固定结合面特性分析及其对转台动态特性影响的实验研究
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摘要
固定结合面作为机械系统中一种固有的结构形式,由于它在外加载荷的作用下表现出既有弹性又有阻尼的复杂动力学特性,对机械系统整体的动态性能产生显著的影响。随着工业化水平的不断提高,各行业对机械设备动态特性的要求越来越严格,所以对固定结合面的特性进行相关分析并研究其对机械系统动态特性的影响具有十分重要的意义。
本文首先对机械固定结合面之间的相互作用做了相关阐述,从理论方面对影响固定结合面特性的因素进行了分析,利用模态试验与有限元分析相结合的方法对螺栓连接面的接触刚度和接触阻尼进行了识别,并通过改变结合面的正压力、接触面积以及结合面材料试验对比分析了各因素对结合面参数的影响规律。
在确定结合面单位面积参数的基础上,本文利用吉村允孝法对转台几个主要结合面的接触刚度和阻尼进行了估算。利用法向和切向弹簧阻尼单元对转台几个主要固定结合面进行了等效处理,利用SolidWorks与Ansys对转台进行了动态特性的有限元仿真计算,获得了考虑结合面影响情况下转台的各阶固有频率和振型,并与固结结合面所得的固有频率进行了对比分析,评估了结合面对转台动态特性的影响程度。
本文最后利用动态信号分析仪(Agilent 35670A)对转台的俯仰轴系和转台的整体分别进行了模态试验,获得了相应的频率响应特性曲线,对考虑结合面影响情况下有限元分析结果进行了验证,并与有限元模态仿真分析的结果进行了对比分析,这对提高机械结构动态特性仿真分析的精度具有参考意义。
Mechanieal joints are natural strueture of all Mechanieal System. When be loaded with force, it be have complex dynamical charaeteristic with damping and elasticity and affect so much dynamical charaeteristic of Meehanieal System. With the level of industrialization increasing, the dynamics of machinery and equipment was required to be more stringent. Therefore, the fixed combination of surface characteristics and to study its correlation dynamics of mechanical systems is of great significance.
In this paper, the interaction of the interface was described from the microscopic view. the factors affecting the contact surfaces’parameters were analyzed, The method of modal testing combining with the finite element analysis was used to idenfified the parameters of the contact surface. And by changing positive pressure, contact area and contact surface materials, the variation of parameters was studied by the experiment. In determining the parameters of joint surface on the basis of unit area, the method of Yoshimura was used to estimate the parameters of the mechanieal joints. In the premise that all parts of the turntable were simplified, the main fixed contact were equivalent to normal and tangential spring damper elements, the finite element simulation of dynamic characteristics for the turntable was done with SolidWorks and Ansys.the dynamic characteristics that considering the affects of the contact surface was obtained by finite element simulation, and it was compared with the results Ideally.
Finally,the pitch of the rotary shaft and the turntable's overall modal test were carried out by Agilent 35670A to obtain the corresponding frequency response curve, consider the case of the contact surface of the finite element analysis results were verified, and then they were compared with the results in the case of ignoring all contact surfaces. It will be have reference value to improve the precision of simulation for the dynamic characteristics of mechanical structure.
本文首先对机械固定结合面之间的相互作用做了相关阐述,从理论方面对影响固定结合面特性的因素进行了分析,利用模态试验与有限元分析相结合的方法对螺栓连接面的接触刚度和接触阻尼进行了识别,并通过改变结合面的正压力、接触面积以及结合面材料试验对比分析了各因素对结合面参数的影响规律。
在确定结合面单位面积参数的基础上,本文利用吉村允孝法对转台几个主要结合面的接触刚度和阻尼进行了估算。利用法向和切向弹簧阻尼单元对转台几个主要固定结合面进行了等效处理,利用SolidWorks与Ansys对转台进行了动态特性的有限元仿真计算,获得了考虑结合面影响情况下转台的各阶固有频率和振型,并与固结结合面所得的固有频率进行了对比分析,评估了结合面对转台动态特性的影响程度。
本文最后利用动态信号分析仪(Agilent 35670A)对转台的俯仰轴系和转台的整体分别进行了模态试验,获得了相应的频率响应特性曲线,对考虑结合面影响情况下有限元分析结果进行了验证,并与有限元模态仿真分析的结果进行了对比分析,这对提高机械结构动态特性仿真分析的精度具有参考意义。
Mechanieal joints are natural strueture of all Mechanieal System. When be loaded with force, it be have complex dynamical charaeteristic with damping and elasticity and affect so much dynamical charaeteristic of Meehanieal System. With the level of industrialization increasing, the dynamics of machinery and equipment was required to be more stringent. Therefore, the fixed combination of surface characteristics and to study its correlation dynamics of mechanical systems is of great significance.
