机械结合面参数识别及其装配性能预测
|
摘要
高档数控机床与基础制造装备是衡量一个国家制造业现代化水平的重要标志。我国现阶段的机床设计水平较之国外先进国家仍有很大差距。为获得满意的定型产品,往往要反复经过“设计-试制-试验-修改”的过程。将结合面动静态参数引入系统整机建模过程可以有效提高在零物理样机情况下对机床动态特性的预测能力。本文以分形理论和结合面微观运动机理为核心,采用理论推导结合案例分析的方法,研究结合面参数的建模问题,并对其在装配模型动态分析中的影响进行讨论。
本文从建立结合面接触刚度模型和结合面接触阻尼模型两个方面入手,以数控机床工作台装配模型为工程对象,具体完成了以下工作:首先,针对传统接触理论模型所描述粗糙表面间接触性质不具有客观唯一性和确定性的缺陷,研究基于分形理论的粗糙表面特征模型及其数学表征WM函数,分析总结了MB接触分形模型参数对结合面法向刚度和切向刚度的影响规律;其次,根据国内外学者在结合面接触阻尼参数识别方面主要存在依赖于结构质量矩阵和传递函数矩阵的问题,提出了从结合面接触时微凸体变形耗能这个角度对结合面接触阻尼进行研究。以各类机械中最为常见的螺栓连接为例,修正了能量损失与载荷幅值之间的数学关系,并应用于伊万模型阻尼参数的识别;最后,基于模态参数识别理论及有限元分析方法,选用ABAQUS作为分析工具,在三种不同的结合面参数设置情况下对数控机床工作台模型情况进行有限元分析,分析了结合面参数对机床装配性能的影响。
本文通过对结合面微观形貌特征和运动机理的研究,丰富了分形理论和微凸体变形能耗理论的应用,建立了基于分形理论的结合面接触刚度模型和基于能量观点的结合面接触阻尼模型,为机械系统仿真分析中结合面参数的确定提供了理论支持,提高了产品设计开发的效率。
Advanced Numerical Control Machine and Fundamental Manufacturing Equipments is the important mark that judging the manufacturing modernization level of a country. Our country’s present level of machine design has a big gap with advanced countries. In order to obtain the satisfactory final product, which must through an iterative progress of“Design-Experiment Product-Improved-Design”. Bringing the static and dynamic parameters of interfaces into machine’s computer model is an effective method that could improve the prediction of machine tool’s dynamic characteristics without a physics model. The thesis, taking fractal theory and micro motion mechanics of interfaces as the core, researched the theory model building of interfaces based on theoretical derivation and analysis of concret example. Meanwhile, discuss its affection on the dynamic analysis of assemble model.
The following work was completed based on building the stiffness and damp parameter model of interfaces, taking workbench of Numerical Control Machine as object of study. Firstly, aim at the flaw that the traditional contact theory model describes the contact property of rough surface is not objective uniqueness and certainty, research the rough surface character model based on Fractal Theory and its mathematics expression WM function, concluded the influencing regularities of MB contact fractal model affects on tangential stiffness and normal stiffness of interfaces. Secondly, point at the problem that other researcher’s work mainly depend on mass matrix of mechanical structure and the transfer function of correlation parts, proposed the idea that research interface damp through energy dissipation of micro convex body’s deformation when contact occurred. Take the bolt joint which is common in many types of mechanical equipments as an example, amending the relation between energy dissipation and magnitude of load. Then apply it on the identification of Iwan Model’s parameters. At last, according to model parameters identification theory and finite element analysis methods, choose the ABAQUS as analysis software to analyze Numerical Control Machine’s workbench under three different parameters configuration situation, discuss the affects which interfaces parameters act on the performance of assembled machine.
The research on micro feature and micro motion mechanics of interfaces enriched the content and engineering applications of fractal theory and energy dissipation of micro convex body’s deformation theory. Building the stiffness model of interfaces based on fractal theory and damp parameter model of interfaces based on energy dissipation, support the determining of interfaces parameter in mechanical system simulation analysis theortically, which make the design and development of product more effective.
