电子商务条件下中国物流的发展及其管理研究
摘要
随着互联网的迅速普及，作为20世纪信息化产物的电子商务也蓬勃兴起。在中国，电子商务虽然还处于起步阶段，但随着互联网的飞速发展和中国加入WTO，中国企业面临国际企业的全面竞争，这无疑将推动中国电子商务加速发展。然而，我国作为一个发展中国家，物流业起步晚，水平低，尚不具备能够支持电子商务活动的现代化物流。如何有效地提高物流水平是中国电子商务能得以飞速发展的关键。我国物流业的发展仍处于比较落后的水平，电子商务的发展为我国物流业的发展带来新的机遇。应该对中国物流业的发展确立新的战略目标与指导思想，通过从制度上、技术上创新，深化物流体制改革，用电子商务手段改造物流体系，用现代物流理念发展中国物流，构建具有中国特色物流业发展模式。
电子商务的兴起给人类社会带来了巨大的变革，同时对传统商务方式和传统企业管理提出了严峻的挑战。在电子商务中，物流是商务流程的重要环节，但由于物流管理的严重滞后，在一定程度上造成了电子商务发展的困境。电子商务使现代物流管理面临着机遇和挑战，作为在工业社会业已存在的物流行业，其管理也必然要随之进行变革和创新。随着信息技术和供应链管理的兴起，电子商务物流管理已明显区别于传统的物流管理，成为一种建立在现代信息技术和先进管理思想之上的集成化的运作模式。在电子商务环境下，物流管理的创新需要通过物流管理技术化、信息化、柔性化和一体化等途径得以实现。而目前的电子商务企业自建物流体系、第三方物流配送等各具特色的物流管理模式都凸现出管理创新的主旨。
本文论述了电子商务和物流的密切关系，阐述了现代电子商务物流的特点和技术要求，揭示了我国发展电子商务物流历程及存在的若干问题，探讨了电子商务环境下的物流发展模式及基本思路。文章在借鉴发达国家理论与实践经验的基础上，结合我国的现实情况提出了目前发展电子商务物流所需采用的物流模式及具体的应对策略。最后文章对电子商务下的物流管理系统进行了探索。
With the wide popularity of Internet, E-commerce that is the informative outcome of 20th century also springs up vigorously. In China, E-commerce is still in its embryo stage. Along with the fast development of Internet and China's entry into WTO, Chinese enterprises are confronted with the overall competition from international counterparts, which undoubtedly will accelerate the development of Chinese E-commerce. However, China is a developing country and logistics starts at a late and low level, so we do not have modern logistics that can support E-commerce. How to efficiently raise logistics level is the key to the development pace of Chinese E-commerce. The development of China's logistics still remains in a backward stage, but E-commerce brought new chances to it. Therefore, new strategic aims and guiding principles should be established to further the reform of logistics through systematic and technological innovation. E-commerce should be used to reform the system of logistics and modern logistic prin
ciples should be applied to the development of China's logistics so that a logistic pattern with Chinese characteristics could be constructed.
Electronic business brings about great changes to human society. It challenges to the conventional business and traditional enterprise management model as well. In electronic business, logistics is an important component during the transaction process that existed in industry age. However, sharp contradiction comes into being between flourishing electronic business and backward logistics management It is essential for logistics to carry on innovation of management. With the rise of Supply Chain Management (SCM), electronic business logistics management is regarded as a kind of integrated operation model based on modern information technology and advanced management ideology distinguished from traditional logistics. We must stress the importance of innovation on aspect like technology, information circulation, management methods, and integrate management Current E-commence, enterprises' own logistics systems, third party logistics are all the typical innovative logistics management models.
This paper discusses the close relations between E-commerce and logistics, it also analyzes the characteristics and technology requests of modern logistics. The paper mainly analyses the course and several problems of our domestic logistic development under the E-commence environment. A number
of available logistic models and basic means in order to develop E-business logistics are proposed. The paper mainly proposes the models and tactics for developing E-business logistics in accordance with the actual situation in China today. The conclusion is based on foreign theory and practice. At last the paper probes into the management system under the E-commence environment.
