高压混合型有源电力滤波器关键技术在工业中的应用研究
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摘要
随着社会进步和科技发展,人们对提高电能质量的呼声高涨,但是随着电力电子装置的广泛应用,电力系统的谐波污染已日益严重。传统的无功补偿和滤波方法已经适应不了用户对电能质量的要求,也日益影响着各电器设备的寿命和精准运转,如何发挥有源滤波器动态治理各次谐波的特点,提供可靠有效的电能质量,已成为谐波滤除的主要发展趋势。因此,加速推进高压谐波治理和大容量无功补偿的理论和相关技术的研究,并加快实行产业化已上升到国家战略高度,成为国家节能减排的主力。
本文结合广西某变电站35kV混合型有源电力滤波系统的工程,以高压混合型有源电力滤波器理论技术为基础,研究了35kV混合型有源电力滤波器及其运行特性、35kVHAPF自适应分频控制方法、主电路参数设计方法、谐波域死区效应分析及补偿措施、接着分析了35kV混合型有源电力滤波系统在工程应用时的若干关键技术难点问题,提出了一些有效的解决措施；论文介绍了系统的设计方法和一些工程经验可推广到其它企业及类似变电站,为混合型有源滤波系统的推广应用提供有益的参考。本文从以下几个方面来介绍该研究项目的内容。
1、根据对传统的注入有源滤波器的优缺点进行了分析,提出了一种新型串联谐振注入式混合型有源电力滤波器拓扑结构,并对新型35kV混合型有源电力滤波器的基本工作原理和拓扑结构进行了分析,对补偿特性和稳定性进行了研究,与传统的注入式结构相比,SRHAPF在谐波注入能力以及避免注入支路谐波放大方面具有很好的优越性,确保了系统在电网谐波电压含量较大时仍能安全稳定的工作。通过分析可知,SRHAPF不仅可以提供大容量的无功功率,还具有良好的稳态谐波治理能力；谐波治理鲁棒性强,几乎不受电网阻抗及基波谐振支路参数变化的影响；在兼顾谐波治理和无功补偿的同时,还对电网等效阻抗与无源支路间可能的串并联谐振具有良好的抑制效果；利用Routh判据对SRHAPF系统进行稳定性研究表明,在K即使取值很大时也能稳定运行。
2通过检测负载谐波电流,可获得良好的负载谐波电流抑制效果；通过检测电源谐波电流,可以抑制无源滤波器和电网可能发生的谐振,提高无源滤波器的滤波特性。采用复合控制方法时,两个控制系统Ks和K1是全完解耦的,因此可以根据需要对两个系数进行完全独立的控制,从而获得满意的控制效果。考虑到有源电力滤波器数字化控制系统中存在的延时,会降低有源滤波器的补偿效果,本文提出一种有源电力滤波参考电流的自适应预测方法,即使电网频率或幅值发生变化,仍可准确地得到期望结果。为改进传统控制算法中的不足和消除各次谐波控制之间的耦合性,使调节更加具有目的性,并增加控制系统的鲁棒性能,本文提出了一种改进神经元分频控制的方法对电网中超过标准的特定次数谐波进行分频检测和控制,即分别对各次谐波量进行PI控制。它有效抑制了各次谐波调节之间存在的交叉耦合现象,提高了混合型有源滤波器的谐波补偿效果与动态性能。
3、对35KV型混合有源滤波器中的无源滤波器及支路的优化设计问题进行了探讨。给出了支路和无源滤波器设计时所应遵循的一般性原则和安全性、可靠性原则,通过相关的分析方法和结论可为其它类型的混合有源滤波器的优化设计提供借鉴,同时对三相干式空心电抗器组的排列方式进行了定量和定性两方面的研究和分析,并对有源滤波器的参数对整个装置的运行性能的影响,对有源部分的逆变器,耦合变压器,输出滤波器和直流侧电容的设计进行了分析,为工程应用提供了理论指导。
4、根据有源电力滤波器的工作特点,探讨了死区效应的产生机理以及对APF输出波形的影响,提出死区效应影响系数来量化死区对APF输出的影响程度,分析和仿真表明死区时间和开关频率是涉及死区效应影响的关键因素。本文比较研究了3种易于工程应用的死区补偿方法：无死区开关控制模式通过设定合理判断区间,仅在输出电流换向阶段加入死区,其他时间通过判断电流方向以封锁相应桥臂的触发脉冲,从而有效降低死区效应的影响；新型电流反馈死区补偿方法根据检测APF输出电流的极性,利用改进规则采样法来变化调制脉冲的宽度抵消死区效应对输出的影响；死区时间在线预补偿方法通过坐标变换检测出死区引起的6倍频谐波分量,并据此修正APF给定控制信号,达到完全消除死区影响的目的。
5、针对变电站大功率谐波治理和无功补偿的需求,本文在前述几个章节的理论分析的基础上,结合工程应用背景,分析了该变电站配电网线路阻抗、系统容量、电流畸变情况及无功需求；然后为该变电站设计了谐波治理和无功补偿整体方案。以实际工程应用为背景,设计了系统方案,介绍了装置结构,控制器硬件设计,以及DSP软件算法实现,文章所述的设计思路和一些工程经验可推广到其它电能质量相关设备中,为设计提供有益的参考和借鉴。
综上所述,本文以35KV混合型有源电力滤波器理论技术为基础,设计出谐波综合补偿技术和系统方案,通过工程应用表明,该技术和方案可行可靠,在用户中反映良好。这些研究成果可为国家节能减排政策的落实提供技术支撑,对构建绿色电网、为企业及类似变电站绿色电能消耗和输送通道提供技术保障,为混合型有源滤波系统的推广应用提供有益的参考。
With the advances of society and the development of science and technology, more and more strict requirement for power quality is needed by power users because of the problems caused by voltage quality and harmonics are becoming increasingly serious. But harmonics pollution of the power system is serious as the extensive application of electronic devices. the traditional reactive power compensation and filter method can't satisfy user's need,and has great affection to the electrical equipment in using time and precise running, how to use the active power filter to do harmonic suppression dynamically, providing reliable and good the power quality has become a major in harmonic suppression. therefore, it is imperative to promote the research process of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation together by an integrated equipment in the power transmission and distribution system, it has become national strategy in national energy saving.
