中深井PDC钻头研制与应用
摘要
本文的研究工作可分为PDC 钻头的设计理论研究和钻头制造设计两大部分。
在PDC 钻头的设计理论研究中,系统地研究了PDC 钻头冠部形状与地层的适应性、切削齿的破岩作用与布齿设计和、喷嘴水道及排屑槽。分析了抛物线形、鱼尾形、短抛物线形和平顶形冠部形状的PDC 钻头的特性;根据PDC 钻头的破岩原理和磨损机理,研究了切削齿的布置方式和布齿密度对钻头性能的影响;提出了喷嘴直径、喷嘴的形状及其布置方式和流道结构与排屑槽的设计方案。
在钻头制造设计中,首先利用胎体刀翼结构、刀翼加长及双排保径齿技术,设计了适用于大庆油田1200m 左右的软地层的三胎体刀翼PDC 钻头。在此基础上,利用近似对称式中长刀翼设计和钻头内外锥冠部及扇形排屑槽技术,设计出适用于大庆油田1500m～2200m 不同区块的软至中硬地层的四翼、五翼和六翼PDC 钻头。形成一套完整的PDC 钻头制造方案。
The research work of this thesis can be divided into two parts that one part is the designing theories research of the PDC drilling bit, and the other part is the manufacturing design of drilling bit.
In the design theories research of the PDC drilling bit, it systematically study the adaptability between the crest shape of bit and geologic strata, the breaking rock function, arranging design, bit nozzle runner, and junk slot of the cutting gear. And it analyzes the characteristic of the PDC drilling bit of the parabola form, the fish tail form, the short parabola form and flat head crest shape. According to the theories of breaking rock and wearing of the PDC drilling bit, it researches the arranging of cutting gear and arranging density which influence to the drilling bit property. It puts forward the nozzle diameter, the nozzle shape, the arranging of nozzle, the runner structure, and the designing plan of the junk slot.
In the making drilling bit design, at first make use of the embryo body blade structure, the blade to lengthen and a double row protects radial tooth technique, having designed to be applicable to the Daqing oil-field 1200m or so soft geologic stratum of three embryo body blade PDC drilling bit. On this base, making use of looking like the symmetry type in the long blade design and the in-outside conical hat department and the fan-shaped junk slot techniques, design to be applicable to the Daqing oil-field 1500m ～2200m of different block of soft and middle-hard geologic stratum go to in four-blade of the, five-blade and six-blade PDC drilling bit. A set of PDC of integrity drilling bit manufacturing project have be formed.
在PDC 钻头的设计理论研究中,系统地研究了PDC 钻头冠部形状与地层的适应性、切削齿的破岩作用与布齿设计和、喷嘴水道及排屑槽。分析了抛物线形、鱼尾形、短抛物线形和平顶形冠部形状的PDC 钻头的特性;根据PDC 钻头的破岩原理和磨损机理,研究了切削齿的布置方式和布齿密度对钻头性能的影响;提出了喷嘴直径、喷嘴的形状及其布置方式和流道结构与排屑槽的设计方案。
在钻头制造设计中,首先利用胎体刀翼结构、刀翼加长及双排保径齿技术,设计了适用于大庆油田1200m 左右的软地层的三胎体刀翼PDC 钻头。在此基础上,利用近似对称式中长刀翼设计和钻头内外锥冠部及扇形排屑槽技术,设计出适用于大庆油田1500m～2200m 不同区块的软至中硬地层的四翼、五翼和六翼PDC 钻头。形成一套完整的PDC 钻头制造方案。
The research work of this thesis can be divided into two parts that one part is the designing theories research of the PDC drilling bit, and the other part is the manufacturing design of drilling bit.
In the design theories research of the PDC drilling bit, it systematically study the adaptability between the crest shape of bit and geologic strata, the breaking rock function, arranging design, bit nozzle runner, and junk slot of the cutting gear. And it analyzes the characteristic of the PDC drilling bit of the parabola form, the fish tail form, the short parabola form and flat head crest shape. According to the theories of breaking rock and wearing of the PDC drilling bit, it researches the arranging of cutting gear and arranging density which influence to the drilling bit property. It puts forward the nozzle diameter, the nozzle shape, the arranging of nozzle, the runner structure, and the designing plan of the junk slot.
In the making drilling bit design, at first make use of the embryo body blade structure, the blade to lengthen and a double row protects radial tooth technique, having designed to be applicable to the Daqing oil-field 1200m or so soft geologic stratum of three embryo body blade PDC drilling bit. On this base, making use of looking like the symmetry type in the long blade design and the in-outside conical hat department and the fan-shaped junk slot techniques, design to be applicable to the Daqing oil-field 1500m ～2200m of different block of soft and middle-hard geologic stratum go to in four-blade of the, five-blade and six-blade PDC drilling bit. A set of PDC of integrity drilling bit manufacturing project have be formed.
引文
[1]王平.影响PDC 钻头钻进因素分析[J]. 石油钻采工艺,1998,20(4):46-50
[2]阎铁,李士斌.深部井眼岩石力学理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[3]周龙昌.钢体PDC 钻头新型制造工艺研究[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(5):105-107.