本文从建立结合面接触刚度模型和结合面接触阻尼模型两个方面入手,以数控机床工作台装配模型为工程对象,具体完成了以下工作:首先,针对传统接触理论模型所描述粗糙表面间接触性质不具有客观唯一性和确定性的缺陷,研究基于分形理论的粗糙表面特征模型及其数学表征WM函数,分析总结了MB接触分形模型参数对结合面法向刚度和切向刚度的影响规律;其次,根据国内外学者在结合面接触阻尼参数识别方面主要存在依赖于结构质量矩阵和传递函数矩阵的问题,提出了从结合面接触时微凸体变形耗能这个角度对结合面接触阻尼进行研究。以各类机械中最为常见的螺栓连接为例,修正了能量损失与载荷幅值之间的数学关系,并应用于伊万模型阻尼参数的识别;最后,基于模态参数识别理论及有限元分析方法,选用ABAQUS作为分析工具,在三种不同的结合面参数设置情况下对数控机床工作台模型情况进行有限元分析,分析了结合面参数对机床装配性能的影响。
本文通过对结合面微观形貌特征和运动机理的研究,丰富了分形理论和微凸体变形能耗理论的应用,建立了基于分形理论的结合面接触刚度模型和基于能量观点的结合面接触阻尼模型,为机械系统仿真分析中结合面参数的确定提供了理论支持,提高了产品设计开发的效率。
Advanced Numerical Control Machine and Fundamental Manufacturing Equipments is the important mark that judging the manufacturing modernization level of a country. Our country’s present level of machine design has a big gap with advanced countries. In order to obtain the satisfactory final product, which must through an iterative progress of“Design-Experiment Product-Improved-Design”. Bringing the static and dynamic parameters of interfaces into machine’s computer model is an effective method that could improve the prediction of machine tool’s dynamic characteristics without a physics model. The thesis, taking fractal theory and micro motion mechanics of interfaces as the core, researched the theory model building of interfaces based on theoretical derivation and analysis of concret example. Meanwhile, discuss its affection on the dynamic analysis of assemble model.
The following work was completed based on building the stiffness and damp parameter model of interfaces, taking workbench of Numerical Control Machine as object of study. Firstly, aim at the flaw that the traditional contact theory model describes the contact property of rough surface is not objective uniqueness and certainty, research the rough surface character model based on Fractal Theory and its mathematics expression WM function, concluded the influencing regularities of MB contact fractal model affects on tangential stiffness and normal stiffness of interfaces. Secondly, point at the problem that other researcher’s work mainly depend on mass matrix of mechanical structure and the transfer function of correlation parts, proposed the idea that research interface damp through energy dissipation of micro convex body’s deformation when contact occurred. Take the bolt joint which is common in many types of mechanical equipments as an example, amending the relation between energy dissipation and magnitude of load. Then apply it on the identification of Iwan Model’s parameters. At last, according to model parameters identification theory and finite element analysis methods, choose the ABAQUS as analysis software to analyze Numerical Control Machine’s workbench under three different parameters configuration situation, discuss the affects which interfaces parameters act on the performance of assembled machine.
The research on micro feature and micro motion mechanics of interfaces enriched the content and engineering applications of fractal theory and energy dissipation of micro convex body’s deformation theory. Building the stiffness model of interfaces based on fractal theory and damp parameter model of interfaces based on energy dissipation, support the determining of interfaces parameter in mechanical system simulation analysis theortically, which make the design and development of product more effective.
引文
[1]王润孝,陈冰,孙树栋,等.机械制造业的发展趋势及对策.机械制造,1998,(8):11-15
[2] S. Talyor. Computer Study of Milling Machine.M.T.D.R,1974,(15):113-121
[3] S.A. Tobias. Machine Tool Vibration. London: Blackie and Sons Ltd, 1965, 312-341
[4] Z.M. Levina. Research on the Static Stiffness of Joints in Machine Tools.In:Proc. 8th Confer. M.T.D.R., 1967, 1120-1124
