脱水素基因转化的矮牵牛对干旱胁迫的反应
|
摘要
水资源匮乏严重地制约着农业和园林事业的发展。干旱是影响植物生长和发育的重要环境因子，植物在干旱、低温、盐和ABA等逆境的胁迫下，脱水素的表达水平明显升高，这表明脱水素可能对于增强植物对逆境胁迫的耐受力有重要的作用。
本实验将源于耐旱植物厚叶旋蒴苣苔（Boea crassiffolia）的脱水素（Dehydrin）基因DBDN置于CaMV35S启动子的调控之下，并插入于表达载体pCAMBIA3300中，通过根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导导入矮牵牛(Petunia Hybrida)，经PCR及Southern杂交验证DBDN基因已整合入矮牵牛基因组中，Northern实验证明，DBDN基因在矮牵牛中在RNA水平有较强的表达。通过对转DBDN基因矮牵牛的保水力和低温离子渗漏的测定，初步验证转基因矮牵牛对水分胁迫的能力在一定程度上有所增加。本实验是培育耐水分胁迫的观赏园艺作物的一次尝试，也为将脱水素基因导入园林植物培育耐寒耐旱园林植物新品种做了一个铺垫。
另一方面，将脱水素基因置于T7启动子的调控之下，插入原核表达载体pMXB-10中，在大肠杆菌ER2566中表达，超声破碎后，得到可溶的融合蛋白，经Chitin Beads纯化得到BDN1蛋白。将所得蛋白免疫兔子，得到抗血清，并用ELISA对抗血清进行效价测定，测定结果表明，抗血清中含有针对BDN1蛋白的抗体，所得的抗血清可用于转基因植物BDN1蛋白的检测，BDN1蛋白在植物中的表达定位实验尚在深入进行。
Water deficiency is a serious limited factor in the agricultural and horticultural development. And drought is the critical factor to affect plant growth and development. Expression of dehydrin increases when plant is under the stess of drought, low tempreture, salt and ABA. This phenomenon indicate that dehydrin could have more important action in improve the tolerant of stress of plant.
Dehydrin-like Gene (DBDN) from Boea crassifolia was placed under the control of CaMV35S promoter and inserted into binary vector pCAMBIA3300 for genetic transformation. The transgenic plants of Petunia hybrida were identified by molecular biology procedure and show strong expression of transgene of dehydrin at transcriptional level. The water conservation ability assay and leaf electrolyte leakage determination showed transgenic petunia plants are with strong tolerance to stress condition.
Otherwise, put the gene BDN1 under the regulation of T7 promoter and into the prokaryotic expression vector pMXB-10. Express the protein BDN in E. coli ER2566. Collected solubility fusion protein after ultrasonication, cleavage and purification we get the protein BDN1. Use BDN1 immune cony to get antiserum. Potency test of antiserum with ELISA indicate there are antibody of BDN1 in antiserum. The antiserum can be used to test of protein BDN1 expressing in transgenic plant. The work on dehydrin distribution is under further study by immunological method.
Master Candidate: Wang Jundan
Major: Garden Plant and
Ornamental Horticulture
Supervisor: Pro. Che Daidi and
Pro. Lin Zhongping
本实验将源于耐旱植物厚叶旋蒴苣苔（Boea crassiffolia）的脱水素（Dehydrin）基因DBDN置于CaMV35S启动子的调控之下，并插入于表达载体pCAMBIA3300中，通过根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导导入矮牵牛(Petunia Hybrida)，经PCR及Southern杂交验证DBDN基因已整合入矮牵牛基因组中，Northern实验证明，DBDN基因在矮牵牛中在RNA水平有较强的表达。通过对转DBDN基因矮牵牛的保水力和低温离子渗漏的测定，初步验证转基因矮牵牛对水分胁迫的能力在一定程度上有所增加。本实验是培育耐水分胁迫的观赏园艺作物的一次尝试，也为将脱水素基因导入园林植物培育耐寒耐旱园林植物新品种做了一个铺垫。
另一方面，将脱水素基因置于T7启动子的调控之下，插入原核表达载体pMXB-10中，在大肠杆菌ER2566中表达，超声破碎后，得到可溶的融合蛋白，经Chitin Beads纯化得到BDN1蛋白。将所得蛋白免疫兔子，得到抗血清，并用ELISA对抗血清进行效价测定，测定结果表明，抗血清中含有针对BDN1蛋白的抗体，所得的抗血清可用于转基因植物BDN1蛋白的检测，BDN1蛋白在植物中的表达定位实验尚在深入进行。
Water deficiency is a serious limited factor in the agricultural and horticultural development. And drought is the critical factor to affect plant growth and development. Expression of dehydrin increases when plant is under the stess of drought, low tempreture, salt and ABA. This phenomenon indicate that dehydrin could have more important action in improve the tolerant of stress of plant.
Dehydrin-like Gene (DBDN) from Boea crassifolia was placed under the control of CaMV35S promoter and inserted into binary vector pCAMBIA3300 for genetic transformation. The transgenic plants of Petunia hybrida were identified by molecular biology procedure and show strong expression of transgene of dehydrin at transcriptional level. The water conservation ability assay and leaf electrolyte leakage determination showed transgenic petunia plants are with strong tolerance to stress condition.
Otherwise, put the gene BDN1 under the regulation of T7 promoter and into the prokaryotic expression vector pMXB-10. Express the protein BDN in E. coli ER2566. Collected solubility fusion protein after ultrasonication, cleavage and purification we get the protein BDN1. Use BDN1 immune cony to get antiserum. Potency test of antiserum with ELISA indicate there are antibody of BDN1 in antiserum. The antiserum can be used to test of protein BDN1 expressing in transgenic plant. The work on dehydrin distribution is under further study by immunological method.