[4]王福修,田京燕.PDC 钻头稳定性技术研究[J]. 石油矿场机械, 2002,31(2):7-10.
[5]刘洪生,白伟,李邦达.初探PDC 钻头水力参数选择[J].石油钻采工艺,1989,11(1):11-13
[6]郑胜,杨爱玲,陈康民.关于PDC 钻头形态设计的探讨[J]. 石油机械,2003,31(1):21-23.
[18]张厚美,张良万.钻头选型方法研究[J].天然气工业,1994,14(5):38-40.
[8]J.R.Spea.Formation Compressive Strength for Predicting for Predicting Drillability and PDC Selection.SPE 29397
[9]E.M.Zeynaly-Andabily,S.Srahman.Measurement of Tight Rocks.Measurement Science and Technology.1995:1519-1527
[10]M.E.Chencvert,S.O.Osinanya.Shale Swelling at Elevated Temperature and Pressure.Proc.33rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium. SantaFe. USA. 1992: 869-878
[11]张辉,高德利等.PDC 钻头钻井时地层的随钻评估方法[J].钻采工艺.1999,22(1):14-18
[12]邹德永,尹宏锦.PDC 钻头钻进的岩石可钻性研究[J].石油大学学报.1992,17(1):31-35
[13]高德利,张辉等.PDC 钻头钻井时的地层分层方法[J].石油大学学报.1998,22(1):25-26,36
[14]于润桥,刘春缘等.PDC 钻头钻进影响因素分析[J.石油钻采工艺].2002,24(2):31-33
[15]W. J. Winter, H. H. Doiron. The 1978 IADC Fixed Cutter Bit Classification System. SPE/IADC 16142
[16] 李树盛,蔡镜伦等.PDC 钻头冠部设计的原理与方法[J].石油机械.1998,26(3):1-3
[17]Kerr C.J. PDC Drilling Bit Design and Field Application Evolution. JPT, August 1988:327-332
[18]Glowka D A. Use of Single-Cutter Data in Analysis of PDC Bit Designs: Part 1-Development of a PDC Cutting Force Model. JPT, August 1989:797-799, 844-849
[19] B.D. Brandon, Jerry Cerkvink. Development of a New IADC Fixed Cutter Drill Bit Classification System. IADC/SPE 23940
[20]李树盛,王镇泉等.PDC 钻头切削齿的运动分析和破损机理[J]. 石油机械.1997,25(2):17-19
[21]韩来聚,陈庭根等.全尺寸PDC 钻头切削齿载荷分布规律的实验研究[J].石油大学学报.1992,16(6):24-28
[22]张厚美.PDC 钻头切削齿工作参数的计算原理及程序[J].石油机械.1993,21(11):1-7
[23] Watson G R. Using New Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques to Improve PDC Bit Performance. SPE/IADC 37580
[24] Crouse R. Optimization of PDC Bit Hydraulics by Fluid Simulation. SPE 14221
[25]王福修.PDC 钻头的布齿方式初探[J].石油钻采工艺.1993,15(3):29-33
[26]刘杰,樊冀安.PDC 钻头复合片磨损规律研究[J].石油钻探技术.1999,27(1):37-39
[27]高振国,董杰.PDC 钻头井底水力问题的计算机模拟[J].石油钻采工艺.1995,17(6):19-24
[28]谢翠丽,杨爱铃等.PDC 钻头水力学研究初探[J].石油机械.2002,30(11):1-3
[29]张厚美.PDC 钻头的布齿及性能预测[J].石油机械.1993,21(12):5-10
[30]张厚美.PDC 钻头性能的二维模拟[J].石油机械.1997,25(1):1-4
[31]王瑞和.PDC 钻头冲蚀机理分析与研究[J].石油钻采工艺.1992,14(3):30-34
[32]李世忠.有关金刚石钻进原理的研究[J]. 探矿工程,2000,5: 7-10.
[33]周龙昌.PDC 复合层厚度对金刚石钻头性能影响的现场试验分析[J].探矿工程,2004,12:48-52.
[34]杨进,高德利.一种钻头选型新方法研究[J].石油钻采工艺,1998,20(5):38-40.
[35]陈国庆.PDC 钻头的发展趋势[J].石油机械,2003,31(增刊):103-106.
[36]黄桢.PDC 钻头的使用技术[J].钻采工艺,1994,17(4):92-94.
[37]马保松.PDC 钻头的新发展及应用[J].世界地质,1996,15(4):94-98.
[38]邹德永,尹宏锦.PDC 钻头钻进岩石的可钻性研究[J].石油大学学报,1993,17(1):31-35.
[39]李士斌,艾池,宁海川等.PDC 钻头的优选方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(3): 86-88.
[40] Glowka D A. The use of single cuttur data in the analysis of PDC bit design[J]. SPE, 15619, 1986,(9).
