开口型预应力混凝土管桩竖向承载力分析
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摘要
预应力管桩是桩基础的类型之一,是应用于工业与民用建筑、铁路、公路桥梁、电力、水利、港口等土木工程建设中的一种深基础。高强度预应力混凝土管桩(PHC桩)是近年来出现的一种新型的预制桩,分开口型和闭口型,开口型管桩的承载机理比闭口型复杂,国内外很多学者及专家对预应力混凝土管桩的承载力做了研究。目前,对开口型管桩基础的荷载传递机理、受力性能及破坏机理的探讨仍未十分清晰、深刻,对影响开口型管桩承载性能的各种因素缺乏系统的分析与比较,对开口型管桩单桩极限承载力还没有更为合理的计算方法。由众多工程项目得知,计算的开口型管桩单桩极限承载力与静载荷试验确定的极限承载力不符,计算值普遍偏低,这不仅给施工增加了一定的难度,而且造成了资源的浪费。
本文从分析开口型预应力管桩的土塞效应和挤土效应着手,详细分析了开口型管桩基础的荷载传递机理、受力性能、破坏机理,以及软土地基条件下管桩地基承载力的时效性问题；探讨了静压管桩压桩机理和终极压力与试桩极限承载力关系；在理论分析的基础之上,给出了开口型预应力混凝土管桩单桩竖向承载力特征值计算公式,同时对哈尔滨两个地区的10个桩的静载荷试桩数据进行了统计归纳,并将试验结果与理论计算结果进行了对比分析,验证了按本文提供的开口型预应力混凝土管桩单桩竖向承载力特征值的计算公式计算能满足设计要求,可为工程设计提供参考。
The pre-stressed pipe pile, one of pile foundations, is a deep foundation of civil engineering construction applied in industrial and civil architecture, railways, roads, bridges, electricity, hydraulic power and ports, etc. The high strength pre-stressed concrete pile(PHC) is a new pre-cast pipe which has appeared in recent years and is classified with open-ending and closed-ending. The mechanism of bearing capacity for open-ending pipe piles is more complex than closed-ending ones. Many domestic and foreign experts and scholars have studied the bearing capacity of pre-stressed concrete pipe pile. At present, the studies of plie base load-transfer mechanism, load-bearing performance and damage mechanism of open-ending pipe piles are not completely clear and profound; there is a lack of systematic analysis and comparison of the various factors influencing the bearing capacity of open-ending pipe piles; there is no reasonable way of calculating ultimate bearing capacity of a single open-ending pile. It is known from numerous engineering projects that there is an inconsistency in the calculations of the ultimate bearing capacity between a single open-ending pile and static load test. The calculation in the single pile is comparatively low in most cases, which not only enlarges the difficulty in construction but also wastes the resources.
This thesis begins with the soil plugging effect and squeezing effect of the open-ending pre-stressed pipe pile and analyzes in detail the load-transfer mechanism, load-bearing performance and damage mechanism of open-ending pipe piles and the issue of time effectiveness of the bearing capacity of pipe pile foundations under the condition of soft soil ground. It studies the pile driving mechanism of the static pressure pipe pile and the relationship between the ultimate pressure and the ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile and gives the calculating formula of characteristic value of the bearing capacity of vertical foundation of a single open-ending pre-stressed concrete pile on the basis of theoretical analysis. Meanwhile, the data from the test of 10 static load piles collected from the two regions of Harbin has been summarized statistically. A comparative analysis has been made between the test result and the theoretical calculation one, which verifies that the calculating formula of characteristic value of the vertical bearing capacity of a single open-ending pre-stressed concrete pile offered by the author can meet the demand of design and is practicable.
