高压断路器状态监测与故障诊断
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摘要
高压断路器在电力系统中承担着控制与保护的双重任务,在电网全球互联的趋势下,电网的规模日益庞大,因此高压断路器在电力系统中的位置也越来越重要,并且对它的正常运行也提出了越来越高的要求。因此,研究高压断路器状态监测和故障诊断技术,对提高断路器的运行维护水平、提高电力系统正常运行的可靠性具有重要的意义。
本文首先对国际大电网会议对断路器进行的两次世界性大调查和中国电力科学研究院对我国断路器运行状况的调查进行了分析,通过对断路器拒动、误动、绝缘、开断与关合、载流等一些常见故障的分析,确定了断路器的状态监测量。在研究了断路器的分(合)闸线圈电流信号、机械振动信号、开断电流信号、触头行程和速度信号、温度信号等状态监测量的基础上,建立了监测信号与故障之间的对应关系。
由于断路器故障具有随机性、模糊性和不确定性的特点,本文给出了一种将粗糙集理论和贝叶斯网络相结合的方法,对高压断路器进行故障诊断。本文以LW6B-126型断路器为研究对象,建立了高压SF6断路器的诊断模型。利用粗糙集理论属性约简中的区分矩阵算法对断路器故障决策表进行约简,然后利用约简得到的最小诊断规则建立贝叶斯网络对断路器的故障进行诊断。最后经过实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
本文还在Visual C++6.0的环境下开发了高压断路器状态监测平台,主要实现了断路器状态监测量数据和波形的实时显示、断路器数据的管理、高压断路器电寿命的实时计算和故障诊断等功能。本系统以阿尔泰公司的USB2002数据采集卡为基础,对软件的各个功能进行了测试。测试结果表明,本软件的各个功能运行良好。
High voltage circuit breaker is playing a very important role in power system. It has dual task of control and protection power system. In the trend of the connection of the global power grid, the scale of the power grid is larger and larger. So the high voltage circuit breaker become more and more important in power system, and it also made the normal operation of increasingly high demands. In order to improve the reliability of normal operation of power system, it has important practical significance to study the high voltage circuit breaker condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology to improve the level of operation and maintenance of circuit breakers.
First, this paper analyses the summary of CIGRE 13.06 working group world wide reliability data and the status of circuit breaker in China from China Electric Power Research Institute. It gives the items and characteristic parameters of condition monitoring based on analyses of the common fault of circuit breaker resist-operation, mal-operation, insulation, breaking and closing, current-carrying and so on. In the research of the characteristic parameters signals of circuit breaker which include the current of opening (closing) coil, mechanical vibration, interrupting current, travel and speed of contact, temperature and so on, the corresponding relation between the monitoring signals and the fault is finally find out.
As the circuit breaker failures have imprecise and uncertain characteristics, this paper gives a method which is combined by the Rough Set Theory and the Bayesian Network to diagnose the fault of high voltage circuit breaker. In this paper, a diagnostic model of high voltage SF6 circuit breaker is established based on the research of LW6B-126 SF6 circuit breaker. The discernible matrix algorithm of attribute reduction in the Rough Sets Theory is used to reduce the attribute of this fault diagnosis decision table and eliminate the redundancy knowledge. Then the minimal diagnostic rules can be obtained after simplify the expert knowledge. The complexity of BN structure can be decreased effectively based the minimal rules. Finally, probability reasoning can be realized by Bayesian Network, which can be used to analyze fault reasons of circuit breaker fleetly. This method is proved to be feasible and effective for the HV SF6 circuit breaker by the result of practical fault diagnosis examples.
The high voltage circuit breaker condition monitoring system is developed in Visual C++6.0 environment. The main function include the real time circuit breaker condition monitoring data and waveform displays, circuit breaker database management, real time calculation of circuit breaker’s electrical life and fault diagnosis. This system tests the various functions of the software based on Altai’s USB2002 data acquisition card. Finally, this paper introduces the overall interface of this monitoring system simply.