[2]阎铁,李士斌.深部井眼岩石力学理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002
[3]周龙昌.钢体PDC 钻头新型制造工艺研究[J].石油矿场机械,2004,33(5):105-107.
[4]王福修,田京燕.PDC 钻头稳定性技术研究[J]. 石油矿场机械, 2002,31(2):7-10.
[5]刘洪生,白伟,李邦达.初探PDC 钻头水力参数选择[J].石油钻采工艺,1989,11(1):11-13
[6]郑胜,杨爱玲,陈康民.关于PDC 钻头形态设计的探讨[J]. 石油机械,2003,31(1):21-23.
[18]张厚美,张良万.钻头选型方法研究[J].天然气工业,1994,14(5):38-40.
[8]J.R.Spea.Formation Compressive Strength for Predicting for Predicting Drillability and PDC Selection.SPE 29397
[9]E.M.Zeynaly-Andabily,S.Srahman.Measurement of Tight Rocks.Measurement Science and Technology.1995:1519-1527
[10]M.E.Chencvert,S.O.Osinanya.Shale Swelling at Elevated Temperature and Pressure.Proc.33rd U.S. Rock Mechanics Symposium. SantaFe. USA. 1992: 869-878
[11]张辉,高德利等.PDC 钻头钻井时地层的随钻评估方法[J].钻采工艺.1999,22(1):14-18
[12]邹德永,尹宏锦.PDC 钻头钻进的岩石可钻性研究[J].石油大学学报.1992,17(1):31-35
[13]高德利,张辉等.PDC 钻头钻井时的地层分层方法[J].石油大学学报.1998,22(1):25-26,36
[14]于润桥,刘春缘等.PDC 钻头钻进影响因素分析[J.石油钻采工艺].2002,24(2):31-33
[15]W. J. Winter, H. H. Doiron. The 1978 IADC Fixed Cutter Bit Classification System. SPE/IADC 16142
[16] 李树盛,蔡镜伦等.PDC 钻头冠部设计的原理与方法[J].石油机械.1998,26(3):1-3
[17]Kerr C.J. PDC Drilling Bit Design and Field Application Evolution. JPT, August 1988:327-332
[18]Glowka D A. Use of Single-Cutter Data in Analysis of PDC Bit Designs: Part 1-Development of a PDC Cutting Force Model. JPT, August 1989:797-799, 844-849
[19] B.D. Brandon, Jerry Cerkvink. Development of a New IADC Fixed Cutter Drill Bit Classification System. IADC/SPE 23940
[20]李树盛,王镇泉等.PDC 钻头切削齿的运动分析和破损机理[J]. 石油机械.1997,25(2):17-19
[21]韩来聚,陈庭根等.全尺寸PDC 钻头切削齿载荷分布规律的实验研究[J].石油大学学报.1992,16(6):24-28
[22]张厚美.PDC 钻头切削齿工作参数的计算原理及程序[J].石油机械.1993,21(11):1-7
[23] Watson G R. Using New Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques to Improve PDC Bit Performance. SPE/IADC 37580
[24] Crouse R. Optimization of PDC Bit Hydraulics by Fluid Simulation. SPE 14221
[25]王福修.PDC 钻头的布齿方式初探[J].石油钻采工艺.1993,15(3):29-33
[26]刘杰,樊冀安.PDC 钻头复合片磨损规律研究[J].石油钻探技术.1999,27(1):37-39
[27]高振国,董杰.PDC 钻头井底水力问题的计算机模拟[J].石油钻采工艺.1995,17(6):19-24
[28]谢翠丽,杨爱铃等.PDC 钻头水力学研究初探[J].石油机械.2002,30(11):1-3
[29]张厚美.PDC 钻头的布齿及性能预测[J].石油机械.1993,21(12):5-10
[30]张厚美.PDC 钻头性能的二维模拟[J].石油机械.1997,25(1):1-4
[31]王瑞和.PDC 钻头冲蚀机理分析与研究[J].石油钻采工艺.1992,14(3):30-34
[32]李世忠.有关金刚石钻进原理的研究[J]. 探矿工程,2000,5: 7-10.
[33]周龙昌.PDC 复合层厚度对金刚石钻头性能影响的现场试验分析[J].探矿工程,2004,12:48-52.
[34]杨进,高德利.一种钻头选型新方法研究[J].石油钻采工艺,1998,20(5):38-40.
[35]陈国庆.PDC 钻头的发展趋势[J].石油机械,2003,31(增刊):103-106.
[36]黄桢.PDC 钻头的使用技术[J].钻采工艺,1994,17(4):92-94.
[37]马保松.PDC 钻头的新发展及应用[J].世界地质,1996,15(4):94-98.
[38]邹德永,尹宏锦.PDC 钻头钻进岩石的可钻性研究[J].石油大学学报,1993,17(1):31-35.
[39]李士斌,艾池,宁海川等.PDC 钻头的优选方法[J].大庆石油学院学报,1999,23(3): 86-88.
[40] Glowka D A. The use of single cuttur data in the analysis of PDC bit design[J]. SPE, 15619, 1986,(9).