番茄翻秧机的设计研究
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摘要
新疆是中国加工番茄生产的主产区,是番茄产业实施全程机械化的示范区。为实现现有番茄机械化采收田间作业,降低劳动强度,提高生产效率。论文对番茄翻秧机理进行研究,设计番茄翻秧机,以解决目前番茄机械化采收存在的主要问题。论文密切结合新疆番茄的种植模式及生长状况,研究番茄翻秧机的核心工作部件——分秧器、拨秧器的结构和工作原理,分析翻秧的工艺过程。研究翻秧机理,确定各部件的结构尺寸、工作参数及其影响其工作过程的主要因素,分析机构的运动和力,用计算机仿真的方法优化机构的结构参数。得出了对今后进行物理样机研制和产品开发有价值的结构、参数和分析方法。本文主要研究内容包括:
(1)对番茄翻秧机机理和虚拟样机技术理论进行深入研究,在此基础上利用Pro/E三维实体设计软件完成番茄翻秧机各零件建模,并进行机构的虚拟装配,形成番茄翻秧机的虚拟装配模型。并对结构展开了力学分析。
(2)设计了分秧器结构,分析了翻秧的工作原理。分析了分秧器前倾角和分开角的大小对挑秧、推秧能力的影响。分析了拨秧滚子在工作中的运动情况,及拨秧滚子配重与安装倾角对拨秧滚子受力的影响。用实验的方法分析了番茄从秧藤上脱落所需力的大小。并对拨秧滚子对番茄的碰撞力进行了理论分析。
(3)建立了机架的静力学计算模型,确定静态计算内容:分两种工况进行了静力学计算,分析了各工况下的主梁受力结果。对机架的模态响应展开分析,分析了前六阶固有频率和振型。利用优化设计对机架的机构进行了优化处理。
(4)使用Pro/E软件与ADAMS软件的专用接口模块Mech/Pro,成功的解决了Pro/E件软与ADAMS软件之间数据传输问题。把在Pro/E中建立的番茄翻秧机虚拟装配模型文件导入到ADAMS软件中,施加约束、作用力和运动激励。使用ADAMS软件对番茄翻秧机虚拟样机进行动态仿真和运动学、动力学分析,得出拨秧滚子运动轨迹图、受力曲线图、分秧器受力曲线图和番茄秧的运动曲线图,并将结果进行分析,为物理样机的设计提供了详尽的参考数据。
Xinjiang is China's processing tomato production in main producing areas is the implementation of the whole tomato industry demonstration zone mechanization. For the mechanization of tomato harvesting of existing field operations and reduce labor intensity and improve production efficiency. Papers on the mechanism’s research of tomato turning vine, design tomato turning vine machine, to solve the mechanization of tomato harvesting is currently the main problems. Paper closely linked to Xinjiang tomato cropping patterns and growth conditions to study the core work components of tomato turning vine machine - the separating vine device and pushing vine device structure and working principle. Analysis of nearside vine process, study the mechanism of nearside vine. Determine the structure of the various components of size, operating parameters and their impact on the course of their work a major factor. Analysis of structure movement and force, use the methods of computer simulation to optimize the structure parameters. Obtain valuable structure, parameters and analytical methods to make physical prototype and develop products in the future. This paper studies include:
(1) Tomato turning vine machine of mechanism and virtual prototyping technology of the theory in-depth study, on this basis the use of Pro/E three-dimensional physical design software to complete the prototype of tomato turning machine modeling, and virtual assembly of the constructions to form a tomato turning machine’s virtual prototype model assembly. Moreover,Structure and mechanical analysis carried out.
(2) Designed the separating vine device, analyzed the structure of and the working principle. Analysis of Analysis of the size of the separating vine’s front rake and separate angle to make influence of raising vine and pushing vine. The movement condition of pushing vine roller in the work of analysis. And analysis of pushing vine roller’s weight and installation angle to make influence of pushing vine roller by force. With an analysis of the experimental method of rattan on tomato vine off from the force required. In addition, to make the theoretical analysis about pushing vine roller on the tomato’s the impact force.
(3) The establishment of a rack of statics model to determine the calculation content of static: there are two conditions for the calculation of statics, an analysis of the conditions of the main beam results by force. Make an analysis to the rack of the modal analysis. Make an analysis to the previous six-and-order natural frequency and vibration mode. Optimization of the rack’s construction makes use of design of optimization.
