三维CAPP系统中特征识别技术研究与应用
摘要
工艺设计是联系产品设计与制造的桥梁,基于三维的CAPP是实现工艺设计定量化与智能化的重要手段,对于提高产品研发水平具有重要意义。随着计算机技术的发展,特征技术理论在CAPP中展示出其独特的优势,推动了三维CAPP的发展。本论文结合三维CAPP系统发展需求,采用基于体分解与组合的特征识别方法,探讨特征识别过程中特征信息的描述、存储、匹配及提取方法,以实现CAD/CAPP集成过程中数据的交换与共享。本文主要研究工作如下：
(1)分析了现有的特征识别方法及存在问题,针对集成过程中CAPP系统的发展需求,提出了采用基于体分解与组合方法对CAD模型信息进行特征识别,并应用于三维CAPP系统的开发；构建了基于特征识别方法的三维CAPP系统架构。
(2)在研究零件特征信息的一般描述方法基础上,提出了基于属性邻接图的特征信息描述法,并进行一定的扩展；研究了零件模型信息的存储方法,提出了采用扩展属性邻接矩阵及扩展属性信息表的方式分别对零件模型的几何拓扑信息及非几何拓扑信息进行存储；介绍了特征识别方法中出现的各种过程模型,并采用上述方式进行存储,便于后续操作。
(3)研究了体分解与组合的特征识别方法中几种典型的单元切削体邻接矩阵,并制定了基于这些典型邻接矩阵的特征信息匹配方法,从而完成单元切削体的识别；研究了三维CAPP系统中特征信息的提取方法,分别介绍了SolidWorks文件及STEP文件的信息提取方法；研究了利用特征识别方法对三维工艺设计模型进行工序模型重建的方法及步骤。
(4)基于三维CAPP系统架构,进行了相关的开发工作,举例说明了特征识别技术在三维CAPP系统中的应用情况。
本论文将基于体分解与组合的特征识别方法应用于三维CAPP系统的开发,不仅有助于提高工艺设计的智能化,同时也为CAD/CAPP/CAM的集成应用提供了一条有效的途径。
Process design is the bridge between product design and manufacturing, the CAPP system based on3D-model, which has great significant to improve the level of product research, is the important means to realize the quantification and intelligent of the process design. Along with the development of computer, the technical theory of the characteristics in CAPP has showed its unique advantage, which has promoted the development of3D-CAPP. This thesis combines the requirement of the3D-CAPP system, uses the feature recognition method based on body decomposition and combination, discusses how to describe,store, match and extract the feature information, then achieves the exchange and sharing of the data during the integration of CAD/CAPP. The mainly research work of this thesis is as follows:
(1) The existed methods and problems of feature recognition technology were analyzed; directed to the demand of CAPP system during the integration, the feature recognition method based on body decomposition and combination were put forward, at the same time, were applied into the development of3D-CAPP system, and then a system architecture were constructed based on this method.
(2) Based on the general description method of part feature information, a method based on adjacency graph had been proposed and then performed some extension. The thesis researched the method about how to store the information of the part, and used the expanded attribute adjacency matrix to store the part's figure structure, used the extended attribute information table to store the other information. Also introduced various process models appearing in the feature recognition method, and used the above method to store their information, which facilitated to the subsequent operations.
(3) Some typical unit dela-volumes and their adjacency matrix in feature recognition technology were researched, also, the feature information matching method was formulated based on these typical adjacency matrixes, and then the recognition of dela-volume could been finished. The extraction method of characteristics information in3D-CAPP system was introduced, respectively about the SolidWorks files and STEP files. The rebuilding method about process model during the3D process design was researched, which had used the feature recognition technology.
(4) Based on the3D-CAPP system structure which been build above,many related development work was started, a example was used to illustrate the application situation of the feature recognition technology in3D-CAPP system.
This thesis mainly researches the feature recognition method based on body decomposition and combination, applies it into the3D-CAPP system. It is not only helpful to enhance the intelligence of process feature recognition, but also provides an effective way to integrate CAD/CAPP, with certain theory significance and practice application values.