[5] J. Hjink. Analysis of A milling machine: Computed results Versus Experiment Date. M.T.D.R, 1973, (14): 58-61
[6] Jaspreet Singh Dhupia, Bartosz Powalka, Ulsoy.A GALIP, Reuven Katz. Effect of joint nonlinearities on the dynamic performance of a machine tool. Journal of Manufacturing Science And Engineering, 2007, 129(5): 943-950
[7]伍良生,顾仲权.阻尼动力吸振器减振问题的进一步研究.振动与冲击,1994,13(1):19-23
[8] Greenwood J.A. and Williamson J.B.P. Contact of Nominally Flat Surface, Proc.Roy.Soc, London, 1966, A295:300-319
[9] Whitehouse D.J. and Archard J.F. The Properties of Random Surface of Significance in Their Contact.In:Proc.Roy.Soc., London,1970,16:97-121
[10]沈萌红,全永昕.各向异性粗糙表面的接触性能研究.浙江大学学报,1990,(5):647-654
[11]张波,马骥.塑性接触对表面形貌的影响.浙江大学学报,1992,(2):218-223
[12]饶石柱.粗糙平面接触刚度研究.机械强度,1994,(2):71-75
[13]张学良,黄玉美.粗糙表面法向接触刚度的分形模型.应用力学学报,2000,17(2):31-35
[14] Kirsanova. The shear compliance of flat joints. Machines and Tooling, 1967, (7):23-27
[15] P. F. Rogers, G. Boothroyd. Damping at Metallic Interfaces Subjected to Oscillating Tangential Loads. Eng. of Industry, Trans. ASME, 1975, 32:1087-1093
[16]堤正臣.机床螺栓结合面得阻尼机理[J].机床译丛,1980:26-29
[17] C. Dekoninck. Deformation Properties of Metallic Contact Surface of Joints under the Influence of Dynamic Tangential Loads.Mach.Des.Res,1972:193-199
[18] M.Yoshimura. Computer aided design improvement of machine tool structure incorporating joint dynamic date. Annals of CIRP, 1979, 18(1): 241-246
[19] Padmanbhan K K. Prediction of damping in machine joints. International Journal Machine Tools Manufacture, 1992, (3): 305-314
[20]卢秉恒,顾崇衔.粘弹性约束阻尼夹层结构的模态综合法.西安交通大学学报, 1986, 20(5):23-32
[21]张学良,温淑华.机械结合面阻尼参数识别的一种方法.西安理工大学学报,1999,(15),98-100
[22]王世军,黄玉美,赵金娟.机床导轨结合部的有限元模型.中国机械工程,2004,15(18):1634-1636
[23] YaXin Song.Modeling, identification and simulation of dynamics of structures with jointsand interfaces.Urbana: Univ. of Illinois, 2004
[24]张广鹏,黄玉美.机床导轨结合部的动态特性解析方法及其应用.机械工程学报,2002,59(10):32-35
[25]于介德.复杂机械结构结合面动力学参数识别.机械强度,1988,(1):108-112
[26]张杰,童忠钫.机床固定结合面动力学建模问题.振动与冲击,1994,(3): 16-22
[27]黄玉美,傅卫平.结合面法向动态特性参数研究.机械工程学报,1993,(3): 74-78
[28]张学良,黄玉美,温淑华.结合面接触刚度研究.农业机械学报,2000,31(4): 89-91.
[29]廖伯瑜,周新民,尹志宏.现代机械动力学及其工程应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,232-278
[30]张济中.分形.北京:清华大学出版社,1995,1-18.
[31] Majumdar A., Bhushan B. Role of Fractal Geometry in Roughness Characterization and Contact Mechanism of Surfaces. J.Tribol(ASME), 1990, (112): 205-216
[32]郑云建.结合面接触热阻和法向接触刚度的分形模型:[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京,2008,27-38
[33] Mandelbort B.B. Stochastic Models for the Earth’s Relief, the Shape and the Fractal Dimension of the Coastlines and Number-area rule for Island.In:Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, USA, 1975, 3825-3828
[34]郑林庆.摩擦学原理.北京:高等教育出版社,1994,219-230
[35]张学良.机械结合面动态特性及应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002,20-41
[36]张学良.机械结合面动态基础特性理论、实验与建模研究:[西安理工大学博士学位论文].西安,1998,70-89
[37]张学良,温淑华.基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型.农业机械学报,2003,33(3):91-93
[38]王松涛.典型机械结合面动态特性及其应用研究:[昆明理工大学硕士学位论文].昆明,2008,45-59
[39] C.J.Hartwigsen, Y.Song, D.M.Mcfarland. Experimental study of non-linear effects in a typical shear lap joint configuration. Sound and Vibration, 2004, 277:327-251
[40]师汉民.机械振动系统.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004,27-35
[41] D.O. Smallwood, D.L. Gregory, R.G. Coleman.Damping investigations of a simplified frictional shear joint.In:Proceedings of 71st Shock and Vibration Symposium, 2000, 356-359
[42] D.W. Lobitz, D.L. Gregory, D.O. Smallwood.Comparison of finite element predictions to measurements from the Sandia microslip experiment . In: Proceedings of International Modal Analysis Conference, Orlando, FL, 2001, 589-594