电子商务的兴起给人类社会带来了巨大的变革，同时对传统商务方式和传统企业管理提出了严峻的挑战。在电子商务中，物流是商务流程的重要环节，但由于物流管理的严重滞后，在一定程度上造成了电子商务发展的困境。电子商务使现代物流管理面临着机遇和挑战，作为在工业社会业已存在的物流行业，其管理也必然要随之进行变革和创新。随着信息技术和供应链管理的兴起，电子商务物流管理已明显区别于传统的物流管理，成为一种建立在现代信息技术和先进管理思想之上的集成化的运作模式。在电子商务环境下，物流管理的创新需要通过物流管理技术化、信息化、柔性化和一体化等途径得以实现。而目前的电子商务企业自建物流体系、第三方物流配送等各具特色的物流管理模式都凸现出管理创新的主旨。
本文论述了电子商务和物流的密切关系，阐述了现代电子商务物流的特点和技术要求，揭示了我国发展电子商务物流历程及存在的若干问题，探讨了电子商务环境下的物流发展模式及基本思路。文章在借鉴发达国家理论与实践经验的基础上，结合我国的现实情况提出了目前发展电子商务物流所需采用的物流模式及具体的应对策略。最后文章对电子商务下的物流管理系统进行了探索。
With the wide popularity of Internet, E-commerce that is the informative outcome of 20th century also springs up vigorously. In China, E-commerce is still in its embryo stage. Along with the fast development of Internet and China's entry into WTO, Chinese enterprises are confronted with the overall competition from international counterparts, which undoubtedly will accelerate the development of Chinese E-commerce. However, China is a developing country and logistics starts at a late and low level, so we do not have modern logistics that can support E-commerce. How to efficiently raise logistics level is the key to the development pace of Chinese E-commerce. The development of China's logistics still remains in a backward stage, but E-commerce brought new chances to it. Therefore, new strategic aims and guiding principles should be established to further the reform of logistics through systematic and technological innovation. E-commerce should be used to reform the system of logistics and modern logistic prin
ciples should be applied to the development of China's logistics so that a logistic pattern with Chinese characteristics could be constructed.
Electronic business brings about great changes to human society. It challenges to the conventional business and traditional enterprise management model as well. In electronic business, logistics is an important component during the transaction process that existed in industry age. However, sharp contradiction comes into being between flourishing electronic business and backward logistics management It is essential for logistics to carry on innovation of management. With the rise of Supply Chain Management (SCM), electronic business logistics management is regarded as a kind of integrated operation model based on modern information technology and advanced management ideology distinguished from traditional logistics. We must stress the importance of innovation on aspect like technology, information circulation, management methods, and integrate management Current E-commence, enterprises' own logistics systems, third party logistics are all the typical innovative logistics management models.
This paper discusses the close relations between E-commerce and logistics, it also analyzes the characteristics and technology requests of modern logistics. The paper mainly analyses the course and several problems of our domestic logistic development under the E-commence environment. A number
of available logistic models and basic means in order to develop E-business logistics are proposed. The paper mainly proposes the models and tactics for developing E-business logistics in accordance with the actual situation in China today. The conclusion is based on foreign theory and practice. At last the paper probes into the management system under the E-commence environment.