In this paper, the interaction of the interface was described from the microscopic view. the factors affecting the contact surfaces’parameters were analyzed, The method of modal testing combining with the finite element analysis was used to idenfified the parameters of the contact surface. And by changing positive pressure, contact area and contact surface materials, the variation of parameters was studied by the experiment. In determining the parameters of joint surface on the basis of unit area, the method of Yoshimura was used to estimate the parameters of the mechanieal joints. In the premise that all parts of the turntable were simplified, the main fixed contact were equivalent to normal and tangential spring damper elements, the finite element simulation of dynamic characteristics for the turntable was done with SolidWorks and Ansys.the dynamic characteristics that considering the affects of the contact surface was obtained by finite element simulation, and it was compared with the results Ideally.
Finally,the pitch of the rotary shaft and the turntable's overall modal test were carried out by Agilent 35670A to obtain the corresponding frequency response curve, consider the case of the contact surface of the finite element analysis results were verified, and then they were compared with the results in the case of ignoring all contact surfaces. It will be have reference value to improve the precision of simulation for the dynamic characteristics of mechanical structure.
引文
[1]李毅中.我国工业和信息化发展的现状与展望[N].科技日报.2009-10-11(001).
[2]陈申,王晓溪,刘军考.三轴仿真转台框架动力学分析.仿真技术.2003(15):12.
[3]李秋红.三轴转台有限元结构分析[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2007:1-2.
[4] ZHANG Xueliang, JIA Tingfang, et al. Modeling and Contact Stiffness Parameter Identification ofCantilever Beam Joint Interfaces [J]. Journal of Taiyuan UniVersi- ty of Science and Technology. 2010:Vol.31,No.6:478-480.
[5]苏春峰等.接触非线性仿真中接触刚度因子的选取的方法研究[J].沈阳航空工业学院学报. 2009:Vol.26 No.3:5-8.
[6] M. P. Dolbey. The normal dynamic charaeteristies of machine tool Plain slide ways [D].U.M.I.S.T. 1968.
[7]张学良,徐格宁,温淑华.机械结合面静动态特性研究回顾及展望[J].太原重型机械学院学报.2002:Vol.23 No3.
[8] N. Back , M. Burdekin ,A. Cowley. Reviewof the Research on Fixed and Sliding Joints[C] . Proc. 13rd Intern. Confer. M. T.D. R. 1973.
[9] M.P.Dolbey, R Bell. The Contact Stiffness of Joints at Low Apparent Interface Pressure [C]. Annals of CIRP,1970.
[10] Kirsanova.V. N. The Shear Compliance of Flat Joints[J]. Machines and Tooling ,1967.
[11] Z.M. Levina. Calculation of Contact Deformations in Slideways[J] .Machine and Tooling , 1965 (36):128.
[12] Z.M. Levina. Research on the Static Stiffness of Joints in Machine Tools[C]. 8th Intern. Confer. M. T.D. R. 1967.
[13] N. Back , M. Burdekin ,A. Cowley. Reviewof the Research on Fixed and Sliding Joints[C] . Proc. 13rd Intern. Confer. M.T.D.R. 1973.
[14]堤正臣等.机床螺栓结合部的动态特性(日)[J].精密机械,1977 (1) .
[15]伊东谊,等.现代机床基础技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987.
