古代针灸歌赋的文献研究
摘要
古代针灸歌赋是中医学宝贵的文化遗产,也是古代医家学术思想、临床经验和教训的高度概括。历经千年流传下来,形成了丰富、独具特色的类别,而且以朗朗上口、言简意赅、便于记诵等特点为针灸学者所喜爱并习诵。
但由于古代针灸歌赋数量众多,种类繁杂,且散在于各类文献中,内容或有交叉重复,传承发展和演变过程也较为复杂,不便于学习与利用。在既往的研究中尚未见对其发生发展、内容、数量、种类、作用和传承关系等的全面统计和系统整理。
本文是对古代针灸歌赋的一次全面、系统地整理。方法是在广泛阅读古代针灸文献的基础上,搜集其中各类针灸歌赋,逐一记录,分析每一首歌赋的背景、内容和作用,又在此基础上比较其异同,寻找诸歌赋之间的承继关系,捋清它们的发展源流,并将其分类,最终达到对针灸歌赋的发生发展、内容、数量、种类和作用的整体把握。
经研究,古代针灸歌赋出现于宋代,兴盛于金元,发展于明代,衰落于清代。在检索的百余种针灸文献中,有45部著作载有针灸歌赋。据统计,45部针灸著作中,共收载针灸歌赋1497首,除去重复为1045首。其中包括综合治疗类405首,经穴定位类539首,八法八穴类31首,流注针法类34首和针灸禁忌类36首。
The verses of acupuncture and moxbustion are a valuable cultural heritage of traditional Chinese medicine; they are the distillation of ancient physicians’scholarship, clinical experiences and lessons. Passed down for thousands of years, they solidified into rich and unique categories. Such verses are well respected and widely recited by beginning acupuncturists as rhyming mnemonics for their conciseness and ease of memorization.
The myriad of acu- moxbustion verses exists in a messy collection and is scattered across various literature; its patterns of origination, development, and evolution are also incredibly complicated. Previous studies have not comprehensively surveyed or systematically analyzed the verses’development, content, quantity, categories, functions, and lineage. This dissertation aims to comprehensively synthesize and systematically analyze the ancient acu- moxbustion verses by collecting various verses; recording each verse and analyzing its background, content, and functions drawn from the ancient acupuncture literature; comparing their differences; charting their lineage; and elucidating their development origins. This paper seeks to attain general knowledge concerning the origins, development, content, quantity, categories and functions of the verses.
Research shows that the acu- moxbustion verses originated in Song Dynasty, flourished in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, matured in Ming Dynasty and declined in Qing Dynasty. Within the 45 acupuncture-related works, there are 1045 acu- moxbustion verses– discounting the duplicate verses within the 1497 verses calculated by the minimum unit. They fall into five categories– combination therapeutic 405 verses, meridians and points 539, eight therapeutic methods and points 31, liuzhu 34 and countraindication 36. Each category holds significant value in literature and serves important clinical functions. By researching the content, functions, and lineage of each verse and category, the paper arrives at a thorough understanding of the development and evolution of the ancient acupuncture scholarship.
但由于古代针灸歌赋数量众多,种类繁杂,且散在于各类文献中,内容或有交叉重复,传承发展和演变过程也较为复杂,不便于学习与利用。在既往的研究中尚未见对其发生发展、内容、数量、种类、作用和传承关系等的全面统计和系统整理。
本文是对古代针灸歌赋的一次全面、系统地整理。方法是在广泛阅读古代针灸文献的基础上,搜集其中各类针灸歌赋,逐一记录,分析每一首歌赋的背景、内容和作用,又在此基础上比较其异同,寻找诸歌赋之间的承继关系,捋清它们的发展源流,并将其分类,最终达到对针灸歌赋的发生发展、内容、数量、种类和作用的整体把握。
经研究,古代针灸歌赋出现于宋代,兴盛于金元,发展于明代,衰落于清代。在检索的百余种针灸文献中,有45部著作载有针灸歌赋。据统计,45部针灸著作中,共收载针灸歌赋1497首,除去重复为1045首。其中包括综合治疗类405首,经穴定位类539首,八法八穴类31首,流注针法类34首和针灸禁忌类36首。
The verses of acupuncture and moxbustion are a valuable cultural heritage of traditional Chinese medicine; they are the distillation of ancient physicians’scholarship, clinical experiences and lessons. Passed down for thousands of years, they solidified into rich and unique categories. Such verses are well respected and widely recited by beginning acupuncturists as rhyming mnemonics for their conciseness and ease of memorization.