引文
[1]张继焦，吕江辉．数字化管理．北京：中国物价出版社，2001
[2]李红，梁晋．电子商务技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[3]马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．机械工业出版社，2000
[4]张铎．电子商务与物流．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[5]宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．北京：经济管理出版社，2000
[6]徐文静．物流战略规划与模式．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[7]王之泰．现代物流学．北京：中国物资出版社，1995
[8][美]迈克尔·波特．竞争优势．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1989
[9]包健民．物流现代化．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1997
[10]刘彩．全球电子商务．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[11]张蕾丽．国际贸易与国际物流．北京：华中理工大学出版社，1997
[12]潘丽卿．电子交易市场的优势及网站建立方式的选择．中国经济问题，2002(1)：68～73
[13]阮思阳．电子商务认识误区的澄清与我国电子商务发展问题．改革与战略，2002(1-2)：31～35
[14]王艺．服务业的天之骄子——物流．国际市场，2002(1)：43～44
[15]王春之，康晶，林杰．认识现代物流 加强物流人才的培养．技术经济，2002(1)：33～34
[16]张文杰．区域经济发展与现代物流．中国流通经济，2002(1)：13～19
[17]丁俊发．加入与中国物流市场．中国流通经济，2002(1)：9～10
[18]曾祥云，王强．试论面向电子商务的第三方物流管理系统设计．系统工程，2002,20(1)：60～63
[19]魏修建，刘雪亮．电子商务与物流中心的发展．中国物资流通，2002(2)
[20]何欣．美国电子商务及对流通领域的影响．商场现代化，1999．11
[21]纪良纲，刘振滨．电子商务实施中流通模式冲突的产生与解决．中国流通经济，2002(1)：45～49
[22]王强，胡汉辉，曾祥云．物流，流出机会无限．销售与市场，2002(February)下：28～35
[23]梅绍祖．INTERNET与电子商务和物流．物流技术与应用，1998(4)
[24]张铎．物流现代化的关键技术之一——电子数据交换．物流技术与应用，1998(4)
[25] 饶菲．话说现代物流．市场与电脑，2000(12)
[26] 金灵．物流行业的解决方案．计算机周刊，2001(13)
[27] 宋彤．Internet电子商务的发展．电子展望与决策，1998(1)
[28] 谭朴珍．电子商务：一种全新的贸易形式．外向经济，1998(12)
[29] 周建鹏．电子商务技术．电信科学，1999(1)
[30] 杨立民，刘亚轩．电子商务物流模式的探讨．信息技术，2000(7)
[31] 尤敏，林伟斌．构建电子商务时代的现代物流．科技进步与对策，2000(10)
[32] 何伟君．电子商务与物流．现代计算机，2000(7)
[33] 方文．电子商务物流的特点．计算机周刊，2000(23)
[34] 蔡臻欣．现代物流与电子商务．计算机周刊，2000(43)
[35] 李鹏，陈仲生．物流——电子商务不可忽视的流动!．现代电子技术，2001(4)
[36] 王平，胡向东．电子商务环境下的物流配送决策支持系统．计算机工程与应用，2001(10)
[37] 刘伟江，徐永巍．电子商务环境下的物流配送．长春邮电学院学报，2001(2)
[38] 王平，顾昌祺，陈锋，电子商务环境下的物流配送．重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版)2001(S1)
[39] 夏露．电子商务环境中协同化物流战略研究．科学学与科学技术管理，2001(12)
[40] 骆温平．信息技术在物流管理中的战略作用．交通与计算机，1998(4)
[41] Christine Harland. International comparison of supply chain relationships.Logistics Information Management, 1996,9(4):35～38
[42] Martin Christopher. Marketing Logistics. Butterworth-Heinmann,1997
[43] Julie J.Gentry. Carrier involvement in buyer-supplier strategic partnerships. Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 1996
[44] St Quintin. Trends in European logistics activity:location and property aspects[M]. LONDON, 1993
[45] Spence.A.M. Job Market Sigaling. Quarterty Journal of Economics87,1973
[46] Robert A. Novack. Creating Logistics Value-Themes for the Future[J]. Council of Logistics Management, 1995
[47] Tate,Karen. The Elements of a Successful Logistics Partnershi. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,1996
[48] Weiss.M.A. Implication of Electronic Exchange System for Logistics Planning and Strtegy. Journal of Business Logistics, 1984
[49] P.B.Schary, J.Cokley. Logistics Organization and the Information System. International
Journal of Logistics Management 2,No.2,1984