(1)分析了现有的特征识别方法及存在问题,针对集成过程中CAPP系统的发展需求,提出了采用基于体分解与组合方法对CAD模型信息进行特征识别,并应用于三维CAPP系统的开发；构建了基于特征识别方法的三维CAPP系统架构。
(2)在研究零件特征信息的一般描述方法基础上,提出了基于属性邻接图的特征信息描述法,并进行一定的扩展；研究了零件模型信息的存储方法,提出了采用扩展属性邻接矩阵及扩展属性信息表的方式分别对零件模型的几何拓扑信息及非几何拓扑信息进行存储；介绍了特征识别方法中出现的各种过程模型,并采用上述方式进行存储,便于后续操作。
(3)研究了体分解与组合的特征识别方法中几种典型的单元切削体邻接矩阵,并制定了基于这些典型邻接矩阵的特征信息匹配方法,从而完成单元切削体的识别；研究了三维CAPP系统中特征信息的提取方法,分别介绍了SolidWorks文件及STEP文件的信息提取方法；研究了利用特征识别方法对三维工艺设计模型进行工序模型重建的方法及步骤。
(4)基于三维CAPP系统架构,进行了相关的开发工作,举例说明了特征识别技术在三维CAPP系统中的应用情况。
本论文将基于体分解与组合的特征识别方法应用于三维CAPP系统的开发,不仅有助于提高工艺设计的智能化,同时也为CAD/CAPP/CAM的集成应用提供了一条有效的途径。
Process design is the bridge between product design and manufacturing, the CAPP system based on3D-model, which has great significant to improve the level of product research, is the important means to realize the quantification and intelligent of the process design. Along with the development of computer, the technical theory of the characteristics in CAPP has showed its unique advantage, which has promoted the development of3D-CAPP. This thesis combines the requirement of the3D-CAPP system, uses the feature recognition method based on body decomposition and combination, discusses how to describe,store, match and extract the feature information, then achieves the exchange and sharing of the data during the integration of CAD/CAPP. The mainly research work of this thesis is as follows:
(1) The existed methods and problems of feature recognition technology were analyzed; directed to the demand of CAPP system during the integration, the feature recognition method based on body decomposition and combination were put forward, at the same time, were applied into the development of3D-CAPP system, and then a system architecture were constructed based on this method.
(2) Based on the general description method of part feature information, a method based on adjacency graph had been proposed and then performed some extension. The thesis researched the method about how to store the information of the part, and used the expanded attribute adjacency matrix to store the part's figure structure, used the extended attribute information table to store the other information. Also introduced various process models appearing in the feature recognition method, and used the above method to store their information, which facilitated to the subsequent operations.
(3) Some typical unit dela-volumes and their adjacency matrix in feature recognition technology were researched, also, the feature information matching method was formulated based on these typical adjacency matrixes, and then the recognition of dela-volume could been finished. The extraction method of characteristics information in3D-CAPP system was introduced, respectively about the SolidWorks files and STEP files. The rebuilding method about process model during the3D process design was researched, which had used the feature recognition technology.
(4) Based on the3D-CAPP system structure which been build above,many related development work was started, a example was used to illustrate the application situation of the feature recognition technology in3D-CAPP system.
This thesis mainly researches the feature recognition method based on body decomposition and combination, applies it into the3D-CAPP system. It is not only helpful to enhance the intelligence of process feature recognition, but also provides an effective way to integrate CAD/CAPP, with certain theory significance and practice application values.
引文
[1]严隽薇.现代集成制造系统概论[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004.
[2]赵汝嘉,孙波.计算机辅助工艺设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[3]程璞.UG环境下基于加工特征的三维CAPP系统开发[D].西安：西安工业大学,2009.
[4]吴浩.基于NX环境下3D-CAPP特征识别与提取[D].西安：西安工业大学,2011.
[5]秦宝荣.智能CAPP系统的关键技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2003.
[6]刘艳斌,赵海兵.基于3D-CAPP技术及其发展研究[J].机械制造,2006,44(505)：14-16.
[7]丘宏俊,俞文静.基于产品三维模型的工艺设计及可视化技术研究[J].中国制造业信息化,2009,38(11)：28-31.
[8]Mark Richard Henderson. Shape feature definition and recognition in Internet-based product design [D].West Lafayette:Purdue University,2001.
[9]Heng Zhu,M.S. A hybrid approach to automatic feature recognition for multiple applications in concurrent engineering[D].American:The Ohio State University,2000.
[10]A.R. Grayer.The automatic production of machined components starting from a store d geometric description[J].Advances in computer-aided manufacturing,1977:137-151.
[11]L Kyprianou.Shape classification in Computer-Aided Design[D]. Cambridge:Cambridge university,1980.
[12]S.Joshi, T.C.Chang, Graph-based henristics for recognition of machined features from a 3D solid model[J], Computer-Aided Design,1998,20(2):58-66.
