倾斜磁各向异性自旋阀结构的稳定性分析和铁磁共振研究
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摘要
自旋转移效应不仅给出了一种使用自旋极化电流来调控薄膜磁性状态的新方法,而且预计将产生一批新型的电流驱动的纳米器件,因而受到了学术界和工业界的高度重视。本论文把电流驱动和倾斜磁各向异性自旋阀相结合,以Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS)方程为基础,系统地分析了倾斜磁各向异性自旋阀以及具有双钉扎层的自旋阀结构中自旋转移矩作用下磁性状态的稳定性,讨论了类场自旋转移矩对电流驱动的磁动力学的影响,研究了倾斜磁各向异性自旋阀结构中电流激发和调节的铁磁共振。研究的主要内容和结果如下：
1.分析了倾斜磁各向异性自旋阀结构中自旋转移矩作用下磁性状态的稳定性。使用稳定性分析方法,得到了由自旋转移矩大小和方向为控制参数的磁性相图。研究发现：钉扎层中的倾斜磁各向异性为改善自旋阀结构中电流驱动的磁矩翻转和微波振荡的效率提供了新的选择。当钉扎层磁矩方向在一定范围时,通过调节电流,可以实现磁矩准平行和准反平行的稳定态、磁矩伸出膜面的稳定态以及平面内的进动态和磁矩伸出平面的进动态。当钉扎层磁矩方向偏离薄膜平面较小时,磁矩容易发生翻转；而偏离较大时,磁矩进动容易发生。
2.对具有双钉扎层的自旋阀结构中自旋转移矩作用下磁性状态的稳定性进行了理论研究。获得了由双自旋转移矩的大小和方向为控制参数的磁性相图。通过求解微分方程,得到了每个磁性状态的磁矩演化图。研究结果表明：两钉扎层磁矩的相对取向对不同磁性状态之间的转化有很大的影响。选择不同方向的钉扎层磁矩结构,通过改变电流,可以实现磁矩在准平行和准反平行方向之间的翻转以及从稳定态到进动态之间的转换。当两钉扎层磁矩的方向反平行排列并且都在平面内时,实现磁矩翻转所需的电流最小。当两钉扎层磁矩方向反平行排列并且都垂直膜面的时候,实现磁矩进动态所需的电流最小。对于一些特定的双自旋阀结构,在静态和动态的磁性状态之间存在回滞现象。
3.选择自由层和钉扎层都具有垂直磁各向异性的多层膜为理论模型,研究了类场自旋转移矩对电流驱动的磁动力学的影响。推导出了实现磁矩翻转所需的临界电流的解析表达式,同时还获得了磁矩进动频率随电流、外磁场以及类场自旋转移矩的变化关系。发现磁矩的进动频率可以通过电流和外磁场来控制,类场自旋转移矩的出现可以改变磁矩翻转的临界电流和磁矩进动的频率
4.在没有考虑外磁场的情形下,研究了倾斜自旋极化器和垂直分析器自旋阀结构中电流激发和调节的铁磁共振。获得了自由层和钉扎层都具有任意各向异性的自旋阀结构中输出电压的表达式以及交流电流频率调节的铁磁共振谱。结果表明：全电流铁磁共振可通过调节交流电的频率来实现。通过改变直流电流密度和钉扎层磁矩的方向,可以调节共振位置和线宽。当直流电流密度和钉扎层磁矩方向控制在一定的范围时,可以使共振峰达到最大,也就是说共振线宽最小。因此,为了减小有效阻尼,更加容易地实现磁矩翻转和进动,我们可以适当地选择直流电流密度和钉扎层磁矩的方向。
Spin-transfer effects provide a new method of manipulating magnetization states by spin-polarized current, and is promising for developing a batch of novel current-driven nano-devices. So, it has drawn high attention in academia and industry. In this dissertation, on the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS) equation, we combine the current-driven and spin valve with tilted anisotropy. analyse the stability of magnetization states driven by spin-transfer torque in spin valve structure with tilted anisotropy and dual pinned layers structure, and discuss the effect of field-like spin-transfer torque on the current-driven magnetization dynamics. Meanwhile, we study the current-excited and adjusted ferromagnetic resonance(FMR) in spin valve structures with tilted anisotropy. The main research contents and results are given below:
1. We analyse the stability of magnetization states driven by spin-transfer torque in spin valve structure with titled anisotropy. The phase diagrams defined by the magnitude and direction of spin-transfer torque are obtained by using stability analysis method. Our results show that the tilted anisotropy in the pinned layer provides a new possible choice to optimize the magnetization reversal and precession driven by current in magnetic trilayers. With the pinned-layer magnetization oriented in a certain range, one can realize different magnetic states, such as quasi-parallel and quasi-antiparallel stable states, in-plane and out-of-plane precessions, and out-of-plane stable states by varying the current. We also find that the free-layer magnetization prefers reversal for small deviation of the fixed-layer magnetization from the film plane, while precession for big deviation.
2. We take stability analysis for the magnetization states driven by spin-transfer torque in spin valve with dual pinned layers theoretically. Magnetic phase diagrams are established under the control of the magnitude and direction of dual spin torques. The dynamic evolutions of magnetic states are demonstrated by solving differential equations numerically. The results suggest that the switching between different states is highly affected by the pinned-layer configurations. Selecting different pinned-layer configurations, the reversal between parallel and antiparallel orientations and the switching from stable states to precessional ones can be realized by increasing current. The reversal current is the lowest when the magnetization directions of two pinned layers are antiparallel and in the film plane. The threshold current for switching to out-of plane precession state is the lowest when the magnetization directions of two pinned layers are antiparallel and perpendicular to the film plane. For some pinned-layer configurations, there exists hysteretic switching between static and dynamic states.