[43]刘慧颖. MATLAB R2006a基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007,220-238
[44] Iwan, W. D.A Distributed-element Model for Hysteresis and Its Steady-state Dynamic Response.ASME J. Appl. Mech, 33: 893–900
[45]杨景义.实验模态分析.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1990,76-85
[46]张思.振动测试与分析技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1992,105-113
[47]杨家华.结构动态分析原理与实验.北京:北京工业大学出版社,2000,10-25
[48]祝效国.接触刚度,接触阻尼的研究及组合结构的动态特性分析:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨,1987,33-40
[49]王海滨.机床结合面实验设计及有限元建模的研究:[北京工业大学硕士学位论文].北京,2003,75-78
[50]陈新.组合结构有限元模型的分布实验校正.实验力学,1994,(2):157-163
[51]陈新.组合结构结合部动态特性参数的实验识别方法.实验力学,1993,(4):369-374
[52]黄玉美.机械平面结合部静态特性的研究及其在机床CAD中的应用.工程力学,1995,(3):66-71
[53]赵经文,王宏任.结构有限元分析.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998,34-45
[54]王世军,张广鹏,黄玉美.机床导轨结合部动态特性的有限元分析方法.制造技术与机床,2004,(5):50-52
[55] Yoshimura M.Measurement of Dynamic Rigidity and Damping Property for Simplified Joint Models and Simulation Computer . Annals of the CIRP,1997,25:193-198
[56]沈晓庆.数控机床直线滚动导轨动态特性研究:[浙江工业大学硕士学位论文].杭州,2009,55-72
[57]刘展. ABAQUS 6.6基础教程与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008,279-301
[58]曹金凤,石亦平.ABAQUS有限元分析常见问题解答.北京:机械工业出版社,2009,218-232
[2] S. Talyor. Computer Study of Milling Machine.M.T.D.R,1974,(15):113-121
[3] S.A. Tobias. Machine Tool Vibration. London: Blackie and Sons Ltd, 1965, 312-341
[4] Z.M. Levina. Research on the Static Stiffness of Joints in Machine Tools.In:Proc. 8th Confer. M.T.D.R., 1967, 1120-1124
[5] J. Hjink. Analysis of A milling machine: Computed results Versus Experiment Date. M.T.D.R, 1973, (14): 58-61
[6] Jaspreet Singh Dhupia, Bartosz Powalka, Ulsoy.A GALIP, Reuven Katz. Effect of joint nonlinearities on the dynamic performance of a machine tool. Journal of Manufacturing Science And Engineering, 2007, 129(5): 943-950
[7]伍良生,顾仲权.阻尼动力吸振器减振问题的进一步研究.振动与冲击,1994,13(1):19-23
[8] Greenwood J.A. and Williamson J.B.P. Contact of Nominally Flat Surface, Proc.Roy.Soc, London, 1966, A295:300-319
[9] Whitehouse D.J. and Archard J.F. The Properties of Random Surface of Significance in Their Contact.In:Proc.Roy.Soc., London,1970,16:97-121
[10]沈萌红,全永昕.各向异性粗糙表面的接触性能研究.浙江大学学报,1990,(5):647-654
[11]张波,马骥.塑性接触对表面形貌的影响.浙江大学学报,1992,(2):218-223
[12]饶石柱.粗糙平面接触刚度研究.机械强度,1994,(2):71-75
[13]张学良,黄玉美.粗糙表面法向接触刚度的分形模型.应用力学学报,2000,17(2):31-35
[14] Kirsanova. The shear compliance of flat joints. Machines and Tooling, 1967, (7):23-27
[15] P. F. Rogers, G. Boothroyd. Damping at Metallic Interfaces Subjected to Oscillating Tangential Loads. Eng. of Industry, Trans. ASME, 1975, 32:1087-1093
[16]堤正臣.机床螺栓结合面得阻尼机理[J].机床译丛,1980:26-29
[17] C. Dekoninck. Deformation Properties of Metallic Contact Surface of Joints under the Influence of Dynamic Tangential Loads.Mach.Des.Res,1972:193-199
[18] M.Yoshimura. Computer aided design improvement of machine tool structure incorporating joint dynamic date. Annals of CIRP, 1979, 18(1): 241-246
[19] Padmanbhan K K. Prediction of damping in machine joints. International Journal Machine Tools Manufacture, 1992, (3): 305-314
[20]卢秉恒,顾崇衔.粘弹性约束阻尼夹层结构的模态综合法.西安交通大学学报, 1986, 20(5):23-32
[21]张学良,温淑华.机械结合面阻尼参数识别的一种方法.西安理工大学学报,1999,(15),98-100
[22]王世军,黄玉美,赵金娟.机床导轨结合部的有限元模型.中国机械工程,2004,15(18):1634-1636
[23] YaXin Song.Modeling, identification and simulation of dynamics of structures with jointsand interfaces.Urbana: Univ. of Illinois, 2004
[24]张广鹏,黄玉美.机床导轨结合部的动态特性解析方法及其应用.机械工程学报,2002,59(10):32-35
[25]于介德.复杂机械结构结合面动力学参数识别.机械强度,1988,(1):108-112
[26]张杰,童忠钫.机床固定结合面动力学建模问题.振动与冲击,1994,(3): 16-22
[27]黄玉美,傅卫平.结合面法向动态特性参数研究.机械工程学报,1993,(3): 74-78
[28]张学良,黄玉美,温淑华.结合面接触刚度研究.农业机械学报,2000,31(4): 89-91.
