山地城市公共交通换乘枢纽布局规划研究
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摘要
近年来,公共交通得到大力的发展,但在发展过程中也存在着一系列的问题,其中最主要的问题是公交换乘枢纽与公交网络不能紧密衔接同步发展,即公交一体化问题;同时,公交换乘枢纽布局不合理,换乘不便,导致公交吸引力下降。这些问题在山地城市中显得尤为突出。因此,基于一体化理念,探索与公交网络一体化的山地城市公交换乘枢纽布局规划方法,建立一体化公交体系已成为解决山地城市公交问题,发展山城公交系统的迫切需要。
论文首先从城市公交换乘衔接的基本原理入手,结合国内外先进城市的实践经验和山地城市换乘枢纽的特点,分析了城市公交换乘枢纽在整个城市交通系统中的功能定位,并在分析现有公交换乘枢纽布局规划方法及其存在问题的基础上,结合山地城市用地布局特点以及交通特征,探讨山地城市公交换乘枢纽布局模式的发展趋向,基于一体化思想,构建了与公交网络一体化的公交换乘枢纽布局模式;再次,在对比分析交通分布模型、方式划分模型等公交换乘枢纽换乘客流量预测模型优缺点的基础上,将集计重力模型与非集计MNL模型相结合,建立了更为优化的换乘量预测模型。然后,以换乘需求为前提,以公交换乘枢纽与公交网络的一体化结合为根本出发点,建立二者之间的动态反馈机制,在此基础上分别对公交换乘枢纽的规模、选址、内部布局进行一体化研究,实现对传统枢纽布局规划方法的改进和提高,从而形成真正意义上的与公交网络一体化的公交换乘枢纽布局方案;最后,建立评价指标体系并对评价指标进行量化处理,应用多层次模糊综合评价方法对与公交网络一体化的公交换乘枢纽布局方案进行综合评价。
论文以重庆市两路公交换乘枢纽的布局方案为例,论证了该研究方法具有一定的科学性和可操作性。
In recent years, the development of public transport is great, but in the development process there are a number of problems, the main problem is that public transport transfer hub and public transport network can not be closely coordinated and simultaneously developed. Meanwhile, the distribution of public transport transfer hub is irrational, the transfer is inconvenient, and lead to the down of public transport attraction. These problems are particularly prominent in mountain city. Therefore, base on the integration concept, explore planning method which integrated public transport transfer hub and public transport network of mountain city, and establish a integrated public transport system has become in urgent need to solve the public transport problem and to develop the transportation system of mountain city.
Firstly, start from the basic theory of city public transport transfer convergence, combine practical experiences of national advanced city and transfer hub’s characteristics of mountain city, analyse the functional orientation of city public transport transfer hub in whole urban transport system, and base on the analysis of layout planning methods and problems of existing public transport transfer hub, and combine land layout features and traffic features of mountain city, explore development trend of public transit transfer hub’s layout model of mountain city, base on the idea of integration, build public transit transfer hub’s layout mode which has been integrated with the public transport network. Again, contrast and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of traffic distribution model and traffic means mode, these two models are transfer forecasting model of public transit transfer hub, combine the gravity model with MNL model, establish transfer prediction model that is more optimal. Then, take transfer demand as the first consideration, take the integration of public transit transfer hub and public transport network as the fundamental starting point, establish dynamic feedback mechanism between public transit transfer hub and public transport network, and then on this basis make integration research on the scale, site selection, internal layout of public transit transfer hub, in order to improve and enhance the traditional layout method, to achieve the last target of formating best layout program which truly integrated public transit transfer hub with public transport network. Finally, establish evaluation index system and make quantification for the evaluation index, and take use of multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to make general evaluation on public transit transfer hub’s layout program which has been integrated with public transport network.
In the thesis, take the layout program of public transit transfer hub of Chongqing lianglu as example, prove that the method in these thesis has been put forward is scientific and practical.
