油管数控加工工艺参数的研究与试验
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摘要
油管在石油工业中被广泛应用。它是应用于油井内输送石油和天然气的钢管，安装于套管内，油气从油管内流动升至井口。油管一般由接箍连接，接箍两端有螺纹，油管的加工质量直接影响油井生产的安全性能。
国际上一些经济发达国家，油管的数控加工技术起步早，技术先进，对发展中国家实行技术封锁。在国内，油管加工设备多数是机械式车床，结构和功能相同。近年来随着数控技术的发展与普及，已有一定数量的数控车床得到应用，推动了油管加工技术的发展，在一定程度上提高了加工效率和质量。但由于各生产厂家对油管的加工技术保密，生产厂家之间没有机会探讨加工工艺，因此在这方面仍处于摸索探讨阶段。
本文根据优化理论，研究了在新条件(如数控系统、刀具等)下，加工工艺参数的影响因素及变化特点，建立了优化切削参数的数学模型，并根据油管切削质量要求，从理论上确定了切削参数。
金属切削试验在金属切削研究中占主要地位。金属切削过程的优化，尤其是切削参数的优化等一系列实际问题必须通过试验才能解决。随着科学技术的进步，特别是数控技术的发展，使切削试验的步骤大大简化，数控机床的一次切削中，可以给出不同的切削速度和不同的进给量，也可以采用不同的切削刀具，通过编程和调节倍率按钮都可以方便实现。本文研究并给出了快速有效的切削试验方案，经过切削试验和对试验结果的分析，确定了一套最佳加工工艺参数。
数控机床的生产效率、加工精度和产品成本等在很大程度上取决于刀具的工作性能。为此本文提出了刀具选择模式，它是以经济效益、社会效益和环境效益为目标，以环境影响和资源利用为前提，综合考虑功能、质量、成本和服务等因素进行的刀具选择，是从根本上有利于企业的生存和发展的有效方法。
通过上述的研究与试验，可以使改造后的西班牙数控车床充分发挥应有的作用，为企业带来更大的经济和社会效益。
Oil pipes that are steel ones used for transporting oil and natural gas and are fixed inside sleeves, in which oil and gas move up to the orifice of oil well, are widely applied in petroleum industry. Hoops with thread at ends generally connect oil pipes, which are one of important links between them and the quality of those directly affect the hermetic performances of oil well. Digital-controlled technology of pipe thread in some of the developed countries has come up to advanced world standard, but those in developing countries are blockaded. Most of the pipe threads manufacturing equipments are mechanical ones with the same structures and function in China. With the development and popularization of digital-controlled technology, some of digital-controlled pipe threads have been applied, which furthered the polytechnic development in pipe threads and improved manufacturing efficient as well their quality to some extent. However, manufacturers have no chances to probe the processes on pipe threads to each
other because they suppress the manufacturing processes about oil pipe threads and the technology is still in the initial stage.
According to the optimization theory the influential facts and different features of processes parameters are studied in new conditions such as digital-controlled system and sharpeners etc. The mathematics model of optimized cutting parameters that are theoretically determined by the quality of threads cutting is set up.
Cutting experiment has a high place in research of cutting metal. The optimization of processing metal, especially ones of a series of practical problems in cutting parameters must be solved by experiments. With the progress of science and technology, particularly the development of digital-controlled technique makes cutting experiment much more simple. Various speed and different supplement are given in one process, and also are conveniently accomplished with another sharpener by programming and adjusting multiple buttons. The scheme that is simple and effective for cutting experiment is given throughout the cutting experiments and the analyses for them, and a set of optimal process parameters is decided.
Production efficiency, process precision and product cost of a digital-controlled lathe depends largely on the performance of sharpeners. It introduces the module for choosing sharpeners, which is the one for the benefit of economy, society and environment through considering synthetically function, quality, cost, service and the like and a fundamentally effective way for the survival and development to enterprises.