The myriad of acu- moxbustion verses exists in a messy collection and is scattered across various literature; its patterns of origination, development, and evolution are also incredibly complicated. Previous studies have not comprehensively surveyed or systematically analyzed the verses’development, content, quantity, categories, functions, and lineage. This dissertation aims to comprehensively synthesize and systematically analyze the ancient acu- moxbustion verses by collecting various verses; recording each verse and analyzing its background, content, and functions drawn from the ancient acupuncture literature; comparing their differences; charting their lineage; and elucidating their development origins. This paper seeks to attain general knowledge concerning the origins, development, content, quantity, categories and functions of the verses.
Research shows that the acu- moxbustion verses originated in Song Dynasty, flourished in Jin and Yuan Dynasties, matured in Ming Dynasty and declined in Qing Dynasty. Within the 45 acupuncture-related works, there are 1045 acu- moxbustion verses– discounting the duplicate verses within the 1497 verses calculated by the minimum unit. They fall into five categories– combination therapeutic 405 verses, meridians and points 539, eight therapeutic methods and points 31, liuzhu 34 and countraindication 36. Each category holds significant value in literature and serves important clinical functions. By researching the content, functions, and lineage of each verse and category, the paper arrives at a thorough understanding of the development and evolution of the ancient acupuncture scholarship.
引文
[1]贺普仁.针灸歌赋临床应用[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1992.
[2]施震编.针灸歌赋处方集解[M].南京:南京出版社,1989.
[3]李磊.针灸经络腑穴歌赋白话解[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1996.
[5]施土生.针灸歌赋校释[M]太原:山西科学教育出版社,1987.
[4]蔡文,陈强.歌诀歌赋259首[M].北京:中国中医药出版社, 2004.
[5]王晓龙,史俊青.历代针灸经典歌赋详注[M].北京:北京学苑出版社, 2007 .
[6]董明强.针灸歌诀800首[M].北京:北京人民军医出版社,2004 .
[7]李磊.针灸歌赋选读.[M]上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1996
[8]李瑞.袖珍针灸歌赋[M].北京:北京科技出版社,2002.李杨.实用针灸歌赋[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社,2007
[9]沈霍夫.针灸歌赋源流考[J].江西中医药,1982(4):49李嘉,徐恒泽.
[10]金元明清针灸歌赋述要[J].南京中医药大学学报1997,13(6):359-360
[11]刘红菊.窦汉卿针灸二赋学术思想分析[J].甘肃中医2009,22(7):42徐春娟,陈荣,杨永寿.席弘、席弘学派与《席弘赋》[J].中国针灸2008,28(11):42
[12]杜杰.小议针灸歌赋中的补与泻[J].江西中医药2007,10(10):55