论文首先从城市公交换乘衔接的基本原理入手,结合国内外先进城市的实践经验和山地城市换乘枢纽的特点,分析了城市公交换乘枢纽在整个城市交通系统中的功能定位,并在分析现有公交换乘枢纽布局规划方法及其存在问题的基础上,结合山地城市用地布局特点以及交通特征,探讨山地城市公交换乘枢纽布局模式的发展趋向,基于一体化思想,构建了与公交网络一体化的公交换乘枢纽布局模式;再次,在对比分析交通分布模型、方式划分模型等公交换乘枢纽换乘客流量预测模型优缺点的基础上,将集计重力模型与非集计MNL模型相结合,建立了更为优化的换乘量预测模型。然后,以换乘需求为前提,以公交换乘枢纽与公交网络的一体化结合为根本出发点,建立二者之间的动态反馈机制,在此基础上分别对公交换乘枢纽的规模、选址、内部布局进行一体化研究,实现对传统枢纽布局规划方法的改进和提高,从而形成真正意义上的与公交网络一体化的公交换乘枢纽布局方案;最后,建立评价指标体系并对评价指标进行量化处理,应用多层次模糊综合评价方法对与公交网络一体化的公交换乘枢纽布局方案进行综合评价。
论文以重庆市两路公交换乘枢纽的布局方案为例,论证了该研究方法具有一定的科学性和可操作性。
In recent years, the development of public transport is great, but in the development process there are a number of problems, the main problem is that public transport transfer hub and public transport network can not be closely coordinated and simultaneously developed. Meanwhile, the distribution of public transport transfer hub is irrational, the transfer is inconvenient, and lead to the down of public transport attraction. These problems are particularly prominent in mountain city. Therefore, base on the integration concept, explore planning method which integrated public transport transfer hub and public transport network of mountain city, and establish a integrated public transport system has become in urgent need to solve the public transport problem and to develop the transportation system of mountain city.
Firstly, start from the basic theory of city public transport transfer convergence, combine practical experiences of national advanced city and transfer hub’s characteristics of mountain city, analyse the functional orientation of city public transport transfer hub in whole urban transport system, and base on the analysis of layout planning methods and problems of existing public transport transfer hub, and combine land layout features and traffic features of mountain city, explore development trend of public transit transfer hub’s layout model of mountain city, base on the idea of integration, build public transit transfer hub’s layout mode which has been integrated with the public transport network. Again, contrast and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of traffic distribution model and traffic means mode, these two models are transfer forecasting model of public transit transfer hub, combine the gravity model with MNL model, establish transfer prediction model that is more optimal. Then, take transfer demand as the first consideration, take the integration of public transit transfer hub and public transport network as the fundamental starting point, establish dynamic feedback mechanism between public transit transfer hub and public transport network, and then on this basis make integration research on the scale, site selection, internal layout of public transit transfer hub, in order to improve and enhance the traditional layout method, to achieve the last target of formating best layout program which truly integrated public transit transfer hub with public transport network. Finally, establish evaluation index system and make quantification for the evaluation index, and take use of multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to make general evaluation on public transit transfer hub’s layout program which has been integrated with public transport network.
In the thesis, take the layout program of public transit transfer hub of Chongqing lianglu as example, prove that the method in these thesis has been put forward is scientific and practical.
引文
[1]黄晓红.以交通一体化为导向的城市客运枢纽模式研究[D],南京林业大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[2]武丽.中等城市客运枢纽站场布局规划研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[3]斯卡洛夫.城市交通枢纽的发展[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982,99~121.
[4]H.B.普拉夫金,B.A.涅格列依.枢纽内各种运输方式的协调[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1992,78~92.
[5]Campbell,James F. Hub location and the p-hub median problem[J],Operations Research,1996,44 (6):923~935.
[6]Yafeng Du.Fleet sizing and empty equipment redistribution forcenter-terminal transportation networks[J],Management Scienee,1997,43(2):145~157.
[7]Raymond K Cheung. Impact of dynamic decision making on hub-and-spokefreight transportation networks[J],Annals of operations Research,1999,87:49-71.
[8]Bates E.G.A Study of Passenger Transfer Facilities[J],TRR,1978,662:72~77.
[9]Demetsky,M.J.,L.A.Hoel.A Transit Station Design Process[J],TRR,1978,622:81~85.
[10]Kaori Miiutani,Takamasa Akiyama.Construction of Modal with a Descriptive Utility Function Using Reasoning[C],2001,IEEE:852.
[11]VlamdimirMarianov,Daniel Serra.Location of Hubs in a Competetitive Envionment[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2003.
[12]魏恒,任福田.人机参与大城市客运枢纽选址法[J],系统工程,1992:51~57.
[13]王钦,王炜,李铁柱等.城市公交换乘枢纽规划方法[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2004,4(3):82~85.
[14]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1998,65~77.
[15]陈富昱.城市公交枢纽布局方法研究[J].城市交通,2004:32~35.
[16]葛亮.城市综合客运换乘枢纽规划及设计方法研究[D],东南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[17]成受明.山地城市空间扩展动力机制及扩展模式研究[J],2003.