本文从分析开口型预应力管桩的土塞效应和挤土效应着手,详细分析了开口型管桩基础的荷载传递机理、受力性能、破坏机理,以及软土地基条件下管桩地基承载力的时效性问题；探讨了静压管桩压桩机理和终极压力与试桩极限承载力关系；在理论分析的基础之上,给出了开口型预应力混凝土管桩单桩竖向承载力特征值计算公式,同时对哈尔滨两个地区的10个桩的静载荷试桩数据进行了统计归纳,并将试验结果与理论计算结果进行了对比分析,验证了按本文提供的开口型预应力混凝土管桩单桩竖向承载力特征值的计算公式计算能满足设计要求,可为工程设计提供参考。
The pre-stressed pipe pile, one of pile foundations, is a deep foundation of civil engineering construction applied in industrial and civil architecture, railways, roads, bridges, electricity, hydraulic power and ports, etc. The high strength pre-stressed concrete pile(PHC) is a new pre-cast pipe which has appeared in recent years and is classified with open-ending and closed-ending. The mechanism of bearing capacity for open-ending pipe piles is more complex than closed-ending ones. Many domestic and foreign experts and scholars have studied the bearing capacity of pre-stressed concrete pipe pile. At present, the studies of plie base load-transfer mechanism, load-bearing performance and damage mechanism of open-ending pipe piles are not completely clear and profound; there is a lack of systematic analysis and comparison of the various factors influencing the bearing capacity of open-ending pipe piles; there is no reasonable way of calculating ultimate bearing capacity of a single open-ending pile. It is known from numerous engineering projects that there is an inconsistency in the calculations of the ultimate bearing capacity between a single open-ending pile and static load test. The calculation in the single pile is comparatively low in most cases, which not only enlarges the difficulty in construction but also wastes the resources.
This thesis begins with the soil plugging effect and squeezing effect of the open-ending pre-stressed pipe pile and analyzes in detail the load-transfer mechanism, load-bearing performance and damage mechanism of open-ending pipe piles and the issue of time effectiveness of the bearing capacity of pipe pile foundations under the condition of soft soil ground. It studies the pile driving mechanism of the static pressure pipe pile and the relationship between the ultimate pressure and the ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile and gives the calculating formula of characteristic value of the bearing capacity of vertical foundation of a single open-ending pre-stressed concrete pile on the basis of theoretical analysis. Meanwhile, the data from the test of 10 static load piles collected from the two regions of Harbin has been summarized statistically. A comparative analysis has been made between the test result and the theoretical calculation one, which verifies that the calculating formula of characteristic value of the vertical bearing capacity of a single open-ending pre-stressed concrete pile offered by the author can meet the demand of design and is practicable.
