10-12.
[21]黄新龙,沙颖逊,曲贺欣,等.延迟焦化-溶剂精制-催化裂化组合工艺应用[J].炼油设计,2001,31(6):48-51.
[22]倪晓亮,吴青.延迟焦化-加氢裂化-催化裂化联合工艺的应用[J].炼油设计,2002,33(5):1-4.
[23]李志国,凌逸群.我国延迟焦化现状和今后发展的建议[J].炼油设计,2001, 31(7):1-4.
[24]梁朝林,沈本贤.延迟焦化[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:13-20.
[25]李春年.渣油加工工艺[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2002:83-90.
[26]程之光.重油加工工艺[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1994:382-383.
[27]林森茂.苏丹高酸原油延迟焦化工程设计与研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2003.
[28]刘训峰.延迟焦化装置的技术改进[J].炼油设计,2001,32(8):15.
[29]梁朝林,沈本贤.延迟焦化[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:180-183.
[30]徐江华,甘丽琳,李和杰,等.一种可灵活调节循环比操作的延迟焦化工艺[P].中国专利:02139312.5, 2005-2-16.
[31]甘丽琳,徐江华,李和杰.可调循环比的延迟焦化工艺[J].炼油技术与工程,2003,33(10):8-11.
[32]赵兰文.胜利石化延迟焦化装置节能改造及标定[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007.
[33]梁朝林,沈本贤.延迟焦化[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:9-10,37-38.
[34]陆经纬.延迟焦化过程计算机稳态建模研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2002.
[35]翟滨,王建文,张立海.延迟焦化装置技术问答[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:11-17.
[36]晁可绳.延迟焦化长周期运行的考虑[J].炼油设计,1999,29(11):32-36.
[37]晁可绳.延迟焦化装置的设计考虑(1)[J].炼油技术与工程,2003,33(10):12-16.
[38]谢崇亮,毕治国,李小娜.提高延迟焦化装置生产技术水平的对策[J].炼油技术与工程,2009,39(4):1-4.
[39]余国琮.蒸馏过程和设备的现状与展望[J].化学工程,1992,20(2):20-25.
[40]王忠诚,姜滨,黄洁,等.多种塔板组合和板式塔改造技术[J].化学工程,1998,26(5):56-57.
[41]刘吉.组合导向浮阀塔板的实验研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,1997.
[42]谢润兴,刘吉,吕家卓,等.ADV微分浮阀塔板的研究和应用[J].石油炼制与化工,1999,30(12):31-42.
[43]张荣庆,畅广西,漆萍,等.梯形浮阀塔板[P].中国专利:92208360, 1993-11-13.
[44]梁治国,亓荣彬.催化分馏塔HTV塔板的应用[J].石油大学报(自然科学版),1994,18(6):101-105.
[45]梁治国,亓荣彬.一种高性能BVT浮阀塔板的研制[J].石油大学报(自然科学版),1999,23(6):76-78.
[46]梁治国,亓荣彬.BVT塔板的工业应用[J].化工进展,2003,22(2):180-182.
[47]孙兰义,刘立新,郑明光.浮阀和固阀一体化的复合浮阀[P].中国专利:200520125581, 2007-3-21.
[48]兰州石油机械研究所.现代塔器技术(第二版)[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005:62-63,272-286,320-365,383-385.
[49]朱开宏.化工过程流程模拟[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1993.
[50]李锋.常减压装置的流程模拟和优化操作研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,2004.
[51]易国刚,陈清林,张冰剑.延迟焦化主分馏塔的模拟策研究[A].第十一届中国化工学会信息技术应用专业委员会年会[C].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:271-277.
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[53]王洪江.流程模拟计算中关于塔板效率选择的技巧[J].石化技术,2003,10(1):31-33.
[2]张德义.第一届延迟焦化生产技术交流会报告文集[R].南京:中国石油股份有限公司焦化情报站,2001.
[3]《炼油装置技术标定丛书》编写组.延迟焦化装置技术标定程序[M].北京,中国石化出版社,1991.
[4]瞿国华,黄大智,梁文杰.延迟焦化在我国石油加工中的地位和前景[J].石油学报,2005,21(3):50-52.
[5] Stell J. 2000 Worldwide refining survey[J]. Oil & Gas Journal, 2000, 98(51): 66-120.
[6]刘文智.150万吨年延迟焦化装置改造和工程设计[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[7]林世雄.石油炼制工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:302-303.
[8] CHOWDHURYJ. A crude awakening for refiners[J]. Chem Eng, 1998, 105(13):33-37.
[9]程哲生.延迟焦化日益被重视[J].石油化工要闻,2003,3(1):15-16.
[10]宋春财,元宝台,谢传欣,等.延迟焦化工艺及其发展趋势[J].抚顺石油学院学报,2000,20(3):1-6.
