产学研联盟的知识转移机制及治理模式研究
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摘要
知识是提高企业竞争优势和增强企业创新能力的核心。在知识经济时代,依托高校或科研院所获取知识资源、拓展竞争范围,成为企业实现科技成果市场化最为理想的手段。在国家宏观政策的指导下,产学研合作规模不断扩大,展现出良好的发展态势,不仅推动了新兴产业形成,提高了产业部门效率,也推动了中小企业转型升级,创造了巨大的经济效益。虽然产学研联盟已经成为最广泛的合作战略之一,但产学研联盟的知识转移仍存在诸多问题,企业获取知识过程中仍面临诸多困难。因此,对产学研联盟的知识转移问题进行研究,认识并消除影响产学研联盟知识转移的阻碍因素具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
目前,理论界对联盟知识转移的研究多从宏观和微观角度或内部和外部角度针对一般意义上的企业集群、战略联盟和技术联盟的知识转移过程展开,对于产学研联盟这种特殊合作方式的研究鲜有。本文以产学研联盟的共生特征和运行模式为切入点,从共生理论视角讨论了以共生为目的的产学研联盟知识转移过程,提出了互利共生关系下和偏利共生关系下联盟知识转移的过程、障碍因素、治理模式的产学研联盟知识转移的研究框架。
首先,分析了以共生理论为研究视角的产学研联盟的知识转移过程,探讨了产学研联盟共生特征、单元、模式和环境,以及知识转移过程与共生模式的关系,认为知识转移分为知识创造、知识共享和知识吸收三个阶段。其次互利共生关系下影响产学研联盟知识转移的障碍因素包括学研方创造能力、共享能力和产方吸收能力等,并建立互利共生关系的知识转移Logistic模型,发现知识共享率和知识吸收率越高,企业成果转化越多。在偏利共生关系的产学研联盟中,分别建立以产方和以学研方为主导的博弈模型,讨论了不同主导方对联盟知识转移的影响。最后,根据分析提出相应有利于知识转移的互利共生的关系契约和偏利共生的正式契约治理模式。
在实证研究中,以沈鼓—大工产学研联盟和微软—中国高校产学研联盟作为典型案例,验证互利共生和偏利共生两种类型联盟共生关系下的知识转移的过程、影响因素、治理模式。对两种联盟在组建、知识转移及治理过程中遇到的实际问题和解决方法进行了探讨,以验证理论研究所得结论的正确性与合理性。
Knowledge is the core to improve enterprise competition advantage and enhance enterprise innovation ability. In the era of knowledge economy, relying on the university or research institutes to obtain knowledge resources and expanding scope of competition has become most ideal method for the enterprise realizing marketization of scientific and technological achievements. Under the guidance of the national macro policy, the scale of the Industry-University-Research cooperation expands unceasingly, and it shows good development momentum, not only promotes the emerging industry formation, improves the efficiency of industry department, but also promotes the transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises, and it has created huge economic benefits. Although the combination of the alliance has become the most extensive cooperation of strategy, there are still many problems in the knowledge transfer of the Industry-University-Research alliance and in the process of knowledge obtaining enterprises still face many difficulties. Therefore, research on the problem in the knowledge transfer of the Industry-University-Research alliance, and recognize and elimination of the obstructive factors to the knowledge transfer in the Industry-University-Research alliance have important theory value and realistic significance.
At present, the research perspective of theoretical circles on the alliance knowledge transfer is from the macroscopic and microcosmic angle or internal and external angle of the general sense of enterprise cluster, strategic alliance and technology alliance, but the study of Industry-University-Research alliance is few. Based on the Industry-University-Research alliance symbiotic characteristics and operation mode as the breakthrough point, we discusse alliance knowledge transfer process for the purpose of combination with symbiosis from the theoretical perspective symbiosis, and put forward alliance knowledge transfer research framework with the relation of mutual benefit and symbiotic a governance modes.
First of all, this paper analyzes Industry-University-Research alliance knowledge transfer process from the symbiosis theory, and discusses the alliance symbiotic characteristics, unit, mode and environment, as well as the relationship between the knowledge transfer process and symbiotic model. It is thought that the knowledge transfer process is divided into knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and knowledge absorption three stages. Second knowledge transfe process in symbiotic relationship is affected by University-Research party creation ability, sharing ability and Industry absorption ability, at the same time we establish knowledge transfer Logistic model of mutually beneficial symbiotic and find that the higher knowledge sharing rate and knowledge absorption rate are, the more enterprise achievements are. In Industry-University-Research alliance of commensalism relationship, we establish game model with Industry and University-Research party as the leading respectively, and discuss the different leading alliance party how to the influent the knowledge transfer process. Finally, according to the analysis, we propose corresponding governance modes which are symbiotic relationship contract and commensalism formal contract.