By the experiments and research above make the digital-controlled thread lathe that is reformed plays an effectual role, which will bring enterprises more economic and social efficiency
国际上一些经济发达国家，油管的数控加工技术起步早，技术先进，对发展中国家实行技术封锁。在国内，油管加工设备多数是机械式车床，结构和功能相同。近年来随着数控技术的发展与普及，已有一定数量的数控车床得到应用，推动了油管加工技术的发展，在一定程度上提高了加工效率和质量。但由于各生产厂家对油管的加工技术保密，生产厂家之间没有机会探讨加工工艺，因此在这方面仍处于摸索探讨阶段。
本文根据优化理论，研究了在新条件(如数控系统、刀具等)下，加工工艺参数的影响因素及变化特点，建立了优化切削参数的数学模型，并根据油管切削质量要求，从理论上确定了切削参数。
金属切削试验在金属切削研究中占主要地位。金属切削过程的优化，尤其是切削参数的优化等一系列实际问题必须通过试验才能解决。随着科学技术的进步，特别是数控技术的发展，使切削试验的步骤大大简化，数控机床的一次切削中，可以给出不同的切削速度和不同的进给量，也可以采用不同的切削刀具，通过编程和调节倍率按钮都可以方便实现。本文研究并给出了快速有效的切削试验方案，经过切削试验和对试验结果的分析，确定了一套最佳加工工艺参数。
数控机床的生产效率、加工精度和产品成本等在很大程度上取决于刀具的工作性能。为此本文提出了刀具选择模式，它是以经济效益、社会效益和环境效益为目标，以环境影响和资源利用为前提，综合考虑功能、质量、成本和服务等因素进行的刀具选择，是从根本上有利于企业的生存和发展的有效方法。
通过上述的研究与试验，可以使改造后的西班牙数控车床充分发挥应有的作用，为企业带来更大的经济和社会效益。
Oil pipes that are steel ones used for transporting oil and natural gas and are fixed inside sleeves, in which oil and gas move up to the orifice of oil well, are widely applied in petroleum industry. Hoops with thread at ends generally connect oil pipes, which are one of important links between them and the quality of those directly affect the hermetic performances of oil well. Digital-controlled technology of pipe thread in some of the developed countries has come up to advanced world standard, but those in developing countries are blockaded. Most of the pipe threads manufacturing equipments are mechanical ones with the same structures and function in China. With the development and popularization of digital-controlled technology, some of digital-controlled pipe threads have been applied, which furthered the polytechnic development in pipe threads and improved manufacturing efficient as well their quality to some extent. However, manufacturers have no chances to probe the processes on pipe threads to each
other because they suppress the manufacturing processes about oil pipe threads and the technology is still in the initial stage.
According to the optimization theory the influential facts and different features of processes parameters are studied in new conditions such as digital-controlled system and sharpeners etc. The mathematics model of optimized cutting parameters that are theoretically determined by the quality of threads cutting is set up.
Cutting experiment has a high place in research of cutting metal. The optimization of processing metal, especially ones of a series of practical problems in cutting parameters must be solved by experiments. With the progress of science and technology, particularly the development of digital-controlled technique makes cutting experiment much more simple. Various speed and different supplement are given in one process, and also are conveniently accomplished with another sharpener by programming and adjusting multiple buttons. The scheme that is simple and effective for cutting experiment is given throughout the cutting experiments and the analyses for them, and a set of optimal process parameters is decided.
Production efficiency, process precision and product cost of a digital-controlled lathe depends largely on the performance of sharpeners. It introduces the module for choosing sharpeners, which is the one for the benefit of economy, society and environment through considering synthetically function, quality, cost, service and the like and a fundamentally effective way for the survival and development to enterprises.