[16] Sun-Min Kim, Effect of joint conditions on the dynamic behavior of a gringing wheel spindle[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2001( 41):1750-1759.
[17] F.Orynski, et al. The mathematical description of dynamics of the cylindrical grinder[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2002(42):773.
[18] P.F.Rogers,G. Boothroyd. Damping at Metallic Interfaces Subjected to Oscillating Tangential Loads [J ]. Eng.for Industry ,Trans. ASME , 1975 .
[19]饶柱石,夏松波,汪光明.粗糙平面接触刚度的研究[J].机械强度,1994:Vol.16No.2:72.
[20]张广鹏等.基于结合面基础特性参数的机床导轨结合部动态特性解析方法[J].江苏机械制造与自动化,2001:No.4:72.
[21]张杰,童忠钫.机床固定结合面动力学建模问题[J].振动与冲击,1994:No.3:15.
[22]张学良,黄玉美,韩颖.基于接触分形理论的机械结合面法向接触刚度模型[J],中国机械工程,2000:Vol.11,No.7:727.
[23]张学良,温淑花.基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型[J].农业机械学报, 2002:Vol.33,No3:91-97.
[24]温淑花等.结合面法向接触刚度分形模型建立与仿真[J].农业机械学报,2009:No.11:197.
[25]葛世荣.粗糙表面的分形特征与分形表达研究[J].摩擦学学报, 1997:Vol.17, No 1:73.
[26]宋森熠,王立华,薛二鹏.分形理论及其在机械结合面中的应用[J].机械,2008:Vol.35,No.10:1-3.
[27]陈新等.机械结合部刚度、阻尼参数识别方法的研究[J],振动与冲击,1994:Vol. 52.No.4:62.
[28]刘晓平等.机械结构结合面阻尼参数识别的研究[J],振动与冲击,1995:Vol.14. No.3:61.
[29]陈璐璐.微动工况下接触刚度的测试[J].航空动力学报,2010:Vol.25.No.4:936.
[30] Todd M D, Nichols J M, Nichols C J, et al.An assessment of modal property effectiveness in detecting bolted joint degradation: theory and experiment[J]. J. of Sound and Vibration, 2004(275):1113-1126.
[31] Kim J, Yoon J C, Kang B S. Finite element analysis and modeling of structure with joints[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,2007:31(5):895.
[32] Jiayong Tian, et al. Dynamic contact stiffness of vibrating rigid sphere contacting semi-infinite transversely isotropic viscoelastic solid[J]. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2008,(6).
[33] WANG Dong,XU Liangju.Modeling of contact surface morphology and dust particles by using finite element method[J]. Zhejiang Univ SciA,2007:8(3): 403-407.
[34]王世军等.机械结合部刚度的罚函数表示方法[J].中国机械工程,2008:1536.
[35]史亚杰,朱梓根.阻尼器切向接触刚度的有限元分析及应用[J].航空动力学报,2009:Vol.24,No.6:1292.
[36]刘晓平等.模态分析和有限元结合识别机械结构结合面动力学参数的研究[J].应用力学学报,1993:Vol.10,No.3:108.
[37]白润波等.基于优化—反分析法的接触刚度因子的确定[J].建筑科学,2008:
[38]潘健.三轴转台结构静动态特性分析与动力学仿真[D].上海交通大学.2009.
[39] K. L. Johnson.Contact Mechanics[D].Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge,1985:96-126.
[40]赵永武等.新的粗糙表面弹塑性接触模型[J].机械工程学报,2007:Vol.43, No.3:95-96.
[41] Greenwood. J.A. et al.Williamson.J.B.P.Contact of nominally flat surface[J]. Proc.R. Soc.London, 1966(295):300-319.
[42] Whitehouse D. J. et al. The p roperties of random surface of significance in their contact. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond,1970(A316):97-21.
[43]吴志广,乔永利.螺栓连接件力学特性计算与模态试验对比分析[J].机械工程师,2011:No.2:100-101.