引文
[1]施松华.高强度预应力混凝土管桩承载性能的分析研究[D].硕士研究生论文.河海大学.2007
[2]徐梓炘.敞口预应力混凝土管桩的承载力[J].宁波高等专科学校学报.2003
[3]吴庆勇、张忠苗.开口管桩极限承载力的分析与简化计算[J].工程勘察.2006(04)
[4]李连营、路清.预应力管桩单桩竖向极限承载力分析[J].岩土工程技术.2003(04)
[5]叶海青.预应力管桩竖向承载力确定方法的探讨[J].五邑大学学报.1997(02)
[6]罗晓辉.桩的荷载传递机理分析[J].岩土工程技术.1999(03)
[7]张彦宁.预应力管桩单桩极限承载力的探讨[D].硕士研究生论文.四川大学.2007
[8]戴庆斌.扩大头带肋管桩沉降及承载力研究[D].硕士研究生论文.浙江大学.2007
[9]孙志亮.预应力管桩竖向荷载传递机理研究[D].硕士研究生论文.天津大学.2005
[10]丛欣福.预应力混凝土管桩在砂土中竖向承载力的研究[D].硕士研究生论文.武汉理工大学.2007
[11]杜来斌.PHC管桩土塞效应浅析[J].工业建筑.2005年第35卷增刊
[12]邬险峰.抱压式桩端自引孔静压入岩PHC管桩研究与应用[D].硕士研究生论文.南昌大学.2007
[13]潘赛军.管桩静压过程中地基孔压变化及桩承载力时效研究[D].硕士研究生论文.浙江大学.2006
[14]彭宏.预应力混凝土管桩及其沉桩挤土效应研究[D].硕士研究生论文.华 中科技大学.2004
[15]陈军.江苏省淮安地区预应力混凝土管桩应用研究[D].硕士研究生论文.河海大学.2007
[16]高学鸿.无承台高强预应力管桩在罐基础中的应用研究[D].硕士研究生论文.东南大学.2006
[17]金兴平.预应力管桩承载力性状的研究[D].硕士研究生论文.浙江大学.2001
[18]牛志荣.地基处理技术及工程应用[J].岩土力学.2004
[19]顾晓鲁.地基与基础[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1993,95-103
[20]张明义.静力压入桩的研究与应用[M].中国建材工业出版社.2000,25-29
[2l]祝龙根、刘利民、耿乃兴.地基基础测试新技术[M].机械工业出版社.2002,77-81
[22]中华人民共和国行业标准-建筑桩基技术规范(JGJ94-94).中国建筑工业出版社.1995
[23]中华人民共和国行业标准-建筑地基基础设计规范(GBS0007-2002)
[24]中华人民共和国行业标准-建筑地基基础设计规范(GBS0007-2008)
[25]钟阳、甘永辉.预应力齿面管桩竖向承载力试验研究[J].工业建筑.2009(03)
[26]刘京川.浅谈PHC预应力管桩静压法施工与质量控制[J].山西建筑.2009(07)
[27]胡人礼.桥梁桩基础分析和设计[M].中国铁道出版社.2005,214-232
[28]Heerema E P, JongA.An Advanced Wave Equation Computer Program Which Simulates Dynamic Plugging Through a CouPled Mass-Spring System.In:Conf. On Numerical Methods in Off-shore Piling, London, Ice, 1980.37-42.
[29]李华云.高强度预应力混凝土管桩在海口世纪大桥中的应用[J].桥梁建设.2003(3),66-68.
[30]刘翔、赵鹏.PHC桩在天津港码头工程中的应用[J].中国港湾建设.2005(12),53-55.
[31]Smith I M,ToP, Willson S M.Plugging of Pipe Pile.In:third int Conf Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling.Nantes.1986.53-73.
[32]Randolph M F. Modelling of the Soil Plug Response During Pile Driving. In:nineth SE Asian Geotechnieal Conf.Bangkok:1987.
[33]李学民、伍军、李国亮、覃勇刚.开口钢管桩竖向承载力机理及计算探讨[J].桥梁建设.2005(4),38-40.
[34]张沛平.桩与土体中的荷载传递[M].同济大学出版社.2006,128-140
[35]Seed, H.B.and Reese, L.C., The action of soft clay along friction piles,Trans, ASCE, Vol.122,1957
[36]A.S.Vesic,Expansion of Cavities of Infinite Soil Mass, ASCE.1972.SM3
[37]A.S.Vesic,Principles of Pile Foundation Design,Lecture Series on deep Foundation,Boston Society,CE ASCE.1975
[38]Ellision,R.D,Load-deformation mechanics for broad pile, Proc.ASCE,Vol.1,1971
[39]Sanglerat.GThe penetrometer and soil exportation, EIservier Publishing Company 119
[40]张忠苗.预应力管桩竖向承载力的研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文.2001
[41]Nottingham, L.C.Use of Quasi-Static penetrometer data to predict load capacity of displacement piles,Ph.d.Dissertation to the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Florrida.