By the experiments and research above make the digital-controlled thread lathe that is reformed plays an effectual role, which will bring enterprises more economic and social efficiency
引文
[1] 周济，周艳红．数控加工技术．修订2版．国防工业出版社，2002．
[2] 李峻秦，费仁元．数控机床及其使用与维修．国防工业出版社，1999．
[3] 北京发那科机电有限公司．数控系统的发展．制造技术与机床，2001(8)：48～49
[4] 陈劲松．螺纹的重复切削．制造技术与机床，2001(10)：43
[5] 楼锡银．螺纹加工的编程方法．机电一体化，2001(3)：45—47
[6] 王可，唐宗军，赵文珍．管螺纹数控加工中的几个技术问题 石油机械，1998(11)：42-43
[7] 韩荣第，周明．金属切削原理：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1998，2
[8] 袁哲俊．金属切削试验技术：机械工业出版社，1987
[9] 杜君文，邓广敏．数控技术：天津大学出版社，2002，2
[10] 刘源灿．金属切削原理：上海科学技术文献出版社，1985，8
[11] 栾军．试验设计的技术与方法：上海交通大学出版社，1987，10
[12] 解可新，韩立兴，林友联．最优化方法：天津大学出版社，1997，1
[13] 刘峰．用数控车床加工石油油管螺纹．机械工程师，1999，(5)：23-24
[14] 周永麟．采用可转位刀具的螺纹数控加工．机械工艺师，1999，(11)：14-16
[15] 周正干等．提高数控加工速度和精度的几种方法．制造技术与机床，2000，(12)：38-40
[16] 吴缝钢等．提高油管加工质量的工艺措施．石油机械，2000，(3)：25-26
[17] Asko Riehn. The Challenges of High peed Cutting. Modern Machine Shop Online, July, 1998. 30-35
[18] Peter Zelinski. Find Your Feed Rate on Fly. Modern Machine Shop Online, May, 1996. 6-10
[19] 周凯，陆启建．数控车削螺纹的无同步脉冲控制法．制造技术与机床，2000，(8)：43-44
[20] 周正干，王美清等．高速加工的关键技术[J]．机床与液压，2000，(6)
[21] 陈日曜．金属切削原理．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[22] 陈维喜．刀具涂层技术的现状与展望．工具技术，2000，3 (3～6)
[23] 乐兑谦．金属切削刀具．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[24] 袁哲俊．金属切削试验技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1982
[25] 艾兴，肖诗钢．切削用量手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1984
[26] 傅晓锦．进化计算切削用量．新技术新工艺，2000，(3)
[27] 汪荣鑫．数理统计．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1986
[28] 刘飞．21世纪制造业的绿色变革与创新．机械工程学报，2000，36(1)2
[29] 王跃进等．绿色刀具设计的概念及关键技术．工具技术，2001，2(20～22)
[30] 刘光复等编．绿色设计与绿色制造．北京：机械工业出版社．19994
[31] 刘志峰等．绿色产品评价方法的研究．中国机械工程，2000，11(9)
[32] 刘国光．基于GASA混合优化策略的切削参数优化设计．组合机床与自动化，2002．5(34～35)
[33] 陈书法．金属车削加工中切削参数的优化设计．机械研究与应用，1999，12(32～35)
[34] 徐莹等．面向绿色制造的工艺参数优化数学模型．工具技术，2001，4(14～16)
[35] 张维纪．金属切削原理及刀具．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1991
[36] 孙国正．优化设计及应用．北京：人民交通出版社，1992
[37] 刘惟信．机械最优化设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1986
[38] Todd J. Schuett. Advanced Controls for High Speed Milling. Proceeding of the SME "High Speed Machining" Conference at Chicago IL May 7-8, 1996, 30-38
[39] Todd J. Schuett. The Ultimate DNC. Direct CNC Networking (DCN). Modern Machine Shop, January, 1996. 60.
[40] Todd J. Schuett. A Closer Look At Look-Ahead Speed and Accuracy Benefits. Modern Machine Shop, March, 1996.20-26.
[41] T. Altan, P. Fallb, C. Rodriguez. HSM-On the Edge of Technology. Modern
Machine Shop Online, January, 1998. 33-38.
[42] Mark Albert. It's Within You Grasp It will Extend Your Research. Modern Machine Shop Online, August, 1997.22-25.
[43] Tom Beard. Making Machines Move Faster. Modern Machine Shop Online, August, 1997. 10-15.
[44] Mark Albert. What is Motion Control Card?. Modern Machine Shop Online, March, 1997. 8-12.
[45] 成光明．数控切削中的切屑控制．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1996，1
[46] 张柱银．数控加工中对刀问题的处理．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2002，9
[47] 赵晓林．数控车编程中应注意的几个问题．机床与液压，2002，2
[48] 李旭东，黄克正等．切削用量智能化选择的神经网络建模．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1999，10(13～16)