Based on the project of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation in35kV transitional power station in Guang Xi province, focusing on theory and application of high voltage hybrid active power filter,35kV hybrid active power filter and its running characteristics and adaptive control with frequency division and design parameters of the main circuit and dead-time effect and its compensation strategies are studied, then analyzing some key technology in the application of35kV hybrid active power filter. Some measures are put to these problems. The overall design of system is introduced detailed, the design and some work experience is also extended to other transitional power station, providing a useful reference for other appliction. The characteristics, innovation and beneficial conclusion of the project is introduced by this thesis as following.
The advantage and disadvantage of traditional injection hybrid Active Power Filter(SRHAPF) is analyzed, the topology of a new series resonance injection hybrid active power filter was proposed, the basic principle and structure of the new hybrid35kV was analyzed, the compensation and stability was studied, and the traditional injection structure、the harmonic injection ability and avoiding enlarging harmonic in injection branch for SRHAPF has bigger superiority, SRHAPF can provide large has good robustness, not to be impacted by impedance in the grid and branch parameters in fundament, it has good effect suppression to equivalent impedance of the grid and series and shunt resonance branch filter with harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation, the research results shows SRHAPF has good stability by Routh.
The composite control of active power filter is proposed in harmonic current detecting of the load and harmonic current of the grid, it can get a good load current of harmonic suppression, suppressing the resonance of passive power filter and the grid and improving the filtering capacity of passive power filters. The two control parameters of Ks and KL are decoupling completely by composite control method, which can require two independent control coefficients and obtain satisfactory effect. The delay of active power filter of digital control system is took into account, which will reduce compensation effect of the active power filter, even causing high harmonic amplify, making safe and reliable operation of the system get worse. An adaptive prediction method based on reference current of active power filter is presented by this thesis in order to reduce the delay of active power filter of digital control system. An adaptive prediction method based on reference current of active power filter has high accuracy and fast convergence; it can obtain accurately the desired results even if frequency or amplitude of the grid changes, A traditional fuzzy algorithm is regulated in the tracking error based on the ratio and integral coefficients(PI) of the total integral controller. Because of the nonlinear and randomness and strong disturbance of enterprises load, then the load current and harmonic amplitude change is not linear in proportion to the increase and decrease in any time, some change faster than others. Apparently, the parameters of this fuzzy uniform regulation on the compensation control of all the harmonics has blindness, then limiting to improve the traditional control algorithms effect.To get more perfect and increase the robustness of the control system, an improved neurons division frequency control in the grid is presented by this thesis,which can get frequency detection and control specific harmonics over the standard and use PI control respectively. The harmonic suppression dynamically of the hybrid active filter for is improved, the regulation of coupling between the harmonics is suppressed effectively.