[13]高曙明.自动特征识别技术综述[J].计算机学报,1998,21(3)：281-288.
[14]陈永府,黄正东等.混合式特征识别技术[J].机械设计,2007,24(6)：42-44.
[15]吴江.基于特征识别技术的CAD/CAPP集成技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2005.
[16]张凤军,高曙明等.基于图的特征识别中体特征的生成方法[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(5)：427-430.
[17]Jiping Li,Lu Sun. Automatic small depression feature recognition from solid B-rep models for meshing[C]. Dalian:Dalian Polytechnic University,2011.
[18]Min Hou. CADCAM integration based on machining features for prismatic parts[D].American:the University of Kansas,2008.
[19]SHIQIAO LI,JAMI J,SHAH. Recognition of user-defined turning features for mill/turn parts[J]. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering,2007,9(7): 225-235.
[20]Hiroshi Sakurai. Volume decomposition and feature recognition:part 1: polyhedral objects[J].Computer-Aided Design,1995,27(11):833-843.
[21]赵鹏,盛步云,邓伟刚.工艺设计过程中的切削体分解组合策略[J].计算机集成制造系统,2010,16(09)：1793-1800.
[22]陈永府,王峰等CAPP发展趋势及面临的问题[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(5)：776-778,781.
[23]宋爱平,张军.面向CAD/CAPP集成的零件信息描述方法的研究[J].成组技术与生产现代化,2004,21(3)：48-51,59.
[24]梁颖.语义特征造型中特征识别技术的研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2010.
[25]孙宇.特征技术在CAPP中的应用研究[D].南京,南京理工大学,2003.
[26]汤岑书,褚学宁,孙习武,等.基于几何与公差信息的加工特征识别方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2010,16(2)：256-262.
[27]柯常忠,曾霞.实体造型特征识别技术的研究[J].装备制造技术,2007,(1)：1-3.
[28]降宇波,乔立红.零件三维特征信息模型研究与应用[J].数字技术与机械加工工艺装备,2008,(5)：24-28.
[29]张振明,许建新,等.现代CAPP技术与应用[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2003.
[30]鲁泳,李迎光.基于再扩展属性面边图的复杂结构件特征识别技术[J].机械设计与制造,2009,(5)：236-238.
[31]G Gao, J J Shah. Automatic recognition of interacting machining features based on minimal condition subgraph[J]. Computer-Aided Design,1998,30(9):727.
[32]王永,徐创文.基于属性邻接图的加工特征识别研究[J].计算机应用技术,2010,37(2)：49-52.
[33]戴百生.基于STEP的制造特征识别与三维重建技术研究[D].黑龙江：东北农业大学,2010.
[34]孙凤池,王龙山.机械加工工艺手册,第二卷加工技术卷[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[35]陈善国,李刚.基于STEP标准的CAD/CAPP特征信息模型研究[J].重庆工商大学学报(自然科学报),2003,20(1)：27-30.
[36](SolidWorks)公司著.SoldiWorks高级教程·二次开发与API[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[37]董小忠,赵鹏,熊雅清.工艺信息的识别及关联技术研究与实现[J].机械制造,2011,49(565)：62-65.
[38]Venkat Devarajan. Automatic identification of nested features in two-dimensional topology[D]. Arlington:The University of Texas,2003.
[39]付鹏,苑伟政.基于STEP的特征识别技术及其实现[J].中国机械工业,2010,21(11)：1334-1337.
[40]周炜.基于图的边界模型的加工特征识别技术[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2006.
[41]李梅竹,陈荣.基于痕迹对STEP文件进行特征识别的研究[J].陕西,陕西科学大学学报,2011,29(4)：57-62.
[2]赵汝嘉,孙波.计算机辅助工艺设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[3]程璞.UG环境下基于加工特征的三维CAPP系统开发[D].西安：西安工业大学,2009.
[4]吴浩.基于NX环境下3D-CAPP特征识别与提取[D].西安：西安工业大学,2011.
[5]秦宝荣.智能CAPP系统的关键技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2003.
[6]刘艳斌,赵海兵.基于3D-CAPP技术及其发展研究[J].机械制造,2006,44(505)：14-16.
[7]丘宏俊,俞文静.基于产品三维模型的工艺设计及可视化技术研究[J].中国制造业信息化,2009,38(11)：28-31.
[8]Mark Richard Henderson. Shape feature definition and recognition in Internet-based product design [D].West Lafayette:Purdue University,2001.