Master Candidate: Wang Jundan
Major: Garden Plant and
Ornamental Horticulture
Supervisor: Pro. Che Daidi and
Pro. Lin Zhongping
引文
林忠平. 走向21世纪的植物分子生物学，科学出版社，北京，2000:242-252
王关林，方宏筠. 植物基因工程，科学出版社，北京，2002:795 - 796
韦三立. 观赏植物花期控制. 中国农业出版社, 北京, 1999
Godde D. Adaptations of the photosynthetic apparatus to stress conditions. In plant responses to environmental stresses (ed. H.R.Lerner) , Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999:449-474.
Hamish A. Collin and Sue Edwards. Plant Cell Culture, Biddles Ltd, Guildford, UK. 1998:139-145
Oliver M J and Wood A J. Desiccation tolerance of mosses, In Stress-Inducible Processes in higher Eukaryotic Cells(ed. T.Koval), Plenum Publising Corp, New York. 1997:1-26
萨姆布鲁克,DW拉塞尔.分子克隆实验指南.黄培堂等译.第三版.科学出版社,北京,2002:1217-1232
陈忠 花卉作物良种繁育在实际生产中的应用. 北方园艺, 2000,6:40-42
房用, 荀守华, 丛玉敏, 孔宪凤, 史少军, 褚秀梅 林木花卉的生物技术育种. 西南园艺, 1999,27(4):35-36
季孔庶 园林植物育种方法及其应用. 林业科技开发, 2004,18(1):70-73
李美茹, 陈金婷, 孙梓健, 陈贻竹, 李洪清 花卉分子育种的研究进展. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2003,11(1):87-92
李倩中, 李惠芬 我国花卉育种途径及进展. 安徽农业科学, 2002,30(5):797-798
刘青林 观赏植物花器官主要观赏性状的遗传与改良. 园艺学报, 1998,25(1):81-86
刘小莉, 刘飞虎 花卉育种技术研究进展(综述). 亚热带植物科学, 2003,32(2):64-68.
刘艳军, 张伟玉, 杨静慧, 郭秀民 转基因技术在园林植物育种工作中的应用. 天津农林科技, 2002,5:17-18
密士军 航天诱变育种研究的新进展. 黑龙江农业科学, 2002,(4): 31-33.
明军, 张启翔, 茹广欣, 晏晓兰, 毛庆山 园林及园艺植物品种鉴定的DNA分子标记技术. 世界林业研究, 2003,16(5):12-16
任祝三，张慧玲译 转基因技术在切花育种中的应用. 细胞生物学杂志, 2000, 22(2):67-71
宋希强, 王芳, 钟云芳, 张玄兵 试论花卉新品种的起源与形成途径. 云南林业科技, 2003,4:84-88
王兰明 花卉新品种的选育途径. 邯郸农业高等专科学校学报, 2000,17(3):46
王小德, 马进 园林地被植物研究进展和展望. 浙江林学院学报, 2003,20(4):419-423
王艳，任吉君 我国花卉育种现状与发展策略. 种子, 2002,5:37-39
王云翠，邓德祥，姚泉洪，蒋守华，张勇，王益军，范惠琴 农杆菌介导法转GM-CSF基因玉米研究初报. 分子植物育种，2003，1(5/6): 677-681
吴根娣 加强园林花卉育种工作是提高园林绿化水平当务之急. 江苏林业科技，1998，25:113-116
吴晓梅, 杨盛昌, 缪颖, 陈德海 花卉基因工程研究进展. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,32(3):325-330
杨静慧, 张伟玉, 郭秀民, 刘艳军 观赏植物的花色基因工程育种. 天津农林科技, 2002,5:14-16
于秋菊，吴锜，林忠平,李景富 植物水孔蛋白研究进展. 北京大学学报，2002,38(6):855- 866
张惠君, 罗凤霞 花卉常规杂交育种的研究进展. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2001,32(4):317- 320
赵恢武，胡鸢雷，林忠平 果聚糖合酶基因转化烟草种子干旱条件下萌发能力增强. 中国植物学会65周年纪念大会论文摘要, 1998:528
赵恢武，陈扬坚，刘晗，胡鸢雷，高音，林忠平 干旱诱导性启动子驱动的海藻糖磷酸合酶植物表达载体的构建及其对烟草耐旱性的影响. 植物学报，2000, 42(6):616-619
赵恢武，刘晗，于海源，胡鸢雷，高音，李振宇，林忠平 耐旱植物厚叶旋蒴苣苔BDN1脱水素基因的克隆及其表达特性分析. 科学通报，2000, 45(15):1648-1654
甄伟，陈溪，孙思洋，胡鸢雷，林忠平 冷诱导基因的转录因子CBF1转化油菜和烟草及抗寒性鉴定. 自然科学进展, 2000,10(12):64-68
郑琰燚 我国花卉产业中育种工作的现状与分析. 江苏林业科技,2002,49(1):40-42
郑志亮 花卉作物的花色基因工程. 福建农业科技, 1996,1:23-24
Abe H, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Urao T, Iwasaki T, Hosokawa D and Shinozaki K. Role of Arabidopsis MYC and MYB homologous in drought and abscisic acid-regulated gene expression. Plant Cell. 1997,9:1859-1868
Bartels D, Schneider K, Terstappen G, Piatkowski D and Salamini F. Molecular cloning of abscisic acid-modulated genes which are induced during desiccation of the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. Planta 1990,181:27-34
Bianchi G., Gamba A., Murelli C., Salamini F. and Bartels D. Novel carbohydrate metabolism in the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. Plant J. 1991,1:355-359
Bowler C, Van Montague M, Inze D. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annu. Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1992,43:83-116
Boyer J S. Plant productivity and environment. Science 1982, 218:443-448
Bray E A. Plant responses to water deficit. Trends plant Sci. 1997,2:48-54
Ceccardi T L, Meyer N C, Close T J. Purification of a maize dehydrin. Protein Expr. Purif. 1994,5(3):266-269
Chaumont F, Barrieu F, Herman E M and Chrispeels M J. Characterization of a maize tonoplast aquaporin expressed in zones of cell division and elongation. Plant Physiol. 1998,117(4):1143-1152
Choi H, Hong J, Ha J, Kang J And Kim S. ABFs: a family of ABA-responsive element binding factors. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000,275:1723-1730
Close T J. Dehydrins: A commonalty in the response of plants to dehydration and low temperature. Physiol plant. 1997, 100:291-296
Colmenero-Flores J M, Campos F, Garciarrubio A and Covarrubias A. Characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris cDNA clones responsive to water deficit: identification of a novel late
embryogenesis abundant-like protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 1997,35(4):393-405
Conley T R, Sharp R E and Walker J C. Water deficit stimulatesthe activity of protein kinase in the elongation zone of the maize primary root. Plant Physiology. 1997,113,219-226.