Whether the hybrid active power filter (HAPF) could or not get desirable harmonic suppression effect, it mainly depends on the optimal design of passive power filter (PPF). Taking a new injection type HAPF as an example, this thesis studies the design methods of PPFs in the proposed topology structure, presents general principles and gives some considerations on safety and reliability, and analyzes the arrangements of the three-phase reactor groups. The demonstration result in the engineering application verifies the above mentioned theory, and the harmonic suppression effect is remarkable. The methods for theoretical analysis and relative conclusions can be used as references for the design of PPF for other type of HAPF.
Dead-time exists in the active power filters. By using the influence parameter of dead-time effect, this thesis carries on the quantitative simulation analysis of dead-time in fundamental component and harmonic domain. Combining the application experience, three methods of dead-time compensation are discussed in this thesis, including no dead time switch mode, novel current feedback dead time compensation method and dead time pre-compensation method. Simulation and experiment shows the efficiency of this method.
Aimed at need of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation of transitional power station,.Based on above chapters'theory,impedance of the grid system capacity、loading capacity distorted current and reactive power are analyzed combining engineering application, then the whole design device for harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation of transitional power station is given, simulations and application validates the effectiveness.
focusing on application in engineering, the system designed and application simulations is given by this thesis, the structure and design for controller hardware and DSP software algorithm is given detailed,the design and some experience is also provided a useful reference to other energy quality and related equipment.
According to above theory, Based on the project of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation in35kV transitional power station in Guang Xi province, focusing on theory and apply high voltage hybrid Active Power Filter,35kV hybrid active power filter and its running characteristics and adaptive control with frequency division and design parameters of the main circuit and dead-time effect and its compensation strategies are studied,some key technology problems in the application of35kV hybrid active power filter is put. The overall design of system is introduced detailed, the technology and solutions showed it is reliable and good in the project. These research results can provide technical support for national policy implementation of energy saving and reducting emissions, it can also provide technical support for green grid and enterprises and transitional power station, the design and some work experience is also extended to other field, providing a useful reference for application of hybrid active power filter
本文结合广西某变电站35kV混合型有源电力滤波系统的工程,以高压混合型有源电力滤波器理论技术为基础,研究了35kV混合型有源电力滤波器及其运行特性、35kVHAPF自适应分频控制方法、主电路参数设计方法、谐波域死区效应分析及补偿措施、接着分析了35kV混合型有源电力滤波系统在工程应用时的若干关键技术难点问题,提出了一些有效的解决措施；论文介绍了系统的设计方法和一些工程经验可推广到其它企业及类似变电站,为混合型有源滤波系统的推广应用提供有益的参考。本文从以下几个方面来介绍该研究项目的内容。
