基于超级电容的城轨车辆再生能量存储利用系统研究
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摘要
在城市轨道交通系统中,当城轨列车处于再生制动工况时,能量从列车回馈至直流供电网,这将会引起供电网电压的上升,危害电网上其他用电设备的安全。为了避免这一现象,目前主要采用吸收电阻将列车制动能量以热量的方式消耗掉,造成隧道温度上升和能量浪费。如何将城轨列车再生制动能量回收利用成为业内关注的热点之一
本文以超级电容储能的方式进行能量回收。首先进行计算城轨车辆再生制动能量。并以此为根据,计算多辆车的再生制动能量。利用列车运行时的电流及运行距离的实测数据搭建多辆地铁列车运行的制动仿真,并研究在不同发车间隔下车辆制动对供电母线电压波动的影响,以确定多车运行时储能容量的选择。
其次介绍了超级电容工作原理及其优缺点。并根据城轨列车再生制动能量和功率大小选择超级电容器。确定超级电容的配置方案,对超级电容进行串并联组合。
再次,为了实现再生制动能量在城轨列车与超级电容器之间的双向流动,本文引入了半桥型Buck/Boost双向DC/DC变换器,建立了双向DC/DC变换器Buck和Boost工作方式下统一的数学模型,并研究其的控制策略；以及储能模块内超级电容分层式飞渡电容均压控制策略和储能模块间偏置电流均压控制策略。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK建立储能模块间偏置电流法均压控制的仿真模型,并进行仿真分析。
最后,文章搭建200W储能模块样机,并通过实验验证储能模块内均压控制策略的可行性,以及主电路控制策略的可行性。储能系统采用模块化的设计能方便的通过改变串联的储能模块数量以适应不通电压等级城市轨道交通供电系统。
In urban rail transit, when train is in regenerative braking condition, the regenerative energy feedback to DC power supply network from the train, which will cause the supply network voltage rise, endangering the safety of the electrical equipment on the power network. To avoid this phenomenon, the current way is to consume the braking energy in the form of heat by absorption resistance; this caused tunnels temperature rise and energy waste. How to use regenerative braking energy circularly will be the focus.
In this paper, the supercapacitor energy storage was used to design the energy recovery system. First, calculation the regenerative braking energy of urban rail transit vehicle. And, accordingly, calculation regenerative braking energy of multi-vehicle, baste on measured data of current and distance, build brake simulation of more cars subway train running, and to study the braking a vehicle under the influence of different grid spacing on the power supply bus voltage fluctuations, to determine the choice of the energy storage capacity of the multi-vehicle run-time.
Secondly, introduce the working principle and the. advantages and disadvantages of the supercapacitor, according to the regenerative braking energy and power of the Trains, to select the supercapacitor. Determine the series and parallel combination program of the super capacitor
Again, in order to achieve the two-way flow of regenerative braking energy between urban rail trains and supercapacitor, introduced a half-bridge type of the Buck/Boost Bi-directional DC/DC converter, and establishment the unified mathematical model of the bi-directional DC/DC converter, and its control strategy; layered fit capacitor voltage balance control strategies in energy storage module, And bias current balance control strategy between energy storage modules.
Finally, the article builds a200W energy storage module prototype, and verified the feasibility by experiment of the strategy of balance control in the energy storage module, and the main circuit control strategy. The storage system uses a modular design can adapt to different voltage levels of urban rail transit power supply system by changing the number of storage modules.