[13]武晓冬.古代针灸治疗歌赋腧穴主治探讨[J].中国针灸,2006,(26)5:381-384
[14]李鼎.何来歌诀马丹阳?——天星十一穴、十二穴的由来[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(03):29-31
[15]李鼎.此诀出自梓桑君——席弘学派及其针法[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(02) :1-4
[16]李鼎.此法传从窦太师——王国瑞《针灸玉龙经》评析[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(05) :34-36
[17]刘炜宏,王德深.明代针灸著作总体特点述略[J].上海针灸杂志, 1987,(04):81-82
[18]黄龙祥.《琼瑶神书》考略[J].中华医史杂志,1999,29(1):19-20
[19]李磊.关于“按时刺灸”[A].2006全国时间生物医学学术会议论文集[C].2006:142-143
[20]李会敏,董尚普,邓国兴.窦默医著内容与版本考[J].河北中医,2002,24(05):392-293
[21]郭金杰.名同实异的两种飞腾八法[J].江西中医药, 2009,(01):52
[22]袁宜勤.徐凤的针灸学说探要[J].上海针灸杂志,2006,25,(12):49
[23]杨运宽,胡幼平.《金针赋》作者辨疑[J].针灸临床杂志, 2004,(08):53
[24]肖元春.《针灸集书》文献学[A].2009中国针灸文献专业委员会论文集[C].2009:57-60
[25]李鼎.《明代针灸家凌汉章著述略考》[J].上海针灸杂志,1982,(04):43-44
[26]温红岩.杨继洲及其《针灸大成》的学术思想浅析[J].江西中医学院学报,2008,20(4):39
[27]徐江雁,高希言.论《针方六集》的学术价值[J].中国医药学报, 2001,(02)
[28]李鼎.有担有截起沉疴——凌汉章的用穴和针法[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(11):39-40
[29]中医图书联合目录.中医研究院,1961
[1]针灸甲乙经.晋·皇甫谧
[2]备急千金要方.唐·孙思邈
[3]黄帝明堂灸经.唐
[4]铜人腧穴针灸图经.宋·王惟一
[5]铜人针灸经.宋·无名氏
[6]太平圣惠方九十九卷
[7]西方子明堂灸经.宋
[8]圣济总录.宋·赵信
[9]灸膏肓腧穴法.宋·庄绰
[10]琼瑶神书.宋·刘傥
[11]针灸资生经.宋·王执中
[12]扁鹊心书.宋·窦材
[13]备急灸法.宋·闻人耆年
[14]针经指南.金·窦汉卿
[15]子午流注针经.金·何若愚
[16]儒门事亲.元·张从正
[17]卫生宝鉴.元·罗天益
[18]针经节要.元·杜思敬
[19]针经摘英集.元·杜思敬
[20]扁鹊神应针灸玉龙经.元·王国瑞
[21]十四经发挥.元·滑寿
[22]丹溪心法.元·朱丹溪
[23]格致余论.元·朱丹溪
[24]普济方.明·朱棣(周定王)、滕硕、刘醇等
[25]医经小学.明·刘纯
[26]神应经.明·刘谨
[27]针灸大全.明·徐凤
[28]针灸择日编辑.明·金循义金义孙
[29]灵枢经脉翼.明·夏英
[30]外科发挥.明·薛己
[31]针灸聚英.明·高武
[32]针灸素难要旨.明·高武
[33]针灸问对.明·汪机
[34]杨敬斋针灸全书.明·陈言
[35]针方六集明·吴昆
[36]经络全书明·沈子禄徐师曾
[37]奇经八脉考明·李时珍
[38]经穴发明明·徐春甫
[39]针灸直指明·徐春甫
[40]针灸大成明·杨继洲
[41]针灸准绳明·王肯堂
[42]类经、类经图翼、类经附翼明·张介宾
[43]经络汇编明·翟良
[44]经络考明·张三锡
[45]循经考穴编明·佚名
[46]四海同春明·朱栋隆
[47]医宗金鉴·刺灸心法要诀.清·徐谦
[48]中西汇参铜人图说.清·刘钟衡
[49]经络歌诀.清·汪昂
[50]罗遗编.清·陈廷铨
[51]经络大全.清·周孔四
[52]经脉图考.清·陈惠寿
[53]凌门传授铜人指穴.清·作者不详
[54]考正穴法.清·王鋆
[55]神灸经论.清·吴亦鼎
[56]针灸易学.清·李守先
[57]针灸逢源李.清·李学川
[58]针灸内篇.清·江上外史
[59]针灸全生.清·释本圆
[60]针灸集成.清·廖润鸿
[61]考证周身穴法歌
[62]医经小学.清·刘纯
[63]医学入门.明·李梴
[64]秘传眼科龙木论
[65]审视瑶函.明·傅仁宇父子
[66]经验喉科紫珍集.
[67]重楼玉钥.清·郑梅涧
[2]施震编.针灸歌赋处方集解[M].南京:南京出版社,1989.
[3]李磊.针灸经络腑穴歌赋白话解[M].上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1996.
[5]施土生.针灸歌赋校释[M]太原:山西科学教育出版社,1987.
[4]蔡文,陈强.歌诀歌赋259首[M].北京:中国中医药出版社, 2004.
[5]王晓龙,史俊青.历代针灸经典歌赋详注[M].北京:北京学苑出版社, 2007 .
[6]董明强.针灸歌诀800首[M].北京:北京人民军医出版社,2004 .
[7]李磊.针灸歌赋选读.[M]上海:上海中医药大学出版社,1996
[8]李瑞.袖珍针灸歌赋[M].北京:北京科技出版社,2002.李杨.实用针灸歌赋[M].北京:北京化学工业出版社,2007
[9]沈霍夫.针灸歌赋源流考[J].江西中医药,1982(4):49李嘉,徐恒泽.