[18]黄光宇.山地城镇规划建设与环境生态[M],北京:科学出版社,1994.
[19]陈华香.山地城市绿色开敞空间系统构建研究[J],福建农林大学硕士论文,2006:4.
[20]THE ANNUAL TRAFFIC CENSUS 2004,香港运输署,2004.
[21]何海涛.城市客运换乘枢纽研究[D],同济大学硕士学位论文,1998.
[22]苏永云.公路客运与城市交通衔接优化分析方法[A],上海:同济大学出版社,1999.
[23]王秋平.城市其他客运交通换乘轨道交通协调探讨[J],西安建筑科技大学学报,2003,15(2):43~50.
[24]Lutin J,Benz G. Keya assues in light rail transit and station design[J],In Transportation Research Record1361,RB,Washington,DC,1992:24~29.
[25]李桂玲.双层规划中的几个问题的研究[D],山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[26]陈克东.二层规划问题的研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[27]程颖.城市核心地区综合交通枢纽规划[J],会议论文,2001:33~38.
[28]李乾,董宝田,季常煦.综合客运枢纽一体化建设的意义与影响[J],综合评述,2009(10):l~2.
[29]吴冰花.与交通网络一体化的大型客运枢纽布局研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[30]王缉宪.国外城市土地利用与交通一体规划的方法与实践[J],国外城市规划,2001(1):5~9.
[31]刘迁.城市大型交通枢纽规划方法研究,北京城建设计研究院,广州市交通规划研究所,2001.
[32]叶霞飞,顾保南.城市轨道交通规划与设计[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2001,201~221.
[33]李双宝.与交通网络一体化的公路货运枢纽规划方法研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[34]谢素华.交通科技项目多层次模糊综合评价研究[J],长安大学学报,2007.
[35]叶霞飞,顾保南.城市轨道交通规划与设计[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2001,45~82.
[36]张三省,姚志刚.公路运输枢纽规划与设计[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2005,91~103.
[37]刘灿齐.交通枢纽选址与网络设计同时优化的模型与算法[J],公路交通科技,2002.
[38]柯友华.交通系统设计研究与实践[J],上海,同济大学出版社,2004:346~347.
[39]Maged Dessouky,Randolph Hall.Bus Dispatching at Timed Transfer Transit Stations using Bus racking Technology[J],Transportation Research Part C,1999.
[40]Aykin.T.Hub Location and Routing Problem[J],European journal of operational research,May,1995.
[41]Subprason.K.Seneviratnc.P.N.and Kilpala.H.K.Cost-based space estimation in passenger erminals[J],Journal of Transportation Engineering,2002.
[42]裴玉龙.公路网规划[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[43]刘琪,晏克非.公路站场规划布局方案综合评价方法研究[J],公路交通科技,2005:22.
[44]孟宪军.大连市公路客运站布局规划研究[D],大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[45]管国栋.公路主枢纽货运场站布局方案群体灰色优选的决策研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[46]陈大伟.大城市对外客运枢纽规划与设计理论研究[D],东南大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[47]贾倩.综合交通枢纽布局规划研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[48]陆化普.综合交通枢纽规划[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[49]关仕置.公路主枢纽城市站场布局方法与方案综合评价研究[D],长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[50]王建聪.城市客运枢纽换乘组织关键问题研究[D],北京交通大学博士学位论文,2006.
[51]张学尽.城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调性研究[D],西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[52]孙逢春,王震坡,王军.北京市公共汽车平均车速统计分析[J],汽车工程,2003,25(3):219~222.
[2]武丽.中等城市客运枢纽站场布局规划研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[3]斯卡洛夫.城市交通枢纽的发展[M],北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1982,99~121.
[4]H.B.普拉夫金,B.A.涅格列依.枢纽内各种运输方式的协调[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,1992,78~92.
[5]Campbell,James F. Hub location and the p-hub median problem[J],Operations Research,1996,44 (6):923~935.
[6]Yafeng Du.Fleet sizing and empty equipment redistribution forcenter-terminal transportation networks[J],Management Scienee,1997,43(2):145~157.
[7]Raymond K Cheung. Impact of dynamic decision making on hub-and-spokefreight transportation networks[J],Annals of operations Research,1999,87:49-71.
[8]Bates E.G.A Study of Passenger Transfer Facilities[J],TRR,1978,662:72~77.
[9]Demetsky,M.J.,L.A.Hoel.A Transit Station Design Process[J],TRR,1978,622:81~85.
