新中国语文高考作文的城乡文化倾向研究
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摘要
新中国高考经过了46年的风雨历程,作为母语考试重要组成部分的语文高考作文越来越趋于时代性、思想性、思辨性和科学性,但是,这些命题并不适合每一位学生的文化背景,尤其是来自农村文化背景的学生。所以,研究高考作文的城乡文化倾向性问题,对促进高考文化公平具有重要的现实意义。
首先,笔者对新中国历年语文高考作文试题进行梳理和解读,发现高考作文存在一定的城市文化倾向,从而不利于农村考生。为了支持自己的论点,笔者对河南省、四川省和重庆市六所高校的273名学生及部分教师展开深入调查和访谈,通过对结果的一系列统计和分析认为:城乡学生在父母学历、使用语言状况、家庭藏书、家庭辅导等方面都存在不同程度的差异。总体上来说,来自城市的学生在家庭教育背景和父母传递给的文化资本方面占有显著的优势,且与农村学生差异较大,这一差异直接决定了学生的文化价值倾向,并在写作过程中呈现出不同的文化特点。
其次,通过归因认为,导致高考作文城市文化倾向的原因主要是中国二元经济结构下的文化影响、教育考试的现代化文化导向影响、命题者文化背景的影响、高考作文命题把关缺少相应的监督机制;基于此,高考作文的城市文化倾向的消极影响也是明显的,即不利于高考的公平、不利于农村学生形成正确的价值观、不利于和谐社会的构建。
最后,基于高考文化公平的理念,本文认为促进高考作文城乡文化公平化应遵循公正、平等和人道的基本原则。促进高考作文城乡文化公平化的操作策略应该从四个方面进行:第一,建立高考作文研究系统;第二,整合高考作文命题队伍;第三,科学设计高考作文试卷;第四,建立考后反馈系统。
After a stormy course new China 46 college entrance examination as an important component of the mother tongue language composition increasingly era of the college entrance examination, ideological, and speculative scientific, but each of these propositions is not suitable for a student culture background, especially those who from rural and cultural backgrounds of the students. Therefore, the college entrance examination on the composition of urban and rural culture tendency problems, the promotion of fair college entrance examination is of great realistic significance.
First of all, in recent years the author of the new language essay questions for the college entrance examination and interpretation of carding, the college entrance examination found that there exists a certain composition urban culture tendency, to the detriment of rural candidates. In support of my argument, the author of Henan Province, Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality six of the 273 college students and some teachers in-depth surveys and interviews, through a series of statistics the results and analysis show that: students in urban and rural parents qualifications, Language status, family collection, and family counselling have varying degrees of difference. Overall, students from the city in the family and educational background of parents transmitted to the cultural capital occupy significant advantages, and the difference between larger and rural students. This difference has a direct bearing on students tend to the cultural values, and in the process of writing showing that a different cultural characteristics.
Secondly, through the attribution that lead to university entrance examination essay urban culture is that the tendency of the main reasons for China's dual economic structure under the cultural impact, the examination-oriented culture of the modern impact of Proposition cultural background, the impact of the college entrance examination essay Proposition gatekeeper corresponding lack of supervision mechanisms based on this, the composition of the College Entrance Examination urban culture is inclined to the negative impact of the obvious, that is not conducive to the fair entrance examination, to the detriment of rural students to the correct values, and not conducive to the building of a harmonious society.
Finally, the College Entrance Examination culture based on the concept of fairness, we believe that the promotion of the college entrance examination of the composition of urban and rural culture should be just and fair, equality and humanity. Writing for the college entrance examination of the fairness of urban and rural cultural strategy should be operational from the following four aspects: First, the establishment of the college entrance examination system, second, the integration of the college entrance examination essay Proposition contingent Third, the scientific design of the college entrance examination composition papers Fourth, the establishment of test after the feedback system.
首先,笔者对新中国历年语文高考作文试题进行梳理和解读,发现高考作文存在一定的城市文化倾向,从而不利于农村考生。为了支持自己的论点,笔者对河南省、四川省和重庆市六所高校的273名学生及部分教师展开深入调查和访谈,通过对结果的一系列统计和分析认为:城乡学生在父母学历、使用语言状况、家庭藏书、家庭辅导等方面都存在不同程度的差异。总体上来说,来自城市的学生在家庭教育背景和父母传递给的文化资本方面占有显著的优势,且与农村学生差异较大,这一差异直接决定了学生的文化价值倾向,并在写作过程中呈现出不同的文化特点。
其次,通过归因认为,导致高考作文城市文化倾向的原因主要是中国二元经济结构下的文化影响、教育考试的现代化文化导向影响、命题者文化背景的影响、高考作文命题把关缺少相应的监督机制;基于此,高考作文的城市文化倾向的消极影响也是明显的,即不利于高考的公平、不利于农村学生形成正确的价值观、不利于和谐社会的构建。
最后,基于高考文化公平的理念,本文认为促进高考作文城乡文化公平化应遵循公正、平等和人道的基本原则。促进高考作文城乡文化公平化的操作策略应该从四个方面进行:第一,建立高考作文研究系统;第二,整合高考作文命题队伍;第三,科学设计高考作文试卷;第四,建立考后反馈系统。
After a stormy course new China 46 college entrance examination as an important component of the mother tongue language composition increasingly era of the college entrance examination, ideological, and speculative scientific, but each of these propositions is not suitable for a student culture background, especially those who from rural and cultural backgrounds of the students. Therefore, the college entrance examination on the composition of urban and rural culture tendency problems, the promotion of fair college entrance examination is of great realistic significance.
First of all, in recent years the author of the new language essay questions for the college entrance examination and interpretation of carding, the college entrance examination found that there exists a certain composition urban culture tendency, to the detriment of rural candidates. In support of my argument, the author of Henan Province, Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality six of the 273 college students and some teachers in-depth surveys and interviews, through a series of statistics the results and analysis show that: students in urban and rural parents qualifications, Language status, family collection, and family counselling have varying degrees of difference. Overall, students from the city in the family and educational background of parents transmitted to the cultural capital occupy significant advantages, and the difference between larger and rural students. This difference has a direct bearing on students tend to the cultural values, and in the process of writing showing that a different cultural characteristics.
Secondly, through the attribution that lead to university entrance examination essay urban culture is that the tendency of the main reasons for China's dual economic structure under the cultural impact, the examination-oriented culture of the modern impact of Proposition cultural background, the impact of the college entrance examination essay Proposition gatekeeper corresponding lack of supervision mechanisms based on this, the composition of the College Entrance Examination urban culture is inclined to the negative impact of the obvious, that is not conducive to the fair entrance examination, to the detriment of rural students to the correct values, and not conducive to the building of a harmonious society.
Finally, the College Entrance Examination culture based on the concept of fairness, we believe that the promotion of the college entrance examination of the composition of urban and rural culture should be just and fair, equality and humanity. Writing for the college entrance examination of the fairness of urban and rural cultural strategy should be operational from the following four aspects: First, the establishment of the college entrance examination system, second, the integration of the college entrance examination essay Proposition contingent Third, the scientific design of the college entrance examination composition papers Fourth, the establishment of test after the feedback system.
引文
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