本文首先对国际大电网会议对断路器进行的两次世界性大调查和中国电力科学研究院对我国断路器运行状况的调查进行了分析,通过对断路器拒动、误动、绝缘、开断与关合、载流等一些常见故障的分析,确定了断路器的状态监测量。在研究了断路器的分(合)闸线圈电流信号、机械振动信号、开断电流信号、触头行程和速度信号、温度信号等状态监测量的基础上,建立了监测信号与故障之间的对应关系。
由于断路器故障具有随机性、模糊性和不确定性的特点,本文给出了一种将粗糙集理论和贝叶斯网络相结合的方法,对高压断路器进行故障诊断。本文以LW6B-126型断路器为研究对象,建立了高压SF6断路器的诊断模型。利用粗糙集理论属性约简中的区分矩阵算法对断路器故障决策表进行约简,然后利用约简得到的最小诊断规则建立贝叶斯网络对断路器的故障进行诊断。最后经过实例验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。
本文还在Visual C++6.0的环境下开发了高压断路器状态监测平台,主要实现了断路器状态监测量数据和波形的实时显示、断路器数据的管理、高压断路器电寿命的实时计算和故障诊断等功能。本系统以阿尔泰公司的USB2002数据采集卡为基础,对软件的各个功能进行了测试。测试结果表明,本软件的各个功能运行良好。
High voltage circuit breaker is playing a very important role in power system. It has dual task of control and protection power system. In the trend of the connection of the global power grid, the scale of the power grid is larger and larger. So the high voltage circuit breaker become more and more important in power system, and it also made the normal operation of increasingly high demands. In order to improve the reliability of normal operation of power system, it has important practical significance to study the high voltage circuit breaker condition monitoring and fault diagnosis technology to improve the level of operation and maintenance of circuit breakers.
First, this paper analyses the summary of CIGRE 13.06 working group world wide reliability data and the status of circuit breaker in China from China Electric Power Research Institute. It gives the items and characteristic parameters of condition monitoring based on analyses of the common fault of circuit breaker resist-operation, mal-operation, insulation, breaking and closing, current-carrying and so on. In the research of the characteristic parameters signals of circuit breaker which include the current of opening (closing) coil, mechanical vibration, interrupting current, travel and speed of contact, temperature and so on, the corresponding relation between the monitoring signals and the fault is finally find out.
As the circuit breaker failures have imprecise and uncertain characteristics, this paper gives a method which is combined by the Rough Set Theory and the Bayesian Network to diagnose the fault of high voltage circuit breaker. In this paper, a diagnostic model of high voltage SF6 circuit breaker is established based on the research of LW6B-126 SF6 circuit breaker. The discernible matrix algorithm of attribute reduction in the Rough Sets Theory is used to reduce the attribute of this fault diagnosis decision table and eliminate the redundancy knowledge. Then the minimal diagnostic rules can be obtained after simplify the expert knowledge. The complexity of BN structure can be decreased effectively based the minimal rules. Finally, probability reasoning can be realized by Bayesian Network, which can be used to analyze fault reasons of circuit breaker fleetly. This method is proved to be feasible and effective for the HV SF6 circuit breaker by the result of practical fault diagnosis examples.
The high voltage circuit breaker condition monitoring system is developed in Visual C++6.0 environment. The main function include the real time circuit breaker condition monitoring data and waveform displays, circuit breaker database management, real time calculation of circuit breaker’s electrical life and fault diagnosis. This system tests the various functions of the software based on Altai’s USB2002 data acquisition card. Finally, this paper introduces the overall interface of this monitoring system simply.