[49] 刘彩琴，唐俊英等．切削用量的模糊化选择．机械制造，1999，1(25～26)
[50] 吴缝钢，尹树芳等．提高油管加工质量的工艺措施．石油机械，2002，3 (25～26)
[51] 乐光学．数控机床切削用量优化的研究．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2001，9(37～40)
[52] 徐创文．数控车床螺纹加工方法．阀门，2002，3(25～27)
[53] 程卫东，冯峰等．MATLAB5．3应用指南。北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，3
[2] 李峻秦，费仁元．数控机床及其使用与维修．国防工业出版社，1999．
[3] 北京发那科机电有限公司．数控系统的发展．制造技术与机床，2001(8)：48～49
[4] 陈劲松．螺纹的重复切削．制造技术与机床，2001(10)：43
[5] 楼锡银．螺纹加工的编程方法．机电一体化，2001(3)：45—47
[6] 王可，唐宗军，赵文珍．管螺纹数控加工中的几个技术问题 石油机械，1998(11)：42-43
[7] 韩荣第，周明．金属切削原理：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1998，2
[8] 袁哲俊．金属切削试验技术：机械工业出版社，1987
[9] 杜君文，邓广敏．数控技术：天津大学出版社，2002，2
[10] 刘源灿．金属切削原理：上海科学技术文献出版社，1985，8
[11] 栾军．试验设计的技术与方法：上海交通大学出版社，1987，10
[12] 解可新，韩立兴，林友联．最优化方法：天津大学出版社，1997，1
[13] 刘峰．用数控车床加工石油油管螺纹．机械工程师，1999，(5)：23-24
[14] 周永麟．采用可转位刀具的螺纹数控加工．机械工艺师，1999，(11)：14-16
[15] 周正干等．提高数控加工速度和精度的几种方法．制造技术与机床，2000，(12)：38-40
[16] 吴缝钢等．提高油管加工质量的工艺措施．石油机械，2000，(3)：25-26
[17] Asko Riehn. The Challenges of High peed Cutting. Modern Machine Shop Online, July, 1998. 30-35
[18] Peter Zelinski. Find Your Feed Rate on Fly. Modern Machine Shop Online, May, 1996. 6-10
[19] 周凯，陆启建．数控车削螺纹的无同步脉冲控制法．制造技术与机床，2000，(8)：43-44
[20] 周正干，王美清等．高速加工的关键技术[J]．机床与液压，2000，(6)
[21] 陈日曜．金属切削原理．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[22] 陈维喜．刀具涂层技术的现状与展望．工具技术，2000，3 (3～6)
[23] 乐兑谦．金属切削刀具．北京：机械工业出版社，1992
[24] 袁哲俊．金属切削试验技术．北京：机械工业出版社，1982
[25] 艾兴，肖诗钢．切削用量手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1984
[26] 傅晓锦．进化计算切削用量．新技术新工艺，2000，(3)
[27] 汪荣鑫．数理统计．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1986
[28] 刘飞．21世纪制造业的绿色变革与创新．机械工程学报，2000，36(1)2
[29] 王跃进等．绿色刀具设计的概念及关键技术．工具技术，2001，2(20～22)
[30] 刘光复等编．绿色设计与绿色制造．北京：机械工业出版社．19994
[31] 刘志峰等．绿色产品评价方法的研究．中国机械工程，2000，11(9)
[32] 刘国光．基于GASA混合优化策略的切削参数优化设计．组合机床与自动化，2002．5(34～35)
[33] 陈书法．金属车削加工中切削参数的优化设计．机械研究与应用，1999，12(32～35)
[34] 徐莹等．面向绿色制造的工艺参数优化数学模型．工具技术，2001，4(14～16)
[35] 张维纪．金属切削原理及刀具．杭州：浙江大学出版社，1991
[36] 孙国正．优化设计及应用．北京：人民交通出版社，1992
[37] 刘惟信．机械最优化设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1986
[38] Todd J. Schuett. Advanced Controls for High Speed Milling. Proceeding of the SME "High Speed Machining" Conference at Chicago IL May 7-8, 1996, 30-38
[39] Todd J. Schuett. The Ultimate DNC. Direct CNC Networking (DCN). Modern Machine Shop, January, 1996. 60.
[40] Todd J. Schuett. A Closer Look At Look-Ahead Speed and Accuracy Benefits. Modern Machine Shop, March, 1996.20-26.
[41] T. Altan, P. Fallb, C. Rodriguez. HSM-On the Edge of Technology. Modern
Machine Shop Online, January, 1998. 33-38.
[42] Mark Albert. It's Within You Grasp It will Extend Your Research. Modern Machine Shop Online, August, 1997.22-25.
[43] Tom Beard. Making Machines Move Faster. Modern Machine Shop Online, August, 1997. 10-15.
[44] Mark Albert. What is Motion Control Card?. Modern Machine Shop Online, March, 1997. 8-12.
[45] 成光明．数控切削中的切屑控制．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1996，1
[46] 张柱银．数控加工中对刀问题的处理．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2002，9
[47] 赵晓林．数控车编程中应注意的几个问题．机床与液压，2002，2
[48] 李旭东，黄克正等．切削用量智能化选择的神经网络建模．组合机床与自动化加工技术，1999，10(13～16)
[49] 刘彩琴，唐俊英等．切削用量的模糊化选择．机械制造，1999，1(25～26)
[50] 吴缝钢，尹树芳等．提高油管加工质量的工艺措施．石油机械，2002，3 (25～26)
[51] 乐光学．数控机床切削用量优化的研究．组合机床与自动化加工技术，2001，9(37～40)
[52] 徐创文．数控车床螺纹加工方法．阀门，2002，3(25～27)
[53] 程卫东，冯峰等．MATLAB5．3应用指南。北京：人民邮电出版社，2000，3