本文以超级电容储能的方式进行能量回收。首先进行计算城轨车辆再生制动能量。并以此为根据,计算多辆车的再生制动能量。利用列车运行时的电流及运行距离的实测数据搭建多辆地铁列车运行的制动仿真,并研究在不同发车间隔下车辆制动对供电母线电压波动的影响,以确定多车运行时储能容量的选择。
其次介绍了超级电容工作原理及其优缺点。并根据城轨列车再生制动能量和功率大小选择超级电容器。确定超级电容的配置方案,对超级电容进行串并联组合。
再次,为了实现再生制动能量在城轨列车与超级电容器之间的双向流动,本文引入了半桥型Buck/Boost双向DC/DC变换器,建立了双向DC/DC变换器Buck和Boost工作方式下统一的数学模型,并研究其的控制策略；以及储能模块内超级电容分层式飞渡电容均压控制策略和储能模块间偏置电流均压控制策略。利用MATLAB/SIMULINK建立储能模块间偏置电流法均压控制的仿真模型,并进行仿真分析。
最后,文章搭建200W储能模块样机,并通过实验验证储能模块内均压控制策略的可行性,以及主电路控制策略的可行性。储能系统采用模块化的设计能方便的通过改变串联的储能模块数量以适应不通电压等级城市轨道交通供电系统。
In urban rail transit, when train is in regenerative braking condition, the regenerative energy feedback to DC power supply network from the train, which will cause the supply network voltage rise, endangering the safety of the electrical equipment on the power network. To avoid this phenomenon, the current way is to consume the braking energy in the form of heat by absorption resistance; this caused tunnels temperature rise and energy waste. How to use regenerative braking energy circularly will be the focus.
In this paper, the supercapacitor energy storage was used to design the energy recovery system. First, calculation the regenerative braking energy of urban rail transit vehicle. And, accordingly, calculation regenerative braking energy of multi-vehicle, baste on measured data of current and distance, build brake simulation of more cars subway train running, and to study the braking a vehicle under the influence of different grid spacing on the power supply bus voltage fluctuations, to determine the choice of the energy storage capacity of the multi-vehicle run-time.
Secondly, introduce the working principle and the. advantages and disadvantages of the supercapacitor, according to the regenerative braking energy and power of the Trains, to select the supercapacitor. Determine the series and parallel combination program of the super capacitor
Again, in order to achieve the two-way flow of regenerative braking energy between urban rail trains and supercapacitor, introduced a half-bridge type of the Buck/Boost Bi-directional DC/DC converter, and establishment the unified mathematical model of the bi-directional DC/DC converter, and its control strategy; layered fit capacitor voltage balance control strategies in energy storage module, And bias current balance control strategy between energy storage modules.
Finally, the article builds a200W energy storage module prototype, and verified the feasibility by experiment of the strategy of balance control in the energy storage module, and the main circuit control strategy. The storage system uses a modular design can adapt to different voltage levels of urban rail transit power supply system by changing the number of storage modules.
引文
[1]孙章,蒲琪.城市轨道交通概论[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2010.1
[2]李惠杰,加快城市轨道交通建设适应城市的可持续发展[J],城市,2000
[3]吴小萍,可持续发展战略指导下的轨道交通规划与评价方法研究[D],中南大学,2003
[4]曾建军,地铁制动能量分析及再生技术研究[J],电气化铁道,2006年6期
[5]冯晶晶,基于超级电容的再生制动能量吸收利用技术研究[D],南京航空航天大学,2010
[6]于松伟,杨兴山等.城市轨道交通供电系统设计原理与应用[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2008.
[7]池耀田,城轨交通系统的储能器[J],电气牵引2004年2期
[8]赵红军,浅析我国城市轨道交通现状及发展趋势[J],内江科技2011年32卷8期
[9]华黎,上海奥威科技为绿色公交创新研发作贡献[J],交通与运输,2006年5期
[10]杨俭,城市轨道交通车辆制动能量回收技术现状及研究进展[J],铁道学报,2011年33卷2期
[11]Masao Yano, Masahira Kurihara, Satoru Kuramochi, A New On-board Energy Storage System for the Railway Rolling Stock Utilizing the Overvoltage Durability of Traction Motors, IEEJ, TER-02-33,2002, pp.27-30
[12]Ibrahim, H.; Ilinca, A.; Perron, J.:"Energy Storage systems - Characteristics and comparisons," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2007), Elsevier.