引文
1武建东.智能电网与中国互动电网创新发展.电网与清洁能源, 2009, 25(4): 5-8
2武建东.中国智能互动电网发展战略.中国电力企业管理, 2009, 5: 20-29
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4郭莉鸿.电气设备状态维修的理论依据及保障体系.电力学报, 2000, 15(3): 180-183
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6郭江,刘亚锦,邹积岩.面向优化检修的真空断路器状态监测与诊断.高压电器, 2007, 43(6): 454-456
7 Y. Han, Y. H. Song. Condition Monitoring Techniques for Electrical Equipment A Literature Survey. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2003, 18(1): 4-12
8 Victoria M. Catterson, Euan M. Davidson, Stephen D. J. McArthur. Issues in Integrating Existing Multi-agent Systems for Power Engineering Applications. IEEE ISAP, 2005: 386-401
9 Martin H. B. de Grijp, Joost S. Bedet, Richard A Hopkins. Condition Monitoring of High Voltage Circuit Breakers. IEEE. 1996: 880-885
10 Mladen K, Ren Zhifang, Goran L. Automated monitoring and analysis of circuit breaker operation. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2005,20(3):1910-1918
11 Anton Poeltl, Mike Haines. Experiences with Condition Monitoring of HV Circuit Breakers. IEEE. 2001: 1077-1082
12方可行.断路器故障与监测.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003: 1-8
13苑舜.高压开关设备状态监测与诊断技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2001: 4-10
14王昌长.电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 2-10
15马强,荣命哲,贾申利.基于振动信号小波包提取和短时能量分析的高压断路器合闸同期性的研究.中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(13): 149-154
16胡晓光,齐明,纪延超等.基于径向基函数网络的高压断路器在线监测和故障诊断.电网技术, 2001, 25(8): 41-44
17 Naidu H, Antur A, Tangri M K, et al. A noninvasive diagnostic instrument for power circuit breakers. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006, 7(2): 656-663
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21胡晓光,戴景民,纪延超等.基于小波奇异性检测的高压断路器故障诊断.中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(5): 67-70
22 Lee Dennis Sui Sun, Lithgow Brian J, Morrison Rob E. New Fault Diagnosis of Circuit Breakers. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2005, 18(2): 454-459
23孙来军,胡晓光,纪延超.改进的小波包-特征熵在高压断路器故障诊断中的应用.中国电机工程学报, 2007, 27(12): 103-108
24 Hidalen Hans K, Runde Magne. Continuous Monitoring of Circuit Breakers Using Vibration Analysis. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(4): 2458-2465
25姚月娥,张庭,刘春等.断路器在线状态的信息处理.高压电器, 2004, 40(2): 107-111
26王振浩,杜凌艳,李国庆等.动态时间规整算法诊断高压断路器故障.高电压技术, 2006, 32(10): 36-38
27王芳,毛晓桦.基于小波奇异性和神经网络的高压断路器机械故障诊断.南京工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2005, 3(1): 23-27
28罗小安,翁陈宇.基于RBF神经网络在高压断路器故障诊断的研究.电气应用, 2007, 26(4): 50-53
29马小波,韩富春,李海亮.基于粗糙集理论和贝叶斯网络的真空断路器故障诊断方法.现代电力, 2008, 25(3): 42-46
30刘青志,周绍磊,沐阿华.基于ANN的组合智能故障诊断专家系统的设计.计算机测量与控制, 2004, 12(7): 613-615
31张弛,王玮,徐丽杰等.基于D-S算法的断路器机械故障诊断技术.电气开关, 2007. No.2: 1-4
32胡国根,刘念,李波等.基于粗糙集理论的真空断路器故障诊断方法.四川电力技术. 2007, 30(2): 33-35
33李俊,吴江.基于粗糙集与神经网络的断路器状态监测.微计算机信息(测控自动化), 2007,23(4-1): 135-137
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2武建东.中国智能互动电网发展战略.中国电力企业管理, 2009, 5: 20-29
3许婧,王晶,高峰等.电力设备状态检修技术研究综述.电网技术, 2000, 24(8): 48-52
4郭莉鸿.电气设备状态维修的理论依据及保障体系.电力学报, 2000, 15(3): 180-183