[44] PU Dayu, LIAO Ridong, ZUO Zhengxing, FENG Huihua. Finite Element Modeling and Modal Analysis of Complicated Structure with Bolted Joints[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2009:Vo1.18,No.3:273-277.
[45] Citarella R, Federico L, et a1.Modal acoustic transfer vector approach in a FEM-BEM vibro-acousitic analysis[J]. Engineering Analysis with Boundarty Elements 2007:31(3):248-250.
[46] PENG Yunfeng ,GUO Yinbiao. An Elastic-plastic Adhesion Model for contacting Fractal Rough Surface and Perfectly Wetted Plane with Meniscus[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2009:Vo1.22,No.1:9-10.
[47]廖伯瑜等.现代机械动力学及其工程应用[M].机械工业出版社,2004:243-266.
[48]张春玉.飞控系统仿真转台结构力学特性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学.2005:6-8.
[49]潘健.三轴转台结构静动态特性分析与动力学仿真[D].上海交通大学. 2009.
[2]陈申,王晓溪,刘军考.三轴仿真转台框架动力学分析.仿真技术.2003(15):12.
[3]李秋红.三轴转台有限元结构分析[D].哈尔滨工程大学硕士论文.2007:1-2.
[4] ZHANG Xueliang, JIA Tingfang, et al. Modeling and Contact Stiffness Parameter Identification ofCantilever Beam Joint Interfaces [J]. Journal of Taiyuan UniVersi- ty of Science and Technology. 2010:Vol.31,No.6:478-480.
[5]苏春峰等.接触非线性仿真中接触刚度因子的选取的方法研究[J].沈阳航空工业学院学报. 2009:Vol.26 No.3:5-8.
[6] M. P. Dolbey. The normal dynamic charaeteristies of machine tool Plain slide ways [D].U.M.I.S.T. 1968.
[7]张学良,徐格宁,温淑华.机械结合面静动态特性研究回顾及展望[J].太原重型机械学院学报.2002:Vol.23 No3.
[8] N. Back , M. Burdekin ,A. Cowley. Reviewof the Research on Fixed and Sliding Joints[C] . Proc. 13rd Intern. Confer. M. T.D. R. 1973.
[9] M.P.Dolbey, R Bell. The Contact Stiffness of Joints at Low Apparent Interface Pressure [C]. Annals of CIRP,1970.
[10] Kirsanova.V. N. The Shear Compliance of Flat Joints[J]. Machines and Tooling ,1967.
[11] Z.M. Levina. Calculation of Contact Deformations in Slideways[J] .Machine and Tooling , 1965 (36):128.
[12] Z.M. Levina. Research on the Static Stiffness of Joints in Machine Tools[C]. 8th Intern. Confer. M. T.D. R. 1967.
[13] N. Back , M. Burdekin ,A. Cowley. Reviewof the Research on Fixed and Sliding Joints[C] . Proc. 13rd Intern. Confer. M.T.D.R. 1973.
[14]堤正臣等.机床螺栓结合部的动态特性(日)[J].精密机械,1977 (1) .
[15]伊东谊,等.现代机床基础技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987.
[16] Sun-Min Kim, Effect of joint conditions on the dynamic behavior of a gringing wheel spindle[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2001( 41):1750-1759.
[17] F.Orynski, et al. The mathematical description of dynamics of the cylindrical grinder[J].International Journal of Machine Tools&Manufacture,2002(42):773.
[18] P.F.Rogers,G. Boothroyd. Damping at Metallic Interfaces Subjected to Oscillating Tangential Loads [J ]. Eng.for Industry ,Trans. ASME , 1975 .
[19]饶柱石,夏松波,汪光明.粗糙平面接触刚度的研究[J].机械强度,1994:Vol.16No.2:72.
[20]张广鹏等.基于结合面基础特性参数的机床导轨结合部动态特性解析方法[J].江苏机械制造与自动化,2001:No.4:72.
[21]张杰,童忠钫.机床固定结合面动力学建模问题[J].振动与冲击,1994:No.3:15.
[22]张学良,黄玉美,韩颖.基于接触分形理论的机械结合面法向接触刚度模型[J],中国机械工程,2000:Vol.11,No.7:727.