Crowe J H, Hoekstra F A, Nguyen K H, Crowe L M. Is vitrification involved in depression of the phase transition temperature in dry phospholipids? Biochim. Biophys Acta 1996,1280(2):1 87-96
Deak M, Horvath G V, Davletova S, Torok K, Sass L, Vass I, Barna B, Kiraly Z and Dudits D. Plants ectopically expressing the iron-binding protein ferritin, are tolerant to oxidative damages and pathogens. Nature Biotechnol. 1999,17:192-196
Dure III L, Crouch M, Harada J, Ho T-HD, Muncy J, Quatrano R S, Thomas T and Sung Z R. Common amino acid sequence domains among the LEA proteins of higher plant. Plant Mol. Biol. 1989,12:475-486
Espelund M, Saeboe-Larssen S, Hughes D W, Galau G A, Larsen F and Jakobsen K S. Late embryogenesis-abundant genes encoding proteins with different numbers of hydrophilic repeats are regulated differentially by abscisic acid and osmotic stress. Plant J. 1992,2(2):241-252
Flugge UI. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1999, 50:27-45
Forster B P, Ellis R P, Thomas W T, Newton A C, Tuberosa R, This D, El-Enein R A, Bahri M H and Ben Salem M. The development and application of molecular markers for abiotic stress tolerance in barley. J. Exp. Bot. 2000,51(342):19-27
Foyer C H, Descourvieres P and Kunert K J. Protection against oxygen radicals: an important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants. Plant, Cell and Environment. 1994, 17:507-523
Frank W, Philips J, Salamini F and Bartels D. Two dehydration inducible transcripts from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum encode interesting homeodomain-leucine zipper proteins. Plant Journal. 1998,15:413-421
Goddijin O J M, Verwoerd T C, Voogd E and Pen J. Inhibition of trehalase activity enhances trehalose accumulation in transgenic olants. Plant Physiol. 1997,113:181-190
Goddijin O J M, Smeekens S. Sensing trehalose biosynthesis in plant. Plant J. 1998,14:143-146
Gomez J, Sanchez-Martinez D, Stiefel V, Rigau J, Puigdomenech P and Pages M. A gene induced the plant hormone abscisic acid in response to water stress encodes a glycine-rich protein. Nature 1988,334:262-264
Gosti F, Bertauche N, Vartanian N and Giraudat J. Abscisic acid-dependent and independent regulation of gene expression by progressive drought in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1995,246(1):10-18
Guerbette F, Grosbois M, Jolliot-Croquin A, Kader J C and Zachowski A. Lipid-transfer proteins from plants: structure and binding properties. Mol. Cell Biochem. 1999,192:157-161
Guiltinan M J, Marcotter W R and Quatrano R S. A plant leucine zipper protein that recognizes and abscisic acid response element. Science. 1990,250:267-271
Guo Y, Halfter U, Ishitani M and Zhu J K. Molecular characterization of functional domains in the protein kinase SOS2 that is requried for plant salt tolerance. Plant Cell. 2001,13:1383-1400
Gupta A S, Heinen J L, Holaday A S, Burke J J and Allen R D. Increased resistance to oxidative stress in transgenic plants that overexpress chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1993,90:1629-1633
Hoisington D, Jiang C, Khairallah M, Ribaut JM, Bohn M, Melchinger A, Willcox M and Gonzalez-de-Leon D. QTL for insect resistance and drought tolerance in tropical maize: prospects for marker assisted selection. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1996,50:39-44
Hwang I and Sheen J. Two-component circultry in Arabidopsis cytokinin signal transduction. Nature. 2001,413:383-389
Ingram J, Bartels D. The molecular basis of dehydration tolerance in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol and Plant Mol Biol. 1996,47:377-403
Iturriaga G, Schneider K, Salamini F and Bartels D. Expression of desiccation-related proteins from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum in transgenic tobacco. Plant Mol. Biol. 1992,20(3):555-558
Iwasaki T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. Identification of a cis-regulatory region of a gene in Arabidopsis thaliana whose induction by dehydration is mediated by abscisic acid and requires protein synthesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1995,247:391-398.
Jonak C, Ligterink W and Hirt H. MAP kinases in plant signal transduction. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 1999,55:204-213
Liu J, Ishitani M, Halfter U, Kim C S and Zhu J K. The Arabidopsis thaliana SOS2 gene encodes a protein kinase that is requires for salt tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000,97:3735-3740
Liu Q, Sakuma Y, Abe H, Kasuga M, Miur S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. Two transcription factors, DREB1 and DREB2, with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding domain separate two cellular signal transduction pathways in drought-and low-temperature-responsive gene expression, respectively in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 1998,10:1391-1406.