[10]金元明清针灸歌赋述要[J].南京中医药大学学报1997,13(6):359-360
[11]刘红菊.窦汉卿针灸二赋学术思想分析[J].甘肃中医2009,22(7):42徐春娟,陈荣,杨永寿.席弘、席弘学派与《席弘赋》[J].中国针灸2008,28(11):42
[12]杜杰.小议针灸歌赋中的补与泻[J].江西中医药2007,10(10):55
[13]武晓冬.古代针灸治疗歌赋腧穴主治探讨[J].中国针灸,2006,(26)5:381-384
[14]李鼎.何来歌诀马丹阳?——天星十一穴、十二穴的由来[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(03):29-31
[15]李鼎.此诀出自梓桑君——席弘学派及其针法[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(02) :1-4
[16]李鼎.此法传从窦太师——王国瑞《针灸玉龙经》评析[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(05) :34-36
[17]刘炜宏,王德深.明代针灸著作总体特点述略[J].上海针灸杂志, 1987,(04):81-82
[18]黄龙祥.《琼瑶神书》考略[J].中华医史杂志,1999,29(1):19-20
[19]李磊.关于“按时刺灸”[A].2006全国时间生物医学学术会议论文集[C].2006:142-143
[20]李会敏,董尚普,邓国兴.窦默医著内容与版本考[J].河北中医,2002,24(05):392-293
[21]郭金杰.名同实异的两种飞腾八法[J].江西中医药, 2009,(01):52
[22]袁宜勤.徐凤的针灸学说探要[J].上海针灸杂志,2006,25,(12):49
[23]杨运宽,胡幼平.《金针赋》作者辨疑[J].针灸临床杂志, 2004,(08):53
[24]肖元春.《针灸集书》文献学[A].2009中国针灸文献专业委员会论文集[C].2009:57-60
[25]李鼎.《明代针灸家凌汉章著述略考》[J].上海针灸杂志,1982,(04):43-44
[26]温红岩.杨继洲及其《针灸大成》的学术思想浅析[J].江西中医学院学报,2008,20(4):39
[27]徐江雁,高希言.论《针方六集》的学术价值[J].中国医药学报, 2001,(02)
[28]李鼎.有担有截起沉疴——凌汉章的用穴和针法[J].上海中医药杂志, 1993,(11):39-40
[29]中医图书联合目录.中医研究院,1961
[1]针灸甲乙经.晋·皇甫谧
[2]备急千金要方.唐·孙思邈
[3]黄帝明堂灸经.唐
[4]铜人腧穴针灸图经.宋·王惟一
[5]铜人针灸经.宋·无名氏
[6]太平圣惠方九十九卷
[7]西方子明堂灸经.宋
[8]圣济总录.宋·赵信
[9]灸膏肓腧穴法.宋·庄绰
[10]琼瑶神书.宋·刘傥
[11]针灸资生经.宋·王执中
[12]扁鹊心书.宋·窦材
[13]备急灸法.宋·闻人耆年
[14]针经指南.金·窦汉卿
[15]子午流注针经.金·何若愚
[16]儒门事亲.元·张从正
[17]卫生宝鉴.元·罗天益
[18]针经节要.元·杜思敬
[19]针经摘英集.元·杜思敬
[20]扁鹊神应针灸玉龙经.元·王国瑞
[21]十四经发挥.元·滑寿
[22]丹溪心法.元·朱丹溪
[23]格致余论.元·朱丹溪
[24]普济方.明·朱棣(周定王)、滕硕、刘醇等
[25]医经小学.明·刘纯
[26]神应经.明·刘谨
[27]针灸大全.明·徐凤
[28]针灸择日编辑.明·金循义金义孙
[29]灵枢经脉翼.明·夏英
[30]外科发挥.明·薛己
[31]针灸聚英.明·高武
[32]针灸素难要旨.明·高武
[33]针灸问对.明·汪机
[34]杨敬斋针灸全书.明·陈言
[35]针方六集明·吴昆
[36]经络全书明·沈子禄徐师曾
[37]奇经八脉考明·李时珍
[38]经穴发明明·徐春甫
[39]针灸直指明·徐春甫
[40]针灸大成明·杨继洲
[41]针灸准绳明·王肯堂
[42]类经、类经图翼、类经附翼明·张介宾
[43]经络汇编明·翟良
[44]经络考明·张三锡
[45]循经考穴编明·佚名
[46]四海同春明·朱栋隆
[47]医宗金鉴·刺灸心法要诀.清·徐谦
[48]中西汇参铜人图说.清·刘钟衡
[49]经络歌诀.清·汪昂
[50]罗遗编.清·陈廷铨
[51]经络大全.清·周孔四
[52]经脉图考.清·陈惠寿
[53]凌门传授铜人指穴.清·作者不详
[54]考正穴法.清·王鋆
[55]神灸经论.清·吴亦鼎
[56]针灸易学.清·李守先
[57]针灸逢源李.清·李学川
[58]针灸内篇.清·江上外史
[59]针灸全生.清·释本圆
[60]针灸集成.清·廖润鸿
[61]考证周身穴法歌
[62]医经小学.清·刘纯
[63]医学入门.明·李梴
[64]秘传眼科龙木论
[65]审视瑶函.明·傅仁宇父子
[66]经验喉科紫珍集.
[67]重楼玉钥.清·郑梅涧