[29]廖伯瑜,周新民,尹志宏.现代机械动力学及其工程应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,232-278
[30]张济中.分形.北京:清华大学出版社,1995,1-18.
[31] Majumdar A., Bhushan B. Role of Fractal Geometry in Roughness Characterization and Contact Mechanism of Surfaces. J.Tribol(ASME), 1990, (112): 205-216
[32]郑云建.结合面接触热阻和法向接触刚度的分形模型:[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京,2008,27-38
[33] Mandelbort B.B. Stochastic Models for the Earth’s Relief, the Shape and the Fractal Dimension of the Coastlines and Number-area rule for Island.In:Proceeding of the National Academy of Science, USA, 1975, 3825-3828
[34]郑林庆.摩擦学原理.北京:高等教育出版社,1994,219-230
[35]张学良.机械结合面动态特性及应用.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2002,20-41
[36]张学良.机械结合面动态基础特性理论、实验与建模研究:[西安理工大学博士学位论文].西安,1998,70-89
[37]张学良,温淑华.基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型.农业机械学报,2003,33(3):91-93
[38]王松涛.典型机械结合面动态特性及其应用研究:[昆明理工大学硕士学位论文].昆明,2008,45-59
[39] C.J.Hartwigsen, Y.Song, D.M.Mcfarland. Experimental study of non-linear effects in a typical shear lap joint configuration. Sound and Vibration, 2004, 277:327-251
[40]师汉民.机械振动系统.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2004,27-35
[41] D.O. Smallwood, D.L. Gregory, R.G. Coleman.Damping investigations of a simplified frictional shear joint.In:Proceedings of 71st Shock and Vibration Symposium, 2000, 356-359
[42] D.W. Lobitz, D.L. Gregory, D.O. Smallwood.Comparison of finite element predictions to measurements from the Sandia microslip experiment . In: Proceedings of International Modal Analysis Conference, Orlando, FL, 2001, 589-594
[43]刘慧颖. MATLAB R2006a基础教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2007,220-238
[44] Iwan, W. D.A Distributed-element Model for Hysteresis and Its Steady-state Dynamic Response.ASME J. Appl. Mech, 33: 893–900
[45]杨景义.实验模态分析.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1990,76-85
[46]张思.振动测试与分析技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1992,105-113
[47]杨家华.结构动态分析原理与实验.北京:北京工业大学出版社,2000,10-25
[48]祝效国.接触刚度,接触阻尼的研究及组合结构的动态特性分析:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨,1987,33-40
[49]王海滨.机床结合面实验设计及有限元建模的研究:[北京工业大学硕士学位论文].北京,2003,75-78
[50]陈新.组合结构有限元模型的分布实验校正.实验力学,1994,(2):157-163
[51]陈新.组合结构结合部动态特性参数的实验识别方法.实验力学,1993,(4):369-374
[52]黄玉美.机械平面结合部静态特性的研究及其在机床CAD中的应用.工程力学,1995,(3):66-71
[53]赵经文,王宏任.结构有限元分析.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998,34-45
[54]王世军,张广鹏,黄玉美.机床导轨结合部动态特性的有限元分析方法.制造技术与机床,2004,(5):50-52
[55] Yoshimura M.Measurement of Dynamic Rigidity and Damping Property for Simplified Joint Models and Simulation Computer . Annals of the CIRP,1997,25:193-198
[56]沈晓庆.数控机床直线滚动导轨动态特性研究:[浙江工业大学硕士学位论文].杭州,2009,55-72
[57]刘展. ABAQUS 6.6基础教程与实例详解.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008,279-301
[58]曹金凤,石亦平.ABAQUS有限元分析常见问题解答.北京:机械工业出版社,2009,218-232