In empirical research, Shengu-Dlut Industry-University-Research alliance and Microsoft-Chinese colleges and universities Industry-University-Research alliance as atypical cases, verify two types of mutualism and commensalism symbiotic alliance of knowledge transfer process, influence factors and governance modes. This paper argues the two kinds of alliance's practical problems and solving methods in form, knowledge transfer and governance processes, in order to verify the correctness of the theory research conclusion and rationality.
目前,理论界对联盟知识转移的研究多从宏观和微观角度或内部和外部角度针对一般意义上的企业集群、战略联盟和技术联盟的知识转移过程展开,对于产学研联盟这种特殊合作方式的研究鲜有。本文以产学研联盟的共生特征和运行模式为切入点,从共生理论视角讨论了以共生为目的的产学研联盟知识转移过程,提出了互利共生关系下和偏利共生关系下联盟知识转移的过程、障碍因素、治理模式的产学研联盟知识转移的研究框架。
首先,分析了以共生理论为研究视角的产学研联盟的知识转移过程,探讨了产学研联盟共生特征、单元、模式和环境,以及知识转移过程与共生模式的关系,认为知识转移分为知识创造、知识共享和知识吸收三个阶段。其次互利共生关系下影响产学研联盟知识转移的障碍因素包括学研方创造能力、共享能力和产方吸收能力等,并建立互利共生关系的知识转移Logistic模型,发现知识共享率和知识吸收率越高,企业成果转化越多。在偏利共生关系的产学研联盟中,分别建立以产方和以学研方为主导的博弈模型,讨论了不同主导方对联盟知识转移的影响。最后,根据分析提出相应有利于知识转移的互利共生的关系契约和偏利共生的正式契约治理模式。
在实证研究中,以沈鼓—大工产学研联盟和微软—中国高校产学研联盟作为典型案例,验证互利共生和偏利共生两种类型联盟共生关系下的知识转移的过程、影响因素、治理模式。对两种联盟在组建、知识转移及治理过程中遇到的实际问题和解决方法进行了探讨,以验证理论研究所得结论的正确性与合理性。
Knowledge is the core to improve enterprise competition advantage and enhance enterprise innovation ability. In the era of knowledge economy, relying on the university or research institutes to obtain knowledge resources and expanding scope of competition has become most ideal method for the enterprise realizing marketization of scientific and technological achievements. Under the guidance of the national macro policy, the scale of the Industry-University-Research cooperation expands unceasingly, and it shows good development momentum, not only promotes the emerging industry formation, improves the efficiency of industry department, but also promotes the transformation and upgrading of small and medium-sized enterprises, and it has created huge economic benefits. Although the combination of the alliance has become the most extensive cooperation of strategy, there are still many problems in the knowledge transfer of the Industry-University-Research alliance and in the process of knowledge obtaining enterprises still face many difficulties. Therefore, research on the problem in the knowledge transfer of the Industry-University-Research alliance, and recognize and elimination of the obstructive factors to the knowledge transfer in the Industry-University-Research alliance have important theory value and realistic significance.
At present, the research perspective of theoretical circles on the alliance knowledge transfer is from the macroscopic and microcosmic angle or internal and external angle of the general sense of enterprise cluster, strategic alliance and technology alliance, but the study of Industry-University-Research alliance is few. Based on the Industry-University-Research alliance symbiotic characteristics and operation mode as the breakthrough point, we discusse alliance knowledge transfer process for the purpose of combination with symbiosis from the theoretical perspective symbiosis, and put forward alliance knowledge transfer research framework with the relation of mutual benefit and symbiotic a governance modes.
First of all, this paper analyzes Industry-University-Research alliance knowledge transfer process from the symbiosis theory, and discusses the alliance symbiotic characteristics, unit, mode and environment, as well as the relationship between the knowledge transfer process and symbiotic model. It is thought that the knowledge transfer process is divided into knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and knowledge absorption three stages. Second knowledge transfe process in symbiotic relationship is affected by University-Research party creation ability, sharing ability and Industry absorption ability, at the same time we establish knowledge transfer Logistic model of mutually beneficial symbiotic and find that the higher knowledge sharing rate and knowledge absorption rate are, the more enterprise achievements are. In Industry-University-Research alliance of commensalism relationship, we establish game model with Industry and University-Research party as the leading respectively, and discuss the different leading alliance party how to the influent the knowledge transfer process. Finally, according to the analysis, we propose corresponding governance modes which are symbiotic relationship contract and commensalism formal contract.
In empirical research, Shengu-Dlut Industry-University-Research alliance and Microsoft-Chinese colleges and universities Industry-University-Research alliance as atypical cases, verify two types of mutualism and commensalism symbiotic alliance of knowledge transfer process, influence factors and governance modes. This paper argues the two kinds of alliance's practical problems and solving methods in form, knowledge transfer and governance processes, in order to verify the correctness of the theory research conclusion and rationality.
引文
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