5钟家喜,朱月香,吴忠等.高压开关设备状态检修策略浅议.高电压技术, 2004, 30(12): 61-62
6郭江,刘亚锦,邹积岩.面向优化检修的真空断路器状态监测与诊断.高压电器, 2007, 43(6): 454-456
7 Y. Han, Y. H. Song. Condition Monitoring Techniques for Electrical Equipment A Literature Survey. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2003, 18(1): 4-12
8 Victoria M. Catterson, Euan M. Davidson, Stephen D. J. McArthur. Issues in Integrating Existing Multi-agent Systems for Power Engineering Applications. IEEE ISAP, 2005: 386-401
9 Martin H. B. de Grijp, Joost S. Bedet, Richard A Hopkins. Condition Monitoring of High Voltage Circuit Breakers. IEEE. 1996: 880-885
10 Mladen K, Ren Zhifang, Goran L. Automated monitoring and analysis of circuit breaker operation. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2005,20(3):1910-1918
11 Anton Poeltl, Mike Haines. Experiences with Condition Monitoring of HV Circuit Breakers. IEEE. 2001: 1077-1082
12方可行.断路器故障与监测.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003: 1-8
13苑舜.高压开关设备状态监测与诊断技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2001: 4-10
14王昌长.电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006: 2-10
15马强,荣命哲,贾申利.基于振动信号小波包提取和短时能量分析的高压断路器合闸同期性的研究.中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(13): 149-154
16胡晓光,齐明,纪延超等.基于径向基函数网络的高压断路器在线监测和故障诊断.电网技术, 2001, 25(8): 41-44
17 Naidu H, Antur A, Tangri M K, et al. A noninvasive diagnostic instrument for power circuit breakers. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006, 7(2): 656-663
18 Polycarpou A A, Soom A, Swarnker V, et al. Event timing and shape analysis of vibration bursts from power circuit breakers. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2005, 11(2): 848-857
19 Runde Magne, Ottesen G. E, Skvberg B, et al. Vibration Analysis for Diagnostic Testing of Circuit Breakers. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 1996, 11(4): 1816-1823
20 Runde Magne, Aurud Trond, Ottesen Georg E, et al, Acoustic Diagnosis of High Voltage Circuit-Breakers. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2000, 7(3): 1306-1315.
21胡晓光,戴景民,纪延超等.基于小波奇异性检测的高压断路器故障诊断.中国电机工程学报, 2001, 21(5): 67-70
22 Lee Dennis Sui Sun, Lithgow Brian J, Morrison Rob E. New Fault Diagnosis of Circuit Breakers. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2005, 18(2): 454-459
23孙来军,胡晓光,纪延超.改进的小波包-特征熵在高压断路器故障诊断中的应用.中国电机工程学报, 2007, 27(12): 103-108
24 Hidalen Hans K, Runde Magne. Continuous Monitoring of Circuit Breakers Using Vibration Analysis. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, 2005, 20(4): 2458-2465
25姚月娥,张庭,刘春等.断路器在线状态的信息处理.高压电器, 2004, 40(2): 107-111
26王振浩,杜凌艳,李国庆等.动态时间规整算法诊断高压断路器故障.高电压技术, 2006, 32(10): 36-38
27王芳,毛晓桦.基于小波奇异性和神经网络的高压断路器机械故障诊断.南京工程学院学报(自然科学版), 2005, 3(1): 23-27
28罗小安,翁陈宇.基于RBF神经网络在高压断路器故障诊断的研究.电气应用, 2007, 26(4): 50-53
29马小波,韩富春,李海亮.基于粗糙集理论和贝叶斯网络的真空断路器故障诊断方法.现代电力, 2008, 25(3): 42-46
30刘青志,周绍磊,沐阿华.基于ANN的组合智能故障诊断专家系统的设计.计算机测量与控制, 2004, 12(7): 613-615
31张弛,王玮,徐丽杰等.基于D-S算法的断路器机械故障诊断技术.电气开关, 2007. No.2: 1-4
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