[23]张学良,温淑花.基于接触分形理论的结合面切向接触刚度分形模型[J].农业机械学报, 2002:Vol.33,No3:91-97.
[24]温淑花等.结合面法向接触刚度分形模型建立与仿真[J].农业机械学报,2009:No.11:197.
[25]葛世荣.粗糙表面的分形特征与分形表达研究[J].摩擦学学报, 1997:Vol.17, No 1:73.
[26]宋森熠,王立华,薛二鹏.分形理论及其在机械结合面中的应用[J].机械,2008:Vol.35,No.10:1-3.
[27]陈新等.机械结合部刚度、阻尼参数识别方法的研究[J],振动与冲击,1994:Vol. 52.No.4:62.
[28]刘晓平等.机械结构结合面阻尼参数识别的研究[J],振动与冲击,1995:Vol.14. No.3:61.
[29]陈璐璐.微动工况下接触刚度的测试[J].航空动力学报,2010:Vol.25.No.4:936.
[30] Todd M D, Nichols J M, Nichols C J, et al.An assessment of modal property effectiveness in detecting bolted joint degradation: theory and experiment[J]. J. of Sound and Vibration, 2004(275):1113-1126.
[31] Kim J, Yoon J C, Kang B S. Finite element analysis and modeling of structure with joints[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,2007:31(5):895.
[32] Jiayong Tian, et al. Dynamic contact stiffness of vibrating rigid sphere contacting semi-infinite transversely isotropic viscoelastic solid[J]. Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2008,(6).
[33] WANG Dong,XU Liangju.Modeling of contact surface morphology and dust particles by using finite element method[J]. Zhejiang Univ SciA,2007:8(3): 403-407.
[34]王世军等.机械结合部刚度的罚函数表示方法[J].中国机械工程,2008:1536.
[35]史亚杰,朱梓根.阻尼器切向接触刚度的有限元分析及应用[J].航空动力学报,2009:Vol.24,No.6:1292.
[36]刘晓平等.模态分析和有限元结合识别机械结构结合面动力学参数的研究[J].应用力学学报,1993:Vol.10,No.3:108.
[37]白润波等.基于优化—反分析法的接触刚度因子的确定[J].建筑科学,2008:
[38]潘健.三轴转台结构静动态特性分析与动力学仿真[D].上海交通大学.2009.
[39] K. L. Johnson.Contact Mechanics[D].Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge,1985:96-126.
[40]赵永武等.新的粗糙表面弹塑性接触模型[J].机械工程学报,2007:Vol.43, No.3:95-96.
[41] Greenwood. J.A. et al.Williamson.J.B.P.Contact of nominally flat surface[J]. Proc.R. Soc.London, 1966(295):300-319.
[42] Whitehouse D. J. et al. The p roperties of random surface of significance in their contact. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond,1970(A316):97-21.
[43]吴志广,乔永利.螺栓连接件力学特性计算与模态试验对比分析[J].机械工程师,2011:No.2:100-101.
[44] PU Dayu, LIAO Ridong, ZUO Zhengxing, FENG Huihua. Finite Element Modeling and Modal Analysis of Complicated Structure with Bolted Joints[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2009:Vo1.18,No.3:273-277.
[45] Citarella R, Federico L, et a1.Modal acoustic transfer vector approach in a FEM-BEM vibro-acousitic analysis[J]. Engineering Analysis with Boundarty Elements 2007:31(3):248-250.
[46] PENG Yunfeng ,GUO Yinbiao. An Elastic-plastic Adhesion Model for contacting Fractal Rough Surface and Perfectly Wetted Plane with Meniscus[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2009:Vo1.22,No.1:9-10.
[47]廖伯瑜等.现代机械动力学及其工程应用[M].机械工业出版社,2004:243-266.
[48]张春玉.飞控系统仿真转台结构力学特性研究[D].哈尔滨工业大学.2005:6-8.
[49]潘健.三轴转台结构静动态特性分析与动力学仿真[D].上海交通大学. 2009.