Kader J C, Lipid-transfer proteins in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1996,47:627-654
Kaiser W M. Effect of water deficit on plant photosynthetic capacity. Physiol. Plant 1987,71:142-149
Karakas B, Ozias-Akins P, Stushnoff C, Suefferheld M and Rieger M. Salinity and drought tolerance of mannitol-accumulating transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell Envir. 1997,20:609-616
Kasuga M, Liu Q, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. Improving plant drought, salt, and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor. Nat. Biotechnol. 1999,17(3):287-291
Kermode AR. Approaches to elucidate the basis of desiccation-tolerance in seeds. Seed Sci Res. 1997, 7:75-95
Kleines M, Elster R C, Rodrigo M J, Blervacq A-S, Salamini F and Bartels D. Isolation and expression analysis of two stress-responsive sucrose synthase genes from the Craterostigma plantagineum (Hochst.) Planta. 1999,209:13-24
Knight H, Trewavas A J and Knight M. Calcium signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana responding to drought and salinity. Plant Journal. 1997,12:1067-1078
Koizumi M, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Tsuji H and Shinozaki K. Structure and expression of two genes that encode distinct drought-inducible cysteine proteinases in Arabidopsis
thaliana. Gene. 1993,129(2):175-182
Kwok S and Higuchi R. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature. 1989,339:237
Marin E, Nussaume L, Quesada A, Gonneau M, Sotta B, Hugueney P, Frey A and Marion-Poll A. Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana. EMBO J. 1996,15(10):2331-2342
Marcotte W R, Bayley C C and Quatrano R S. Regulation of a wheat promoter by abscisic acid in rice protoplasts. Nature. 1988,335:454-457
Marcotter W R, Russell S H and Quatrano R S. Abscisic acid-response sequences from the Em gene of wheat. Plant Cell. 1989,1:969-976
Maurel C. and Chrispeels M.J. Aquaporins: a molecular entry into plant water relations. Plant Physiology. 2001,125:135-138
McKersie B D, Bowley S R and Jones K S. Winter survival of transgenic alfalfa overexpressing superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiol. 1999,119:839-847
Meissner R C, Jin H and Cominelli E. Function search in a large transcription factor gene family in Arabidopsis: assessing the potential of reverse genetics to identify insertional mutations in R2R3 MYB genes. Plant Cell. 1999,11:1827-1840
Miernyk J A. Protein folding in the plant cell. Plant Physiol. 1999,121(3):695-703
Mittler R and Zilinskas B A. Regulation of pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and other antioxidant enzymes during the progression of drought stress and following recovery from drought. Plant J. 1994,5:397-405
O’Rourke S M and Herskowitz I. The Hog1 MAPK prevents cross talk between the HOG and pheromone responsse MAPK pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genes Dev. 1998,12:2874-2886
Patharkar O R and Cushman J C. A stress-induces calcium-dependent protein kinase from Mesembryanthemum crystallium phosphorylates a two-component pseudo-response regulator. Plant J. 2000,24:679-691
Pilon-Smits E A H, Ebskamp M J M, Paul M J, Jeuken M J W, Weisbeek P J and Smeekens S C M. Improved performance of transgenic fructan-accumulating tobacco under drought stress. Plant Physiol. 1995,107:125-130
Pilon-Smits E A H, Terry N, Sears T, Kim H, Zayed A, Hwang S, Van Dun K, Voogd E, Verwoerd T C, Krutwagen R W H H and Goddijn O J M. Trehalose-producing transgenic tobacco plants show improved growth performance under drought stress. J. Plant Physiol. 1998,152:525-532
Romero C, Belles JM, Vaya J L, Serrano R and Culianez-Macia F A. Expression of the yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene in transgenic tobacco plants: pleiotropic phenotypes include drought tolerance. Planta. 1997,201:293-297
Roxas V P, Smith R K Jr, Allen E R and Allen R D. Overexpression of glutathione-S-transferase/glutathione peroxidase enhances the growth of transgenic tabacco seedlings during stress. Nature Biotechnol. 1997,15:988-991
Sakamoto A, Alia M and Murata N. Metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycine betaine and tolerance to salt and cold. Plant Mol. Biol. 1998,38:1011-1019
Saijo Y, Hata S, Kyozuka J, Shimamoto K and Izui K. Over-expression of a single Ca2+-dependent protein kinase confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice plants. Plant J. 2000,23(3):319-327
Schneider K, Wells B, Schmelzer E, Salamini F and Bartels D. Desiccation leads to the rapid accumulation of both cytosolic and chloroplastic proteins in the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst. Planta .1993,189:120-131
Schwacke R, Grallath S, Breitkreuz K E, Stransky E, Stransky H, Frommer W B and Rentsch D. LeProT1, a transporter for proline, glycine betaine and γ-amino butyric acid in tomato pollen. Plant Cell. 1999,11:377-391
Shen Q, Zhang P and Ho T H. Modular nature of abscisic acid (ABA) response induction of gene expression in barley. Plant Cell. 1996,8(7):1107-1119
Shinozaki K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Molecular responses to drought and cold stress. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1996,7:161-167