[42]杨从军、单华刚.摩擦桩沉降变形规律及承载力确定的探讨[J].岩土力学.2002
[2]徐梓炘.敞口预应力混凝土管桩的承载力[J].宁波高等专科学校学报.2003
[3]吴庆勇、张忠苗.开口管桩极限承载力的分析与简化计算[J].工程勘察.2006(04)
[4]李连营、路清.预应力管桩单桩竖向极限承载力分析[J].岩土工程技术.2003(04)
[5]叶海青.预应力管桩竖向承载力确定方法的探讨[J].五邑大学学报.1997(02)
[6]罗晓辉.桩的荷载传递机理分析[J].岩土工程技术.1999(03)
[7]张彦宁.预应力管桩单桩极限承载力的探讨[D].硕士研究生论文.四川大学.2007
[8]戴庆斌.扩大头带肋管桩沉降及承载力研究[D].硕士研究生论文.浙江大学.2007
[9]孙志亮.预应力管桩竖向荷载传递机理研究[D].硕士研究生论文.天津大学.2005
[10]丛欣福.预应力混凝土管桩在砂土中竖向承载力的研究[D].硕士研究生论文.武汉理工大学.2007
[11]杜来斌.PHC管桩土塞效应浅析[J].工业建筑.2005年第35卷增刊
[12]邬险峰.抱压式桩端自引孔静压入岩PHC管桩研究与应用[D].硕士研究生论文.南昌大学.2007
[13]潘赛军.管桩静压过程中地基孔压变化及桩承载力时效研究[D].硕士研究生论文.浙江大学.2006
[14]彭宏.预应力混凝土管桩及其沉桩挤土效应研究[D].硕士研究生论文.华 中科技大学.2004
[15]陈军.江苏省淮安地区预应力混凝土管桩应用研究[D].硕士研究生论文.河海大学.2007
[16]高学鸿.无承台高强预应力管桩在罐基础中的应用研究[D].硕士研究生论文.东南大学.2006
[17]金兴平.预应力管桩承载力性状的研究[D].硕士研究生论文.浙江大学.2001
[18]牛志荣.地基处理技术及工程应用[J].岩土力学.2004
[19]顾晓鲁.地基与基础[M].中国建筑工业出版社.1993,95-103
[20]张明义.静力压入桩的研究与应用[M].中国建材工业出版社.2000,25-29
[2l]祝龙根、刘利民、耿乃兴.地基基础测试新技术[M].机械工业出版社.2002,77-81
[22]中华人民共和国行业标准-建筑桩基技术规范(JGJ94-94).中国建筑工业出版社.1995
[23]中华人民共和国行业标准-建筑地基基础设计规范(GBS0007-2002)
[24]中华人民共和国行业标准-建筑地基基础设计规范(GBS0007-2008)
[25]钟阳、甘永辉.预应力齿面管桩竖向承载力试验研究[J].工业建筑.2009(03)
[26]刘京川.浅谈PHC预应力管桩静压法施工与质量控制[J].山西建筑.2009(07)
[27]胡人礼.桥梁桩基础分析和设计[M].中国铁道出版社.2005,214-232
[28]Heerema E P, JongA.An Advanced Wave Equation Computer Program Which Simulates Dynamic Plugging Through a CouPled Mass-Spring System.In:Conf. On Numerical Methods in Off-shore Piling, London, Ice, 1980.37-42.
[29]李华云.高强度预应力混凝土管桩在海口世纪大桥中的应用[J].桥梁建设.2003(3),66-68.
[30]刘翔、赵鹏.PHC桩在天津港码头工程中的应用[J].中国港湾建设.2005(12),53-55.
[31]Smith I M,ToP, Willson S M.Plugging of Pipe Pile.In:third int Conf Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling.Nantes.1986.53-73.
[32]Randolph M F. Modelling of the Soil Plug Response During Pile Driving. In:nineth SE Asian Geotechnieal Conf.Bangkok:1987.
[33]李学民、伍军、李国亮、覃勇刚.开口钢管桩竖向承载力机理及计算探讨[J].桥梁建设.2005(4),38-40.
[34]张沛平.桩与土体中的荷载传递[M].同济大学出版社.2006,128-140
[35]Seed, H.B.and Reese, L.C., The action of soft clay along friction piles,Trans, ASCE, Vol.122,1957
[36]A.S.Vesic,Expansion of Cavities of Infinite Soil Mass, ASCE.1972.SM3
[37]A.S.Vesic,Principles of Pile Foundation Design,Lecture Series on deep Foundation,Boston Society,CE ASCE.1975
[38]Ellision,R.D,Load-deformation mechanics for broad pile, Proc.ASCE,Vol.1,1971
[39]Sanglerat.GThe penetrometer and soil exportation, EIservier Publishing Company 119
[40]张忠苗.预应力管桩竖向承载力的研究[D].浙江大学硕士论文.2001
[41]Nottingham, L.C.Use of Quasi-Static penetrometer data to predict load capacity of displacement piles,Ph.d.Dissertation to the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Florrida.
[42]杨从军、单华刚.摩擦桩沉降变形规律及承载力确定的探讨[J].岩土力学.2002