(4) Used the Pro/E software and ADAMS software's specific interface module Mech/Pro, success to solve the question Pro/E and ADAMS software soft pieces of data transmission. The virtual assembly model of the tomato turning machine which establishes in Pro/E inducts to the ADAMS software, exerts the restraint, the force and the movement incentive. Soft pieces of the use of ADAMS on the tomato turning machine virtual prototype machine for dynamic simulation and kinematics, dynamics analysis. Get pushing vine roller trajectory figure, the force curve, the separating vine device’s force curve and the movement curves figures, analysis of the results of figures. They provide a detailed for reference the design of the physical prototype.
(1)对番茄翻秧机机理和虚拟样机技术理论进行深入研究,在此基础上利用Pro/E三维实体设计软件完成番茄翻秧机各零件建模,并进行机构的虚拟装配,形成番茄翻秧机的虚拟装配模型。并对结构展开了力学分析。
(2)设计了分秧器结构,分析了翻秧的工作原理。分析了分秧器前倾角和分开角的大小对挑秧、推秧能力的影响。分析了拨秧滚子在工作中的运动情况,及拨秧滚子配重与安装倾角对拨秧滚子受力的影响。用实验的方法分析了番茄从秧藤上脱落所需力的大小。并对拨秧滚子对番茄的碰撞力进行了理论分析。
(3)建立了机架的静力学计算模型,确定静态计算内容:分两种工况进行了静力学计算,分析了各工况下的主梁受力结果。对机架的模态响应展开分析,分析了前六阶固有频率和振型。利用优化设计对机架的机构进行了优化处理。
(4)使用Pro/E软件与ADAMS软件的专用接口模块Mech/Pro,成功的解决了Pro/E件软与ADAMS软件之间数据传输问题。把在Pro/E中建立的番茄翻秧机虚拟装配模型文件导入到ADAMS软件中,施加约束、作用力和运动激励。使用ADAMS软件对番茄翻秧机虚拟样机进行动态仿真和运动学、动力学分析,得出拨秧滚子运动轨迹图、受力曲线图、分秧器受力曲线图和番茄秧的运动曲线图,并将结果进行分析,为物理样机的设计提供了详尽的参考数据。
Xinjiang is China's processing tomato production in main producing areas is the implementation of the whole tomato industry demonstration zone mechanization. For the mechanization of tomato harvesting of existing field operations and reduce labor intensity and improve production efficiency. Papers on the mechanism’s research of tomato turning vine, design tomato turning vine machine, to solve the mechanization of tomato harvesting is currently the main problems. Paper closely linked to Xinjiang tomato cropping patterns and growth conditions to study the core work components of tomato turning vine machine - the separating vine device and pushing vine device structure and working principle. Analysis of nearside vine process, study the mechanism of nearside vine. Determine the structure of the various components of size, operating parameters and their impact on the course of their work a major factor. Analysis of structure movement and force, use the methods of computer simulation to optimize the structure parameters. Obtain valuable structure, parameters and analytical methods to make physical prototype and develop products in the future. This paper studies include:
(1) Tomato turning vine machine of mechanism and virtual prototyping technology of the theory in-depth study, on this basis the use of Pro/E three-dimensional physical design software to complete the prototype of tomato turning machine modeling, and virtual assembly of the constructions to form a tomato turning machine’s virtual prototype model assembly. Moreover,Structure and mechanical analysis carried out.
(2) Designed the separating vine device, analyzed the structure of and the working principle. Analysis of Analysis of the size of the separating vine’s front rake and separate angle to make influence of raising vine and pushing vine. The movement condition of pushing vine roller in the work of analysis. And analysis of pushing vine roller’s weight and installation angle to make influence of pushing vine roller by force. With an analysis of the experimental method of rattan on tomato vine off from the force required. In addition, to make the theoretical analysis about pushing vine roller on the tomato’s the impact force.
(3) The establishment of a rack of statics model to determine the calculation content of static: there are two conditions for the calculation of statics, an analysis of the conditions of the main beam results by force. Make an analysis to the rack of the modal analysis. Make an analysis to the previous six-and-order natural frequency and vibration mode. Optimization of the rack’s construction makes use of design of optimization.
(4) Used the Pro/E software and ADAMS software's specific interface module Mech/Pro, success to solve the question Pro/E and ADAMS software soft pieces of data transmission. The virtual assembly model of the tomato turning machine which establishes in Pro/E inducts to the ADAMS software, exerts the restraint, the force and the movement incentive. Soft pieces of the use of ADAMS on the tomato turning machine virtual prototype machine for dynamic simulation and kinematics, dynamics analysis. Get pushing vine roller trajectory figure, the force curve, the separating vine device’s force curve and the movement curves figures, analysis of the results of figures. They provide a detailed for reference the design of the physical prototype.