[9]Heng Zhu,M.S. A hybrid approach to automatic feature recognition for multiple applications in concurrent engineering[D].American:The Ohio State University,2000.
[10]A.R. Grayer.The automatic production of machined components starting from a store d geometric description[J].Advances in computer-aided manufacturing,1977:137-151.
[11]L Kyprianou.Shape classification in Computer-Aided Design[D]. Cambridge:Cambridge university,1980.
[12]S.Joshi, T.C.Chang, Graph-based henristics for recognition of machined features from a 3D solid model[J], Computer-Aided Design,1998,20(2):58-66.
[13]高曙明.自动特征识别技术综述[J].计算机学报,1998,21(3)：281-288.
[14]陈永府,黄正东等.混合式特征识别技术[J].机械设计,2007,24(6)：42-44.
[15]吴江.基于特征识别技术的CAD/CAPP集成技术研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2005.
[16]张凤军,高曙明等.基于图的特征识别中体特征的生成方法[J].中国机械工程,2002,13(5)：427-430.
[17]Jiping Li,Lu Sun. Automatic small depression feature recognition from solid B-rep models for meshing[C]. Dalian:Dalian Polytechnic University,2011.
[18]Min Hou. CADCAM integration based on machining features for prismatic parts[D].American:the University of Kansas,2008.
[19]SHIQIAO LI,JAMI J,SHAH. Recognition of user-defined turning features for mill/turn parts[J]. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering,2007,9(7): 225-235.
[20]Hiroshi Sakurai. Volume decomposition and feature recognition:part 1: polyhedral objects[J].Computer-Aided Design,1995,27(11):833-843.
[21]赵鹏,盛步云,邓伟刚.工艺设计过程中的切削体分解组合策略[J].计算机集成制造系统,2010,16(09)：1793-1800.
[22]陈永府,王峰等CAPP发展趋势及面临的问题[J].计算机工程与设计,2004,25(5)：776-778,781.
[23]宋爱平,张军.面向CAD/CAPP集成的零件信息描述方法的研究[J].成组技术与生产现代化,2004,21(3)：48-51,59.
[24]梁颖.语义特征造型中特征识别技术的研究[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2010.
[25]孙宇.特征技术在CAPP中的应用研究[D].南京,南京理工大学,2003.
[26]汤岑书,褚学宁,孙习武,等.基于几何与公差信息的加工特征识别方法[J].计算机集成制造系统,2010,16(2)：256-262.
[27]柯常忠,曾霞.实体造型特征识别技术的研究[J].装备制造技术,2007,(1)：1-3.
[28]降宇波,乔立红.零件三维特征信息模型研究与应用[J].数字技术与机械加工工艺装备,2008,(5)：24-28.
[29]张振明,许建新,等.现代CAPP技术与应用[M].西安：西北工业大学出版社,2003.
[30]鲁泳,李迎光.基于再扩展属性面边图的复杂结构件特征识别技术[J].机械设计与制造,2009,(5)：236-238.
[31]G Gao, J J Shah. Automatic recognition of interacting machining features based on minimal condition subgraph[J]. Computer-Aided Design,1998,30(9):727.
[32]王永,徐创文.基于属性邻接图的加工特征识别研究[J].计算机应用技术,2010,37(2)：49-52.
[33]戴百生.基于STEP的制造特征识别与三维重建技术研究[D].黑龙江：东北农业大学,2010.
[34]孙凤池,王龙山.机械加工工艺手册,第二卷加工技术卷[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[35]陈善国,李刚.基于STEP标准的CAD/CAPP特征信息模型研究[J].重庆工商大学学报(自然科学报),2003,20(1)：27-30.
[36](SolidWorks)公司著.SoldiWorks高级教程·二次开发与API[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[37]董小忠,赵鹏,熊雅清.工艺信息的识别及关联技术研究与实现[J].机械制造,2011,49(565)：62-65.
[38]Venkat Devarajan. Automatic identification of nested features in two-dimensional topology[D]. Arlington:The University of Texas,2003.
[39]付鹏,苑伟政.基于STEP的特征识别技术及其实现[J].中国机械工业,2010,21(11)：1334-1337.
[40]周炜.基于图的边界模型的加工特征识别技术[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2006.
[41]李梅竹,陈荣.基于痕迹对STEP文件进行特征识别的研究[J].陕西,陕西科学大学学报,2011,29(4)：57-62.