1、根据对传统的注入有源滤波器的优缺点进行了分析,提出了一种新型串联谐振注入式混合型有源电力滤波器拓扑结构,并对新型35kV混合型有源电力滤波器的基本工作原理和拓扑结构进行了分析,对补偿特性和稳定性进行了研究,与传统的注入式结构相比,SRHAPF在谐波注入能力以及避免注入支路谐波放大方面具有很好的优越性,确保了系统在电网谐波电压含量较大时仍能安全稳定的工作。通过分析可知,SRHAPF不仅可以提供大容量的无功功率,还具有良好的稳态谐波治理能力；谐波治理鲁棒性强,几乎不受电网阻抗及基波谐振支路参数变化的影响；在兼顾谐波治理和无功补偿的同时,还对电网等效阻抗与无源支路间可能的串并联谐振具有良好的抑制效果；利用Routh判据对SRHAPF系统进行稳定性研究表明,在K即使取值很大时也能稳定运行。
2通过检测负载谐波电流,可获得良好的负载谐波电流抑制效果；通过检测电源谐波电流,可以抑制无源滤波器和电网可能发生的谐振,提高无源滤波器的滤波特性。采用复合控制方法时,两个控制系统Ks和K1是全完解耦的,因此可以根据需要对两个系数进行完全独立的控制,从而获得满意的控制效果。考虑到有源电力滤波器数字化控制系统中存在的延时,会降低有源滤波器的补偿效果,本文提出一种有源电力滤波参考电流的自适应预测方法,即使电网频率或幅值发生变化,仍可准确地得到期望结果。为改进传统控制算法中的不足和消除各次谐波控制之间的耦合性,使调节更加具有目的性,并增加控制系统的鲁棒性能,本文提出了一种改进神经元分频控制的方法对电网中超过标准的特定次数谐波进行分频检测和控制,即分别对各次谐波量进行PI控制。它有效抑制了各次谐波调节之间存在的交叉耦合现象,提高了混合型有源滤波器的谐波补偿效果与动态性能。
3、对35KV型混合有源滤波器中的无源滤波器及支路的优化设计问题进行了探讨。给出了支路和无源滤波器设计时所应遵循的一般性原则和安全性、可靠性原则,通过相关的分析方法和结论可为其它类型的混合有源滤波器的优化设计提供借鉴,同时对三相干式空心电抗器组的排列方式进行了定量和定性两方面的研究和分析,并对有源滤波器的参数对整个装置的运行性能的影响,对有源部分的逆变器,耦合变压器,输出滤波器和直流侧电容的设计进行了分析,为工程应用提供了理论指导。
4、根据有源电力滤波器的工作特点,探讨了死区效应的产生机理以及对APF输出波形的影响,提出死区效应影响系数来量化死区对APF输出的影响程度,分析和仿真表明死区时间和开关频率是涉及死区效应影响的关键因素。本文比较研究了3种易于工程应用的死区补偿方法：无死区开关控制模式通过设定合理判断区间,仅在输出电流换向阶段加入死区,其他时间通过判断电流方向以封锁相应桥臂的触发脉冲,从而有效降低死区效应的影响；新型电流反馈死区补偿方法根据检测APF输出电流的极性,利用改进规则采样法来变化调制脉冲的宽度抵消死区效应对输出的影响；死区时间在线预补偿方法通过坐标变换检测出死区引起的6倍频谐波分量,并据此修正APF给定控制信号,达到完全消除死区影响的目的。
5、针对变电站大功率谐波治理和无功补偿的需求,本文在前述几个章节的理论分析的基础上,结合工程应用背景,分析了该变电站配电网线路阻抗、系统容量、电流畸变情况及无功需求；然后为该变电站设计了谐波治理和无功补偿整体方案。以实际工程应用为背景,设计了系统方案,介绍了装置结构,控制器硬件设计,以及DSP软件算法实现,文章所述的设计思路和一些工程经验可推广到其它电能质量相关设备中,为设计提供有益的参考和借鉴。
综上所述,本文以35KV混合型有源电力滤波器理论技术为基础,设计出谐波综合补偿技术和系统方案,通过工程应用表明,该技术和方案可行可靠,在用户中反映良好。这些研究成果可为国家节能减排政策的落实提供技术支撑,对构建绿色电网、为企业及类似变电站绿色电能消耗和输送通道提供技术保障,为混合型有源滤波系统的推广应用提供有益的参考。
With the advances of society and the development of science and technology, more and more strict requirement for power quality is needed by power users because of the problems caused by voltage quality and harmonics are becoming increasingly serious. But harmonics pollution of the power system is serious as the extensive application of electronic devices. the traditional reactive power compensation and filter method can't satisfy user's need,and has great affection to the electrical equipment in using time and precise running, how to use the active power filter to do harmonic suppression dynamically, providing reliable and good the power quality has become a major in harmonic suppression. therefore, it is imperative to promote the research process of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation together by an integrated equipment in the power transmission and distribution system, it has become national strategy in national energy saving.
Based on the project of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation in35kV transitional power station in Guang Xi province, focusing on theory and application of high voltage hybrid active power filter,35kV hybrid active power filter and its running characteristics and adaptive control with frequency division and design parameters of the main circuit and dead-time effect and its compensation strategies are studied, then analyzing some key technology in the application of35kV hybrid active power filter. Some measures are put to these problems. The overall design of system is introduced detailed, the design and some work experience is also extended to other transitional power station, providing a useful reference for other appliction. The characteristics, innovation and beneficial conclusion of the project is introduced by this thesis as following.