[13]许爱国.城市轨道交通再生制动能量利用技术研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2009
[14]Yano M, Mizumura T and Kuramochi A:A New Energy Storage System for Railway Rolling Stock Using Transformers Connected in Series to Motor Windings," Proceedings of The IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, pp.112-117, (2007.5)
[15]N. Nagaoka, M. Sadakiyo, N. Mori, A. Ametani, S. Umeda and J. Ishii, "Effective control method of power compensator with Lithium-Ion battery for d.c. railway system" Proc. University Power Engineering Conference CD, Session FAT 14c, Newcastle upon Tyne, September 2006.
[16]S. Umeda, J. Ishii, and H. Kai, "Development of Hybrid Power Supply System for DC Electric Railways", JIASC04, 3-84, 2004
[17]陈朗,超级电容在城市轨道交通系统中的应用[J],都市快轨交通,,2008年3期
[18]王于,双电层电容器及其应用[J],国外电子元器件,2001年6期
[19]石新春,一种基于超级电容器储能的光伏控制器的实现[J],现代电子技术,2008年21 期
[20]黄欣,基于EMTDC的超级电容器建模研究[J],湖北工业大学学报,2010年1期
[21]张慧妍,超级电容器直流储能系统分析与控制技术的研究[D],中国科学院电工研究所,2006
[22]张娜,电化学超级电容器的研究进展[J],应用科技,2003年9期
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[25]Jong-YoonKim, Su-Jin Jang, Byoung-KukLee, Chung-Yuen Won and Chang-Mu Lee, A Calculation of Predicting the Expected Life of Super-capacitor Following Current Pattern of Railway Vehicles. The 7th International ConferenceonPower Electronics October22-26,2007/Exeo,
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[27]刘小宝,超级电容器应用及其能量管理技术[D],南京航空航天大学,2009
[28]李海东,超级电容器模块化技术的研究[D],中国科学院电工研究所,2006
[29]Lhomme, W.; Delarue, P.; Barrade, P.; Bouscayrol, A.; Rufer, A.:"Design and Control of a supercapacitor storage system for traction applications", Industry Applications Conference, 2005. Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005, Volume 3,2-6 Oct. 2005, pp.2013-2020.
[30]张慧妍,韦统振,齐智平.超级电容器储能装置研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(8)：92-96.
[31]Rufer, A.; Hotellier, D.; Barrade, P.:"A Supercapacitor-Based Energy Storage Substation for Voltage Compensation in Weak Transportation Networks," IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol.19, No.2, pp.629-636, April 2004.
[32]Suzuki, S.; Baba, J.; Shutoh, K.; Masada, E.:"Effective Application of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to Load Leveling for High Speed Transportation System," IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 713-716, June 2004.
[33]高金萍,大功率双向DCDC变换器的研究[D],华中科技大学,2009
[34]贺益康,潘再平.电力电子技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[35]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学直流-直流变换部分[M].北京：科学出版社,1998.
[36]林飞,杜欣.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2009.1
[37]M. Marchesoni, C. Vacca, A New DC-DC Converter Structure for Power Flow Management in Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles with Energy Storage Systems.2004 35rh Annul IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference Aacken, Germany, 2004
[38]Bock, S.A.; Pinheiro, J.R.; Grundling, H.; Hey, H.L.; Pinheiro, H.: "Existence and stability of sliding modes in bi-directional DC-DC converters", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2001. PESC.2001 IEEE 32nd Annual, Volume 3,17-21 June 2001 pp.1277-1282.
[39]Kong Zhiguo, Zhu Chunbo, Yang Shiyan, Cheng Shukang, Study of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Power Management in Electric Bus with Supercapacitors, 1-4244-0159-3/06/(?)2006IEEE
[40]马奎安,超级电容器储能系统中双向DC_DC变流器设计[D],浙江大学,2010
[41]Mario Marchesoni. New DC-DC Converter for Energy Storage System Interfacing in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,0885-8993/(?)2007 IEEE
[42]Taku Niwa Naoto Nagaoka Nobutaka Mori, A Control Method of Charging and Discharging Lithium-Ion Battery to Prolong Its Lifetime in Power Compensator for DC Railway System, Proc. ICEE2007-CD, No.ICEE-441, July 2007.