Shinozaki K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2000,3:217-223
Smirnoff N. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water-deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist 1993,125:27-58
Stockinger E J, Gilmour S J and Thomashow M F. Arabidopsis thaliana CBF1 encodes an AP2 domain-containing transcriptional activator that binds to the C-repeat/DRE, a cis-acting DNA regulatory element that stimulates transcription in response to low temperature and water deficit. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997,94:1035-1040
Tezara W, Mitchell V J, Driscoll S D and Lawlor D W. Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling facter and ATP. Nature 1999,401:914~917
Urao T, Katagiri T, Mizoguchi T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Hayashida N. and Shinozaki K. Two genes that encode Ca2+-dependent protein kinase are induced by drought and high salt stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular and General Genetics. 1994,244:331-340
Van Camp W, Wilekens H, Bowler C, Van Montagu M and Inzé D. Elevated levels of superoxide dismutase protect transgenic plants against ozone damage. Biotechnology 1994,68:1369-1374
Viestra R D. Proteolysis in plants: mechanisms and functions. Plant Mol. Bio. 1996,32(1-2):275-302
Vilardell J, Goday A, Freire M A, Torrent M, Martinez M C, Torne J M and Pages M. Gene sequences, developmental expression, and protein phosphorylation of RAB-17in maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 1990,14:423~432
Welin B V, Olson A and Palva E T. Structure and organization of two closely related low-temperature-induced dhn/lea/rab-like genes in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. Plant Mol. Biol. 1995,29(2):391-395
Wolfe J. Lateral stresses in membranes at low water potential. Aust. J. of Plant Physiol. 1987,14:311~318
Wurgler-Murphy S M and Saito S. Two-component signal transducers and MAPK cascades. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 1997,22:172-176
Xiong L M, Schumaker K S and Zhu J K. Cell signaling during cold, drought and salt stress. Plant Cell. 2002,S165-S183
Xu D, Duan X, Wang B, Hong B, Ho T-HD and Wu R. Expression of a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene, HVA1, from barley confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress in transgenic rice. Plant Physiol. 1996,110:249-257
Xu W, Subudhi P K, Crasta O R, Rosenow D T, Mullet J E and Nguyen H T. Molecular
mapping of QTLs conferring stay-green in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Genome 2000,43(3):461-469
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Koizumi M, Urao S and Shinozaki K. Molecular cloning and characterization of 9 cDNAs for genes that are responsive to desiccation in Arabidopsis thaliana: sequence analysis of one clone that encodes a putative transmembrane channel protein. Plant Cell Physiology 1992,33:217-224
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. The plant hormone abscisic acid mediates the drought-induced expression but not the seed-specific expression of rd22, a gene responsive to dehydration stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular and General Genetics. 1993,238:17-25
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. A novel cis-acting element in an Arabidopsis gene is involved in responsiveness to drought, low-temperature, or high-salt stress. Plant Cell. 1994,6:251-264.
Yoshiba Y, Kiyosue T, Nakashima K and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. and Shinozaki K. Regulation of levels of proline as an osmolyte in plants under water stress. Plant Cell Physiology. 1997,38:1095-1102
Zhang L, Ohta A, Takagi M, Imai R. Expression of plant group 2 and group 3 lea genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed functional divergence among LEA proteins. J. Biochem. 2000,127(4):611-616
Zhu J K, Liu J and Xiong L M. Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Evidence for a critical role of potassium nutrition. Plant Cell. 1998,10:1181-1191
王关林，方宏筠. 植物基因工程，科学出版社，北京，2002:795 - 796
韦三立. 观赏植物花期控制. 中国农业出版社, 北京, 1999
Godde D. Adaptations of the photosynthetic apparatus to stress conditions. In plant responses to environmental stresses (ed. H.R.Lerner) , Marcel Dekker, New York, 1999:449-474.
Hamish A. Collin and Sue Edwards. Plant Cell Culture, Biddles Ltd, Guildford, UK. 1998:139-145
Oliver M J and Wood A J. Desiccation tolerance of mosses, In Stress-Inducible Processes in higher Eukaryotic Cells(ed. T.Koval), Plenum Publising Corp, New York. 1997:1-26
萨姆布鲁克,DW拉塞尔.分子克隆实验指南.黄培堂等译.第三版.科学出版社,北京,2002:1217-1232
陈忠 花卉作物良种繁育在实际生产中的应用. 北方园艺, 2000,6:40-42
房用, 荀守华, 丛玉敏, 孔宪凤, 史少军, 褚秀梅 林木花卉的生物技术育种. 西南园艺, 1999,27(4):35-36
季孔庶 园林植物育种方法及其应用. 林业科技开发, 2004,18(1):70-73
李美茹, 陈金婷, 孙梓健, 陈贻竹, 李洪清 花卉分子育种的研究进展. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2003,11(1):87-92
李倩中, 李惠芬 我国花卉育种途径及进展. 安徽农业科学, 2002,30(5):797-798
刘青林 观赏植物花器官主要观赏性状的遗传与改良. 园艺学报, 1998,25(1):81-86
刘小莉, 刘飞虎 花卉育种技术研究进展(综述). 亚热带植物科学, 2003,32(2):64-68.
刘艳军, 张伟玉, 杨静慧, 郭秀民 转基因技术在园林植物育种工作中的应用. 天津农林科技, 2002,5:17-18
密士军 航天诱变育种研究的新进展. 黑龙江农业科学, 2002,(4): 31-33.