引文
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[29]陈建明,张东峰,陈晓峰.麻黄草收割机拨禾装置的理论分析及结构设计.农机化研究,2005(6) :149-151.
[30]贺俊林,佟金,陈志,等.指形拨禾轮分禾机构的虚拟设计与运动仿真[J].农业机械学报,2007(6):53-56.
[31]任海东,杨伯原,魏平,等.航天高速轴承动态摩擦力矩的预测[J].润滑与密封,2008(2):94-95.
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[2]庞胜群,王祯丽,张润,等.新疆加工番茄产业现状及发展前景[J].中国蔬菜,2005(2):39-41.
[3]曹杰,张静.番茄机械化采收发展[J].中国农机化,2002(1):45-47.
[4]朱磊,樊斌奇.新疆番茄加工业国际竞争力及竞争策略分析[J].开发研究,2006(4):41-44.
[5] D.Nicolas,X.Branthome,P.Siret,L.Susini,C.Lyon.Progress in Processing Tomato Harvest in France a New Tomato Harvester Use of a Vine Shaper[C].In ISHS Acta Horticulturae 200:ⅡInternational Symposium on Processing Tomatoes,XXⅡIHC,lmarch,1987
[6] Bing Li, Xiaoping Hu and Hao Wang.Analysis and simulation for a parallel drill point grinder.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2006.
[7] Brown,G.K.,D.E.Marshall,B.R.Tennes,D.E.Booster,P.Chen,1983b.Status of harvest mechanization of horticultural crops.ASAE Spec.Publ.3-83:12-30.June 1983.
[8]郭雪娥.小型装载机工作装置虚拟样机设计[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[9]王波,季绍琨.虚拟制造技术及其在农机产品设计制造中的应用[J],农机化研究,2007(8):205 -207.
[10]冯江,李建民,王德慧.仿真技术在农机设计中的应用[J].农机化研究,2000(4):96-98.
[11]王凯湛,马瑞峻.虚拟现实技术及其在农业机械设计上的应用[J].2006(8):500-503.
[12]岳绚丽,任卫新.加工番茄机械采收栽培模式初探[J].新疆农机化,2006(2):11-12.
[13]曹杰,倪向东,徐为民,等.番茄翻秧机[P].中国专利:ZL200620164592.1,2006.
[14]徐为民,曹杰,杨田苓.番茄翻秧机的设计[J].石河子大学学报,2008,(1):95-97.
[15]郑炫.1LFT-535/435调幅液压翻转双向犁[J].新疆农机化,2005(1):32-33.
[16]李翔鹏.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0基础实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2006.
[17]二代龙震工作室. Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0高级设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007.
[18]周京平. Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0完全自学手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[19]林清安.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 2.0基础入门与范例[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[20]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996.
[21]林清安. Pro/Engineer Wildfire 2.0零件装配与产品设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[22]吴曾谅.工程力学[M].西安:西北大学出版社,1990.
[23]李宝筏.农业机械学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[24]石端伟.机械动力学[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007.
[25]陈志,韩增德,颜华,等.不分行玉米收获机分禾器适应性试验[J].农业机械学报,2008(1) :50-52.
[26]卿上乐,区颖刚,刘庆庭.甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割器运动学分析[J].农业机械学报,2006(1) :51-54.
[27]陈勇阁,李明光.亚麻收获机分禾器的运动和力学分析[J].中国科技信息,2004,(24):117.
[28]杜翠红.穗茎兼收型玉米联合收获机立式割台的理论分析与试验研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2006.
[29]陈建明,张东峰,陈晓峰.麻黄草收割机拨禾装置的理论分析及结构设计.农机化研究,2005(6) :149-151.
[30]贺俊林,佟金,陈志,等.指形拨禾轮分禾机构的虚拟设计与运动仿真[J].农业机械学报,2007(6):53-56.
[31]任海东,杨伯原,魏平,等.航天高速轴承动态摩擦力矩的预测[J].润滑与密封,2008(2):94-95.
[32]朱爱华,朱成九,张卫华.滚动轴承摩擦力矩的计算分析[J].轴承,2008(7):1-3.
[33]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1996.
[34]凌邦国,朱兆青,周玲.碰撞过程的研究[J].物理实验,2004(6):10-12
[35]王新荣,陈永波.有限元法基础及ANSYS应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
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