[10]Kaori Miiutani,Takamasa Akiyama.Construction of Modal with a Descriptive Utility Function Using Reasoning[C],2001,IEEE:852.
[11]VlamdimirMarianov,Daniel Serra.Location of Hubs in a Competetitive Envionment[J],European Journal of Operational Research,2003.
[12]魏恒,任福田.人机参与大城市客运枢纽选址法[J],系统工程,1992:51~57.
[13]王钦,王炜,李铁柱等.城市公交换乘枢纽规划方法[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2004,4(3):82~85.
[14]陆化普.交通规划理论与方法[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1998,65~77.
[15]陈富昱.城市公交枢纽布局方法研究[J].城市交通,2004:32~35.
[16]葛亮.城市综合客运换乘枢纽规划及设计方法研究[D],东南大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[17]成受明.山地城市空间扩展动力机制及扩展模式研究[J],2003.
[18]黄光宇.山地城镇规划建设与环境生态[M],北京:科学出版社,1994.
[19]陈华香.山地城市绿色开敞空间系统构建研究[J],福建农林大学硕士论文,2006:4.
[20]THE ANNUAL TRAFFIC CENSUS 2004,香港运输署,2004.
[21]何海涛.城市客运换乘枢纽研究[D],同济大学硕士学位论文,1998.
[22]苏永云.公路客运与城市交通衔接优化分析方法[A],上海:同济大学出版社,1999.
[23]王秋平.城市其他客运交通换乘轨道交通协调探讨[J],西安建筑科技大学学报,2003,15(2):43~50.
[24]Lutin J,Benz G. Keya assues in light rail transit and station design[J],In Transportation Research Record1361,RB,Washington,DC,1992:24~29.
[25]李桂玲.双层规划中的几个问题的研究[D],山东科技大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[26]陈克东.二层规划问题的研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[27]程颖.城市核心地区综合交通枢纽规划[J],会议论文,2001:33~38.
[28]李乾,董宝田,季常煦.综合客运枢纽一体化建设的意义与影响[J],综合评述,2009(10):l~2.
[29]吴冰花.与交通网络一体化的大型客运枢纽布局研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[30]王缉宪.国外城市土地利用与交通一体规划的方法与实践[J],国外城市规划,2001(1):5~9.
[31]刘迁.城市大型交通枢纽规划方法研究,北京城建设计研究院,广州市交通规划研究所,2001.
[32]叶霞飞,顾保南.城市轨道交通规划与设计[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2001,201~221.
[33]李双宝.与交通网络一体化的公路货运枢纽规划方法研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[34]谢素华.交通科技项目多层次模糊综合评价研究[J],长安大学学报,2007.
[35]叶霞飞,顾保南.城市轨道交通规划与设计[M],北京:中国铁道出版社,2001,45~82.
[36]张三省,姚志刚.公路运输枢纽规划与设计[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2005,91~103.
[37]刘灿齐.交通枢纽选址与网络设计同时优化的模型与算法[J],公路交通科技,2002.
[38]柯友华.交通系统设计研究与实践[J],上海,同济大学出版社,2004:346~347.
[39]Maged Dessouky,Randolph Hall.Bus Dispatching at Timed Transfer Transit Stations using Bus racking Technology[J],Transportation Research Part C,1999.
[40]Aykin.T.Hub Location and Routing Problem[J],European journal of operational research,May,1995.
[41]Subprason.K.Seneviratnc.P.N.and Kilpala.H.K.Cost-based space estimation in passenger erminals[J],Journal of Transportation Engineering,2002.
[42]裴玉龙.公路网规划[M],北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[43]刘琪,晏克非.公路站场规划布局方案综合评价方法研究[J],公路交通科技,2005:22.
[44]孟宪军.大连市公路客运站布局规划研究[D],大连海事大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[45]管国栋.公路主枢纽货运场站布局方案群体灰色优选的决策研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[46]陈大伟.大城市对外客运枢纽规划与设计理论研究[D],东南大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[47]贾倩.综合交通枢纽布局规划研究[D],长安大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[48]陆化普.综合交通枢纽规划[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[49]关仕置.公路主枢纽城市站场布局方法与方案综合评价研究[D],长沙理工大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[50]王建聪.城市客运枢纽换乘组织关键问题研究[D],北京交通大学博士学位论文,2006.
[51]张学尽.城市轨道交通与常规公交换乘协调性研究[D],西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2001.
[52]孙逢春,王震坡,王军.北京市公共汽车平均车速统计分析[J],汽车工程,2003,25(3):219~222.