[50] Mac Exon-Taylor. Enterprise management-the logical integration of supply chain. Logistics Information Management, 1996
[2]李红，梁晋．电子商务技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001
[3]马士华，林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．机械工业出版社，2000
[4]张铎．电子商务与物流．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
[5]宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．北京：经济管理出版社，2000
[6]徐文静．物流战略规划与模式．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[7]王之泰．现代物流学．北京：中国物资出版社，1995
[8][美]迈克尔·波特．竞争优势．北京：中国财政经济出版社，1989
[9]包健民．物流现代化．上海：上海交通大学出版社，1997
[10]刘彩．全球电子商务．北京：人民邮电出版社，1999
[11]张蕾丽．国际贸易与国际物流．北京：华中理工大学出版社，1997
[12]潘丽卿．电子交易市场的优势及网站建立方式的选择．中国经济问题，2002(1)：68～73
[13]阮思阳．电子商务认识误区的澄清与我国电子商务发展问题．改革与战略，2002(1-2)：31～35
[14]王艺．服务业的天之骄子——物流．国际市场，2002(1)：43～44
[15]王春之，康晶，林杰．认识现代物流 加强物流人才的培养．技术经济，2002(1)：33～34
[16]张文杰．区域经济发展与现代物流．中国流通经济，2002(1)：13～19
[17]丁俊发．加入与中国物流市场．中国流通经济，2002(1)：9～10
[18]曾祥云，王强．试论面向电子商务的第三方物流管理系统设计．系统工程，2002,20(1)：60～63
[19]魏修建，刘雪亮．电子商务与物流中心的发展．中国物资流通，2002(2)
[20]何欣．美国电子商务及对流通领域的影响．商场现代化，1999．11
[21]纪良纲，刘振滨．电子商务实施中流通模式冲突的产生与解决．中国流通经济，2002(1)：45～49
[22]王强，胡汉辉，曾祥云．物流，流出机会无限．销售与市场，2002(February)下：28～35
[23]梅绍祖．INTERNET与电子商务和物流．物流技术与应用，1998(4)
[24]张铎．物流现代化的关键技术之一——电子数据交换．物流技术与应用，1998(4)
[25] 饶菲．话说现代物流．市场与电脑，2000(12)
[26] 金灵．物流行业的解决方案．计算机周刊，2001(13)
[27] 宋彤．Internet电子商务的发展．电子展望与决策，1998(1)
[28] 谭朴珍．电子商务：一种全新的贸易形式．外向经济，1998(12)
[29] 周建鹏．电子商务技术．电信科学，1999(1)
[30] 杨立民，刘亚轩．电子商务物流模式的探讨．信息技术，2000(7)
[31] 尤敏，林伟斌．构建电子商务时代的现代物流．科技进步与对策，2000(10)
[32] 何伟君．电子商务与物流．现代计算机，2000(7)
[33] 方文．电子商务物流的特点．计算机周刊，2000(23)
[34] 蔡臻欣．现代物流与电子商务．计算机周刊，2000(43)
[35] 李鹏，陈仲生．物流——电子商务不可忽视的流动!．现代电子技术，2001(4)
[36] 王平，胡向东．电子商务环境下的物流配送决策支持系统．计算机工程与应用，2001(10)
[37] 刘伟江，徐永巍．电子商务环境下的物流配送．长春邮电学院学报，2001(2)
[38] 王平，顾昌祺，陈锋，电子商务环境下的物流配送．重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版)2001(S1)
[39] 夏露．电子商务环境中协同化物流战略研究．科学学与科学技术管理，2001(12)
[40] 骆温平．信息技术在物流管理中的战略作用．交通与计算机，1998(4)
[41] Christine Harland. International comparison of supply chain relationships.Logistics Information Management, 1996,9(4):35～38
[42] Martin Christopher. Marketing Logistics. Butterworth-Heinmann,1997
[43] Julie J.Gentry. Carrier involvement in buyer-supplier strategic partnerships. Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 1996
[44] St Quintin. Trends in European logistics activity:location and property aspects[M]. LONDON, 1993
[45] Spence.A.M. Job Market Sigaling. Quarterty Journal of Economics87,1973
[46] Robert A. Novack. Creating Logistics Value-Themes for the Future[J]. Council of Logistics Management, 1995
[47] Tate,Karen. The Elements of a Successful Logistics Partnershi. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management,1996
[48] Weiss.M.A. Implication of Electronic Exchange System for Logistics Planning and Strtegy. Journal of Business Logistics, 1984
[49] P.B.Schary, J.Cokley. Logistics Organization and the Information System. International
Journal of Logistics Management 2,No.2,1984
[50] Mac Exon-Taylor. Enterprise management-the logical integration of supply chain. Logistics Information Management, 1996