[43]K. Kawahara, A. Okui, M. Ando, and S. Hase, "Study on Line Impedance of DC Feeding Circuit," Proc. J-RAIL2001, pp.699-702, Dec. 2001.
[44]谢克明,王柏林,李友善.自动控制原理[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[45]Juan W. Dixon, Micah E.Ortlizar, Ultracapacitors DC-DC Converters in Regenerative Braking System. IEEE AESS System Maguzinr. August 2002
[46]A.Lidozzi,L.Solero, Power Balance Control of Multiple-Input DC-DC Power Converter for Hybrid Vehicles,0-7803-8305-2/04/@2004IEEE
[47]L. Battistelli, F. Ciccarelli, D. Lauria, D. Proto, Optimal Design of DC Electrified Railway Stationary Storage System,978-1-4244-2544-0/08/(?)2009 IEEE
[48]B. Destraz, P. Barrade, A. Rufer, M. Klohr, Study and Simulation of the Energy Balance of an Urban Transportation Network, IEEE-PESC 04:Power Electronics Specialist Conference, 20-25 June, Aachen, Germany
[49]韩晓男,超级电容串联均压研究[J],东北电力大学学报,2010年4期
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[55]STC12C5A60S2手册
[2]李惠杰,加快城市轨道交通建设适应城市的可持续发展[J],城市,2000
[3]吴小萍,可持续发展战略指导下的轨道交通规划与评价方法研究[D],中南大学,2003
[4]曾建军,地铁制动能量分析及再生技术研究[J],电气化铁道,2006年6期
[5]冯晶晶,基于超级电容的再生制动能量吸收利用技术研究[D],南京航空航天大学,2010
[6]于松伟,杨兴山等.城市轨道交通供电系统设计原理与应用[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2008.
[7]池耀田,城轨交通系统的储能器[J],电气牵引2004年2期
[8]赵红军,浅析我国城市轨道交通现状及发展趋势[J],内江科技2011年32卷8期
[9]华黎,上海奥威科技为绿色公交创新研发作贡献[J],交通与运输,2006年5期
[10]杨俭,城市轨道交通车辆制动能量回收技术现状及研究进展[J],铁道学报,2011年33卷2期
[11]Masao Yano, Masahira Kurihara, Satoru Kuramochi, A New On-board Energy Storage System for the Railway Rolling Stock Utilizing the Overvoltage Durability of Traction Motors, IEEJ, TER-02-33,2002, pp.27-30
[12]Ibrahim, H.; Ilinca, A.; Perron, J.:"Energy Storage systems - Characteristics and comparisons," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2007), Elsevier.
[13]许爱国.城市轨道交通再生制动能量利用技术研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2009
[14]Yano M, Mizumura T and Kuramochi A:A New Energy Storage System for Railway Rolling Stock Using Transformers Connected in Series to Motor Windings," Proceedings of The IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, pp.112-117, (2007.5)
[15]N. Nagaoka, M. Sadakiyo, N. Mori, A. Ametani, S. Umeda and J. Ishii, "Effective control method of power compensator with Lithium-Ion battery for d.c. railway system" Proc. University Power Engineering Conference CD, Session FAT 14c, Newcastle upon Tyne, September 2006.