明军, 张启翔, 茹广欣, 晏晓兰, 毛庆山 园林及园艺植物品种鉴定的DNA分子标记技术. 世界林业研究, 2003,16(5):12-16
任祝三，张慧玲译 转基因技术在切花育种中的应用. 细胞生物学杂志, 2000, 22(2):67-71
宋希强, 王芳, 钟云芳, 张玄兵 试论花卉新品种的起源与形成途径. 云南林业科技, 2003,4:84-88
王兰明 花卉新品种的选育途径. 邯郸农业高等专科学校学报, 2000,17(3):46
王小德, 马进 园林地被植物研究进展和展望. 浙江林学院学报, 2003,20(4):419-423
王艳，任吉君 我国花卉育种现状与发展策略. 种子, 2002,5:37-39
王云翠，邓德祥，姚泉洪，蒋守华，张勇，王益军，范惠琴 农杆菌介导法转GM-CSF基因玉米研究初报. 分子植物育种，2003，1(5/6): 677-681
吴根娣 加强园林花卉育种工作是提高园林绿化水平当务之急. 江苏林业科技，1998，25:113-116
吴晓梅, 杨盛昌, 缪颖, 陈德海 花卉基因工程研究进展. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2003,32(3):325-330
杨静慧, 张伟玉, 郭秀民, 刘艳军 观赏植物的花色基因工程育种. 天津农林科技, 2002,5:14-16
于秋菊，吴锜，林忠平,李景富 植物水孔蛋白研究进展. 北京大学学报，2002,38(6):855- 866
张惠君, 罗凤霞 花卉常规杂交育种的研究进展. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2001,32(4):317- 320
赵恢武，胡鸢雷，林忠平 果聚糖合酶基因转化烟草种子干旱条件下萌发能力增强. 中国植物学会65周年纪念大会论文摘要, 1998:528
赵恢武，陈扬坚，刘晗，胡鸢雷，高音，林忠平 干旱诱导性启动子驱动的海藻糖磷酸合酶植物表达载体的构建及其对烟草耐旱性的影响. 植物学报，2000, 42(6):616-619
赵恢武，刘晗，于海源，胡鸢雷，高音，李振宇，林忠平 耐旱植物厚叶旋蒴苣苔BDN1脱水素基因的克隆及其表达特性分析. 科学通报，2000, 45(15):1648-1654
甄伟，陈溪，孙思洋，胡鸢雷，林忠平 冷诱导基因的转录因子CBF1转化油菜和烟草及抗寒性鉴定. 自然科学进展, 2000,10(12):64-68
郑琰燚 我国花卉产业中育种工作的现状与分析. 江苏林业科技,2002,49(1):40-42
郑志亮 花卉作物的花色基因工程. 福建农业科技, 1996,1:23-24
Abe H, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Urao T, Iwasaki T, Hosokawa D and Shinozaki K. Role of Arabidopsis MYC and MYB homologous in drought and abscisic acid-regulated gene expression. Plant Cell. 1997,9:1859-1868
Bartels D, Schneider K, Terstappen G, Piatkowski D and Salamini F. Molecular cloning of abscisic acid-modulated genes which are induced during desiccation of the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. Planta 1990,181:27-34
Bianchi G., Gamba A., Murelli C., Salamini F. and Bartels D. Novel carbohydrate metabolism in the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum. Plant J. 1991,1:355-359
Bowler C, Van Montague M, Inze D. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annu. Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 1992,43:83-116
Boyer J S. Plant productivity and environment. Science 1982, 218:443-448
Bray E A. Plant responses to water deficit. Trends plant Sci. 1997,2:48-54
Ceccardi T L, Meyer N C, Close T J. Purification of a maize dehydrin. Protein Expr. Purif. 1994,5(3):266-269
Chaumont F, Barrieu F, Herman E M and Chrispeels M J. Characterization of a maize tonoplast aquaporin expressed in zones of cell division and elongation. Plant Physiol. 1998,117(4):1143-1152
Choi H, Hong J, Ha J, Kang J And Kim S. ABFs: a family of ABA-responsive element binding factors. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000,275:1723-1730
Close T J. Dehydrins: A commonalty in the response of plants to dehydration and low temperature. Physiol plant. 1997, 100:291-296
Colmenero-Flores J M, Campos F, Garciarrubio A and Covarrubias A. Characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris cDNA clones responsive to water deficit: identification of a novel late
embryogenesis abundant-like protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 1997,35(4):393-405
Conley T R, Sharp R E and Walker J C. Water deficit stimulatesthe activity of protein kinase in the elongation zone of the maize primary root. Plant Physiology. 1997,113,219-226.
Crowe J H, Hoekstra F A, Nguyen K H, Crowe L M. Is vitrification involved in depression of the phase transition temperature in dry phospholipids? Biochim. Biophys Acta 1996,1280(2):1 87-96
Deak M, Horvath G V, Davletova S, Torok K, Sass L, Vass I, Barna B, Kiraly Z and Dudits D. Plants ectopically expressing the iron-binding protein ferritin, are tolerant to oxidative damages and pathogens. Nature Biotechnol. 1999,17:192-196
Dure III L, Crouch M, Harada J, Ho T-HD, Muncy J, Quatrano R S, Thomas T and Sung Z R. Common amino acid sequence domains among the LEA proteins of higher plant. Plant Mol. Biol. 1989,12:475-486
Espelund M, Saeboe-Larssen S, Hughes D W, Galau G A, Larsen F and Jakobsen K S. Late embryogenesis-abundant genes encoding proteins with different numbers of hydrophilic repeats are regulated differentially by abscisic acid and osmotic stress. Plant J. 1992,2(2):241-252
Flugge UI. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 1999, 50:27-45
Forster B P, Ellis R P, Thomas W T, Newton A C, Tuberosa R, This D, El-Enein R A, Bahri M H and Ben Salem M. The development and application of molecular markers for abiotic stress tolerance in barley. J. Exp. Bot. 2000,51(342):19-27
Foyer C H, Descourvieres P and Kunert K J. Protection against oxygen radicals: an important defence mechanism studied in transgenic plants. Plant, Cell and Environment. 1994, 17:507-523
Frank W, Philips J, Salamini F and Bartels D. Two dehydration inducible transcripts from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum encode interesting homeodomain-leucine zipper proteins. Plant Journal. 1998,15:413-421
Goddijin O J M, Verwoerd T C, Voogd E and Pen J. Inhibition of trehalase activity enhances trehalose accumulation in transgenic olants. Plant Physiol. 1997,113:181-190
Goddijin O J M, Smeekens S. Sensing trehalose biosynthesis in plant. Plant J. 1998,14:143-146
Gomez J, Sanchez-Martinez D, Stiefel V, Rigau J, Puigdomenech P and Pages M. A gene induced the plant hormone abscisic acid in response to water stress encodes a glycine-rich protein. Nature 1988,334:262-264
Gosti F, Bertauche N, Vartanian N and Giraudat J. Abscisic acid-dependent and independent regulation of gene expression by progressive drought in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1995,246(1):10-18
Guerbette F, Grosbois M, Jolliot-Croquin A, Kader J C and Zachowski A. Lipid-transfer proteins from plants: structure and binding properties. Mol. Cell Biochem. 1999,192:157-161
Guiltinan M J, Marcotter W R and Quatrano R S. A plant leucine zipper protein that recognizes and abscisic acid response element. Science. 1990,250:267-271