The advantage and disadvantage of traditional injection hybrid Active Power Filter(SRHAPF) is analyzed, the topology of a new series resonance injection hybrid active power filter was proposed, the basic principle and structure of the new hybrid35kV was analyzed, the compensation and stability was studied, and the traditional injection structure、the harmonic injection ability and avoiding enlarging harmonic in injection branch for SRHAPF has bigger superiority, SRHAPF can provide large has good robustness, not to be impacted by impedance in the grid and branch parameters in fundament, it has good effect suppression to equivalent impedance of the grid and series and shunt resonance branch filter with harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation, the research results shows SRHAPF has good stability by Routh.
The composite control of active power filter is proposed in harmonic current detecting of the load and harmonic current of the grid, it can get a good load current of harmonic suppression, suppressing the resonance of passive power filter and the grid and improving the filtering capacity of passive power filters. The two control parameters of Ks and KL are decoupling completely by composite control method, which can require two independent control coefficients and obtain satisfactory effect. The delay of active power filter of digital control system is took into account, which will reduce compensation effect of the active power filter, even causing high harmonic amplify, making safe and reliable operation of the system get worse. An adaptive prediction method based on reference current of active power filter is presented by this thesis in order to reduce the delay of active power filter of digital control system. An adaptive prediction method based on reference current of active power filter has high accuracy and fast convergence; it can obtain accurately the desired results even if frequency or amplitude of the grid changes, A traditional fuzzy algorithm is regulated in the tracking error based on the ratio and integral coefficients(PI) of the total integral controller. Because of the nonlinear and randomness and strong disturbance of enterprises load, then the load current and harmonic amplitude change is not linear in proportion to the increase and decrease in any time, some change faster than others. Apparently, the parameters of this fuzzy uniform regulation on the compensation control of all the harmonics has blindness, then limiting to improve the traditional control algorithms effect.To get more perfect and increase the robustness of the control system, an improved neurons division frequency control in the grid is presented by this thesis,which can get frequency detection and control specific harmonics over the standard and use PI control respectively. The harmonic suppression dynamically of the hybrid active filter for is improved, the regulation of coupling between the harmonics is suppressed effectively.
Whether the hybrid active power filter (HAPF) could or not get desirable harmonic suppression effect, it mainly depends on the optimal design of passive power filter (PPF). Taking a new injection type HAPF as an example, this thesis studies the design methods of PPFs in the proposed topology structure, presents general principles and gives some considerations on safety and reliability, and analyzes the arrangements of the three-phase reactor groups. The demonstration result in the engineering application verifies the above mentioned theory, and the harmonic suppression effect is remarkable. The methods for theoretical analysis and relative conclusions can be used as references for the design of PPF for other type of HAPF.
Dead-time exists in the active power filters. By using the influence parameter of dead-time effect, this thesis carries on the quantitative simulation analysis of dead-time in fundamental component and harmonic domain. Combining the application experience, three methods of dead-time compensation are discussed in this thesis, including no dead time switch mode, novel current feedback dead time compensation method and dead time pre-compensation method. Simulation and experiment shows the efficiency of this method.
Aimed at need of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation of transitional power station,.Based on above chapters'theory,impedance of the grid system capacity、loading capacity distorted current and reactive power are analyzed combining engineering application, then the whole design device for harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation of transitional power station is given, simulations and application validates the effectiveness.
focusing on application in engineering, the system designed and application simulations is given by this thesis, the structure and design for controller hardware and DSP software algorithm is given detailed,the design and some experience is also provided a useful reference to other energy quality and related equipment.
According to above theory, Based on the project of harmonics suppression and reactive power compensation in35kV transitional power station in Guang Xi province, focusing on theory and apply high voltage hybrid Active Power Filter,35kV hybrid active power filter and its running characteristics and adaptive control with frequency division and design parameters of the main circuit and dead-time effect and its compensation strategies are studied,some key technology problems in the application of35kV hybrid active power filter is put. The overall design of system is introduced detailed, the technology and solutions showed it is reliable and good in the project. These research results can provide technical support for national policy implementation of energy saving and reducting emissions, it can also provide technical support for green grid and enterprises and transitional power station, the design and some work experience is also extended to other field, providing a useful reference for application of hybrid active power filter
引文
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