[11] David Nakamura. Worldwide refining capacity creeps ahead in 2004[J]. Oil & Gas Journal, 2004: 1-6.
[12] Edward J. Swain. Petroleum coke production from US refineries will increase[J]. Oil & Gas Journal, 2003, 1(1): 54-56.
[13]王雪松,袁志祥,尹鲁江,等.延迟焦化工艺的技术进展[J].工业催化,2006,14(4):22-25.
[14] Ellis P J, Paul C A. Tutorial: Delayed coking fundamentals[A]. AIChE 1998 Spring National Meeting[C]. New Orleans ,1998. Paper 29a.
[15] Anthony D B, Kruse C J, Ewy G L,et al. Advances in coking technology[A]. AIChE 1996 Spring National Meeting[C]. New Orleans ,1996. Paper 60d.
[16]张文钟.焦炭塔给水冷焦过程的研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2009.
[17]张立新.中国延迟焦化装置的技术进展[J].炼油技术与工程,2005,35(6):1-4.
[18]刘晓欣.催化裂化-延迟焦化组合工艺[J].石油炼制与化工,1998,29(11):29-33.
[19]肖雁,冯茂生.减粘-焦化联合工艺的工业应用[J].炼油设计,2002,30(12):12-15.
[20]黄新龙,朱景利,刘金龙,等.延迟焦化-溶剂精制-加氢裂化组合工艺的工业试验[J].炼油技术与工程,2004,34(7):10-12.
[21]黄新龙,沙颖逊,曲贺欣,等.延迟焦化-溶剂精制-催化裂化组合工艺应用[J].炼油设计,2001,31(6):48-51.
[22]倪晓亮,吴青.延迟焦化-加氢裂化-催化裂化联合工艺的应用[J].炼油设计,2002,33(5):1-4.
[23]李志国,凌逸群.我国延迟焦化现状和今后发展的建议[J].炼油设计,2001, 31(7):1-4.
[24]梁朝林,沈本贤.延迟焦化[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:13-20.
[25]李春年.渣油加工工艺[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2002:83-90.
[26]程之光.重油加工工艺[M].北京:中国石化出版社,1994:382-383.
[27]林森茂.苏丹高酸原油延迟焦化工程设计与研究[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2003.
[28]刘训峰.延迟焦化装置的技术改进[J].炼油设计,2001,32(8):15.
[29]梁朝林,沈本贤.延迟焦化[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:180-183.
[30]徐江华,甘丽琳,李和杰,等.一种可灵活调节循环比操作的延迟焦化工艺[P].中国专利:02139312.5, 2005-2-16.
[31]甘丽琳,徐江华,李和杰.可调循环比的延迟焦化工艺[J].炼油技术与工程,2003,33(10):8-11.
[32]赵兰文.胜利石化延迟焦化装置节能改造及标定[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007.
[33]梁朝林,沈本贤.延迟焦化[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:9-10,37-38.
[34]陆经纬.延迟焦化过程计算机稳态建模研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2002.
[35]翟滨,王建文,张立海.延迟焦化装置技术问答[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2007:11-17.
[36]晁可绳.延迟焦化长周期运行的考虑[J].炼油设计,1999,29(11):32-36.
[37]晁可绳.延迟焦化装置的设计考虑(1)[J].炼油技术与工程,2003,33(10):12-16.
[38]谢崇亮,毕治国,李小娜.提高延迟焦化装置生产技术水平的对策[J].炼油技术与工程,2009,39(4):1-4.
[39]余国琮.蒸馏过程和设备的现状与展望[J].化学工程,1992,20(2):20-25.
[40]王忠诚,姜滨,黄洁,等.多种塔板组合和板式塔改造技术[J].化学工程,1998,26(5):56-57.
[41]刘吉.组合导向浮阀塔板的实验研究[D].上海:华东理工大学,1997.
[42]谢润兴,刘吉,吕家卓,等.ADV微分浮阀塔板的研究和应用[J].石油炼制与化工,1999,30(12):31-42.
[43]张荣庆,畅广西,漆萍,等.梯形浮阀塔板[P].中国专利:92208360, 1993-11-13.
[44]梁治国,亓荣彬.催化分馏塔HTV塔板的应用[J].石油大学报(自然科学版),1994,18(6):101-105.
[45]梁治国,亓荣彬.一种高性能BVT浮阀塔板的研制[J].石油大学报(自然科学版),1999,23(6):76-78.
[46]梁治国,亓荣彬.BVT塔板的工业应用[J].化工进展,2003,22(2):180-182.
[47]孙兰义,刘立新,郑明光.浮阀和固阀一体化的复合浮阀[P].中国专利:200520125581, 2007-3-21.
[48]兰州石油机械研究所.现代塔器技术(第二版)[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2005:62-63,272-286,320-365,383-385.
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