Guo Y, Halfter U, Ishitani M and Zhu J K. Molecular characterization of functional domains in the protein kinase SOS2 that is requried for plant salt tolerance. Plant Cell. 2001,13:1383-1400
Gupta A S, Heinen J L, Holaday A S, Burke J J and Allen R D. Increased resistance to oxidative stress in transgenic plants that overexpress chloroplastic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 1993,90:1629-1633
Hoisington D, Jiang C, Khairallah M, Ribaut JM, Bohn M, Melchinger A, Willcox M and Gonzalez-de-Leon D. QTL for insect resistance and drought tolerance in tropical maize: prospects for marker assisted selection. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 1996,50:39-44
Hwang I and Sheen J. Two-component circultry in Arabidopsis cytokinin signal transduction. Nature. 2001,413:383-389
Ingram J, Bartels D. The molecular basis of dehydration tolerance in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol and Plant Mol Biol. 1996,47:377-403
Iturriaga G, Schneider K, Salamini F and Bartels D. Expression of desiccation-related proteins from the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum in transgenic tobacco. Plant Mol. Biol. 1992,20(3):555-558
Iwasaki T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. Identification of a cis-regulatory region of a gene in Arabidopsis thaliana whose induction by dehydration is mediated by abscisic acid and requires protein synthesis. Mol. Gen. Genet. 1995,247:391-398.
Jonak C, Ligterink W and Hirt H. MAP kinases in plant signal transduction. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 1999,55:204-213
Liu J, Ishitani M, Halfter U, Kim C S and Zhu J K. The Arabidopsis thaliana SOS2 gene encodes a protein kinase that is requires for salt tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2000,97:3735-3740
Liu Q, Sakuma Y, Abe H, Kasuga M, Miur S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. Two transcription factors, DREB1 and DREB2, with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding domain separate two cellular signal transduction pathways in drought-and low-temperature-responsive gene expression, respectively in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 1998,10:1391-1406.
Kader J C, Lipid-transfer proteins in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1996,47:627-654
Kaiser W M. Effect of water deficit on plant photosynthetic capacity. Physiol. Plant 1987,71:142-149
Karakas B, Ozias-Akins P, Stushnoff C, Suefferheld M and Rieger M. Salinity and drought tolerance of mannitol-accumulating transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell Envir. 1997,20:609-616
Kasuga M, Liu Q, Miura S, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. Improving plant drought, salt, and freezing tolerance by gene transfer of a single stress-inducible transcription factor. Nat. Biotechnol. 1999,17(3):287-291
Kermode AR. Approaches to elucidate the basis of desiccation-tolerance in seeds. Seed Sci Res. 1997, 7:75-95
Kleines M, Elster R C, Rodrigo M J, Blervacq A-S, Salamini F and Bartels D. Isolation and expression analysis of two stress-responsive sucrose synthase genes from the Craterostigma plantagineum (Hochst.) Planta. 1999,209:13-24
Knight H, Trewavas A J and Knight M. Calcium signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana responding to drought and salinity. Plant Journal. 1997,12:1067-1078
Koizumi M, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Tsuji H and Shinozaki K. Structure and expression of two genes that encode distinct drought-inducible cysteine proteinases in Arabidopsis
thaliana. Gene. 1993,129(2):175-182
Kwok S and Higuchi R. Avoiding false positives with PCR. Nature. 1989,339:237
Marin E, Nussaume L, Quesada A, Gonneau M, Sotta B, Hugueney P, Frey A and Marion-Poll A. Molecular identification of zeaxanthin epoxidase of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, a gene involved in abscisic acid biosynthesis and corresponding to the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana. EMBO J. 1996,15(10):2331-2342
Marcotte W R, Bayley C C and Quatrano R S. Regulation of a wheat promoter by abscisic acid in rice protoplasts. Nature. 1988,335:454-457
Marcotter W R, Russell S H and Quatrano R S. Abscisic acid-response sequences from the Em gene of wheat. Plant Cell. 1989,1:969-976
Maurel C. and Chrispeels M.J. Aquaporins: a molecular entry into plant water relations. Plant Physiology. 2001,125:135-138
McKersie B D, Bowley S R and Jones K S. Winter survival of transgenic alfalfa overexpressing superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiol. 1999,119:839-847
Meissner R C, Jin H and Cominelli E. Function search in a large transcription factor gene family in Arabidopsis: assessing the potential of reverse genetics to identify insertional mutations in R2R3 MYB genes. Plant Cell. 1999,11:1827-1840
Miernyk J A. Protein folding in the plant cell. Plant Physiol. 1999,121(3):695-703
Mittler R and Zilinskas B A. Regulation of pea cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and other antioxidant enzymes during the progression of drought stress and following recovery from drought. Plant J. 1994,5:397-405
O’Rourke S M and Herskowitz I. The Hog1 MAPK prevents cross talk between the HOG and pheromone responsse MAPK pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Genes Dev. 1998,12:2874-2886
Patharkar O R and Cushman J C. A stress-induces calcium-dependent protein kinase from Mesembryanthemum crystallium phosphorylates a two-component pseudo-response regulator. Plant J. 2000,24:679-691
Pilon-Smits E A H, Ebskamp M J M, Paul M J, Jeuken M J W, Weisbeek P J and Smeekens S C M. Improved performance of transgenic fructan-accumulating tobacco under drought stress. Plant Physiol. 1995,107:125-130
Pilon-Smits E A H, Terry N, Sears T, Kim H, Zayed A, Hwang S, Van Dun K, Voogd E, Verwoerd T C, Krutwagen R W H H and Goddijn O J M. Trehalose-producing transgenic tobacco plants show improved growth performance under drought stress. J. Plant Physiol. 1998,152:525-532