[16]S. Umeda, J. Ishii, and H. Kai, "Development of Hybrid Power Supply System for DC Electric Railways", JIASC04, 3-84, 2004
[17]陈朗,超级电容在城市轨道交通系统中的应用[J],都市快轨交通,,2008年3期
[18]王于,双电层电容器及其应用[J],国外电子元器件,2001年6期
[19]石新春,一种基于超级电容器储能的光伏控制器的实现[J],现代电子技术,2008年21 期
[20]黄欣,基于EMTDC的超级电容器建模研究[J],湖北工业大学学报,2010年1期
[21]张慧妍,超级电容器直流储能系统分析与控制技术的研究[D],中国科学院电工研究所,2006
[22]张娜,电化学超级电容器的研究进展[J],应用科技,2003年9期
[23]HCC超级电容规格书
[24]曾建军,超级电容储能装置的应用研究[J],华东交通大学学报,2009年5期
[25]Jong-YoonKim, Su-Jin Jang, Byoung-KukLee, Chung-Yuen Won and Chang-Mu Lee, A Calculation of Predicting the Expected Life of Super-capacitor Following Current Pattern of Railway Vehicles. The 7th International ConferenceonPower Electronics October22-26,2007/Exeo,
[26]刘宝林,地铁列车能耗分析[J],电力机车与城轨车辆2007年4期
[27]刘小宝,超级电容器应用及其能量管理技术[D],南京航空航天大学,2009
[28]李海东,超级电容器模块化技术的研究[D],中国科学院电工研究所,2006
[29]Lhomme, W.; Delarue, P.; Barrade, P.; Bouscayrol, A.; Rufer, A.:"Design and Control of a supercapacitor storage system for traction applications", Industry Applications Conference, 2005. Fourtieth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2005, Volume 3,2-6 Oct. 2005, pp.2013-2020.
[30]张慧妍,韦统振,齐智平.超级电容器储能装置研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(8)：92-96.
[31]Rufer, A.; Hotellier, D.; Barrade, P.:"A Supercapacitor-Based Energy Storage Substation for Voltage Compensation in Weak Transportation Networks," IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol.19, No.2, pp.629-636, April 2004.
[32]Suzuki, S.; Baba, J.; Shutoh, K.; Masada, E.:"Effective Application of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to Load Leveling for High Speed Transportation System," IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 713-716, June 2004.
[33]高金萍,大功率双向DCDC变换器的研究[D],华中科技大学,2009
[34]贺益康,潘再平.电力电子技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2003.
[35]蔡宣三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学直流-直流变换部分[M].北京：科学出版社,1998.
[36]林飞,杜欣.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2009.1
[37]M. Marchesoni, C. Vacca, A New DC-DC Converter Structure for Power Flow Management in Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles with Energy Storage Systems.2004 35rh Annul IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference Aacken, Germany, 2004
[38]Bock, S.A.; Pinheiro, J.R.; Grundling, H.; Hey, H.L.; Pinheiro, H.: "Existence and stability of sliding modes in bi-directional DC-DC converters", Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2001. PESC.2001 IEEE 32nd Annual, Volume 3,17-21 June 2001 pp.1277-1282.
[39]Kong Zhiguo, Zhu Chunbo, Yang Shiyan, Cheng Shukang, Study of Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Power Management in Electric Bus with Supercapacitors, 1-4244-0159-3/06/(?)2006IEEE
[40]马奎安,超级电容器储能系统中双向DC_DC变流器设计[D],浙江大学,2010
[41]Mario Marchesoni. New DC-DC Converter for Energy Storage System Interfacing in Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,0885-8993/(?)2007 IEEE
[42]Taku Niwa Naoto Nagaoka Nobutaka Mori, A Control Method of Charging and Discharging Lithium-Ion Battery to Prolong Its Lifetime in Power Compensator for DC Railway System, Proc. ICEE2007-CD, No.ICEE-441, July 2007.
[43]K. Kawahara, A. Okui, M. Ando, and S. Hase, "Study on Line Impedance of DC Feeding Circuit," Proc. J-RAIL2001, pp.699-702, Dec. 2001.
[44]谢克明,王柏林,李友善.自动控制原理[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
[45]Juan W. Dixon, Micah E.Ortlizar, Ultracapacitors DC-DC Converters in Regenerative Braking System. IEEE AESS System Maguzinr. August 2002
[46]A.Lidozzi,L.Solero, Power Balance Control of Multiple-Input DC-DC Power Converter for Hybrid Vehicles,0-7803-8305-2/04/@2004IEEE
[47]L. Battistelli, F. Ciccarelli, D. Lauria, D. Proto, Optimal Design of DC Electrified Railway Stationary Storage System,978-1-4244-2544-0/08/(?)2009 IEEE
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