Romero C, Belles JM, Vaya J L, Serrano R and Culianez-Macia F A. Expression of the yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene in transgenic tobacco plants: pleiotropic phenotypes include drought tolerance. Planta. 1997,201:293-297
Roxas V P, Smith R K Jr, Allen E R and Allen R D. Overexpression of glutathione-S-transferase/glutathione peroxidase enhances the growth of transgenic tabacco seedlings during stress. Nature Biotechnol. 1997,15:988-991
Sakamoto A, Alia M and Murata N. Metabolic engineering of rice leading to biosynthesis of glycine betaine and tolerance to salt and cold. Plant Mol. Biol. 1998,38:1011-1019
Saijo Y, Hata S, Kyozuka J, Shimamoto K and Izui K. Over-expression of a single Ca2+-dependent protein kinase confers both cold and salt/drought tolerance on rice plants. Plant J. 2000,23(3):319-327
Schneider K, Wells B, Schmelzer E, Salamini F and Bartels D. Desiccation leads to the rapid accumulation of both cytosolic and chloroplastic proteins in the resurrection plant Craterostigma plantagineum Hochst. Planta .1993,189:120-131
Schwacke R, Grallath S, Breitkreuz K E, Stransky E, Stransky H, Frommer W B and Rentsch D. LeProT1, a transporter for proline, glycine betaine and γ-amino butyric acid in tomato pollen. Plant Cell. 1999,11:377-391
Shen Q, Zhang P and Ho T H. Modular nature of abscisic acid (ABA) response induction of gene expression in barley. Plant Cell. 1996,8(7):1107-1119
Shinozaki K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Molecular responses to drought and cold stress. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1996,7:161-167
Shinozaki K. and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Molecular responses to dehydration and low temperature: differences and cross-talk between two stress signaling pathways. Current Opinion in Plant Biology. 2000,3:217-223
Smirnoff N. The role of active oxygen in the response of plants to water-deficit and desiccation. New Phytologist 1993,125:27-58
Stockinger E J, Gilmour S J and Thomashow M F. Arabidopsis thaliana CBF1 encodes an AP2 domain-containing transcriptional activator that binds to the C-repeat/DRE, a cis-acting DNA regulatory element that stimulates transcription in response to low temperature and water deficit. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1997,94:1035-1040
Tezara W, Mitchell V J, Driscoll S D and Lawlor D W. Water stress inhibits plant photosynthesis by decreasing coupling facter and ATP. Nature 1999,401:914~917
Urao T, Katagiri T, Mizoguchi T, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Hayashida N. and Shinozaki K. Two genes that encode Ca2+-dependent protein kinase are induced by drought and high salt stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular and General Genetics. 1994,244:331-340
Van Camp W, Wilekens H, Bowler C, Van Montagu M and Inzé D. Elevated levels of superoxide dismutase protect transgenic plants against ozone damage. Biotechnology 1994,68:1369-1374
Viestra R D. Proteolysis in plants: mechanisms and functions. Plant Mol. Bio. 1996,32(1-2):275-302
Vilardell J, Goday A, Freire M A, Torrent M, Martinez M C, Torne J M and Pages M. Gene sequences, developmental expression, and protein phosphorylation of RAB-17in maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 1990,14:423~432
Welin B V, Olson A and Palva E T. Structure and organization of two closely related low-temperature-induced dhn/lea/rab-like genes in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heynh. Plant Mol. Biol. 1995,29(2):391-395
Wolfe J. Lateral stresses in membranes at low water potential. Aust. J. of Plant Physiol. 1987,14:311~318
Wurgler-Murphy S M and Saito S. Two-component signal transducers and MAPK cascades. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 1997,22:172-176
Xiong L M, Schumaker K S and Zhu J K. Cell signaling during cold, drought and salt stress. Plant Cell. 2002,S165-S183
Xu D, Duan X, Wang B, Hong B, Ho T-HD and Wu R. Expression of a late embryogenesis abundant protein gene, HVA1, from barley confers tolerance to water deficit and salt stress in transgenic rice. Plant Physiol. 1996,110:249-257
Xu W, Subudhi P K, Crasta O R, Rosenow D T, Mullet J E and Nguyen H T. Molecular
mapping of QTLs conferring stay-green in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Genome 2000,43(3):461-469
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Koizumi M, Urao S and Shinozaki K. Molecular cloning and characterization of 9 cDNAs for genes that are responsive to desiccation in Arabidopsis thaliana: sequence analysis of one clone that encodes a putative transmembrane channel protein. Plant Cell Physiology 1992,33:217-224
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. The plant hormone abscisic acid mediates the drought-induced expression but not the seed-specific expression of rd22, a gene responsive to dehydration stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular and General Genetics. 1993,238:17-25
Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K and Shinozaki K. A novel cis-acting element in an Arabidopsis gene is involved in responsiveness to drought, low-temperature, or high-salt stress. Plant Cell. 1994,6:251-264.
Yoshiba Y, Kiyosue T, Nakashima K and Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. and Shinozaki K. Regulation of levels of proline as an osmolyte in plants under water stress. Plant Cell Physiology. 1997,38:1095-1102
Zhang L, Ohta A, Takagi M, Imai R. Expression of plant group 2 and group 3 lea genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed functional divergence among LEA proteins. J. Biochem. 2000,127(4):611-616
Zhu J K, Liu J and Xiong L M. Genetic analysis of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Evidence for a critical role of potassium nutrition. Plant Cell. 1998,10:1181-1191