3. Selecting magnetic trilayers with perpendicular anisotropy for both free and pinned layers as theoretical model, we study the effect of field-like spin-transfer torque on the current-driven magnetization dynamics. The analytical expression of switching current is derived. Meanwhile, we obtain the dependence of precession frequency on the current, external magnetic field and field-like spin-transfer torque. The results show that the precession frequency of magnetization can be controlled by the current and external magnetic field. The presence of field-like spin-transfer torque can change the switching current and precession frequency.
4. We investigate the current-excited and adjusted FMR in spin valve structure with a tilted polarizer and a perpendicular analyzer without external magnetic field. The analytical expression of the output dc voltage for arbitrary anisotropy in the free and pinned layers and the FMR spectra adjusted by ac frequency are derived. The results indicate that we can realize FMR throught adjusting the ac frequency without external magnetic field. The resonant location and linewidth can be adjusted by changing the pinned magnetization direction and the dc current density. In some regions defined by the dc current density and the pinned magnetization direction, the height of the resonant peak can reach maximum, i.e., resonance linewidth is smallest. To reduce the effective damping, we can appropriately select the current density and the direction of pinned magnetization.
1.分析了倾斜磁各向异性自旋阀结构中自旋转移矩作用下磁性状态的稳定性。使用稳定性分析方法,得到了由自旋转移矩大小和方向为控制参数的磁性相图。研究发现：钉扎层中的倾斜磁各向异性为改善自旋阀结构中电流驱动的磁矩翻转和微波振荡的效率提供了新的选择。当钉扎层磁矩方向在一定范围时,通过调节电流,可以实现磁矩准平行和准反平行的稳定态、磁矩伸出膜面的稳定态以及平面内的进动态和磁矩伸出平面的进动态。当钉扎层磁矩方向偏离薄膜平面较小时,磁矩容易发生翻转；而偏离较大时,磁矩进动容易发生。
2.对具有双钉扎层的自旋阀结构中自旋转移矩作用下磁性状态的稳定性进行了理论研究。获得了由双自旋转移矩的大小和方向为控制参数的磁性相图。通过求解微分方程,得到了每个磁性状态的磁矩演化图。研究结果表明：两钉扎层磁矩的相对取向对不同磁性状态之间的转化有很大的影响。选择不同方向的钉扎层磁矩结构,通过改变电流,可以实现磁矩在准平行和准反平行方向之间的翻转以及从稳定态到进动态之间的转换。当两钉扎层磁矩的方向反平行排列并且都在平面内时,实现磁矩翻转所需的电流最小。当两钉扎层磁矩方向反平行排列并且都垂直膜面的时候,实现磁矩进动态所需的电流最小。对于一些特定的双自旋阀结构,在静态和动态的磁性状态之间存在回滞现象。
3.选择自由层和钉扎层都具有垂直磁各向异性的多层膜为理论模型,研究了类场自旋转移矩对电流驱动的磁动力学的影响。推导出了实现磁矩翻转所需的临界电流的解析表达式,同时还获得了磁矩进动频率随电流、外磁场以及类场自旋转移矩的变化关系。发现磁矩的进动频率可以通过电流和外磁场来控制,类场自旋转移矩的出现可以改变磁矩翻转的临界电流和磁矩进动的频率
4.在没有考虑外磁场的情形下,研究了倾斜自旋极化器和垂直分析器自旋阀结构中电流激发和调节的铁磁共振。获得了自由层和钉扎层都具有任意各向异性的自旋阀结构中输出电压的表达式以及交流电流频率调节的铁磁共振谱。结果表明：全电流铁磁共振可通过调节交流电的频率来实现。通过改变直流电流密度和钉扎层磁矩的方向,可以调节共振位置和线宽。当直流电流密度和钉扎层磁矩方向控制在一定的范围时,可以使共振峰达到最大,也就是说共振线宽最小。因此,为了减小有效阻尼,更加容易地实现磁矩翻转和进动,我们可以适当地选择直流电流密度和钉扎层磁矩的方向。
Spin-transfer effects provide a new method of manipulating magnetization states by spin-polarized current, and is promising for developing a batch of novel current-driven nano-devices. So, it has drawn high attention in academia and industry. In this dissertation, on the basis of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski (LLGS) equation, we combine the current-driven and spin valve with tilted anisotropy. analyse the stability of magnetization states driven by spin-transfer torque in spin valve structure with tilted anisotropy and dual pinned layers structure, and discuss the effect of field-like spin-transfer torque on the current-driven magnetization dynamics. Meanwhile, we study the current-excited and adjusted ferromagnetic resonance(FMR) in spin valve structures with tilted anisotropy. The main research contents and results are given below:
1. We analyse the stability of magnetization states driven by spin-transfer torque in spin valve structure with titled anisotropy. The phase diagrams defined by the magnitude and direction of spin-transfer torque are obtained by using stability analysis method. Our results show that the tilted anisotropy in the pinned layer provides a new possible choice to optimize the magnetization reversal and precession driven by current in magnetic trilayers. With the pinned-layer magnetization oriented in a certain range, one can realize different magnetic states, such as quasi-parallel and quasi-antiparallel stable states, in-plane and out-of-plane precessions, and out-of-plane stable states by varying the current. We also find that the free-layer magnetization prefers reversal for small deviation of the fixed-layer magnetization from the film plane, while precession for big deviation.
2. We take stability analysis for the magnetization states driven by spin-transfer torque in spin valve with dual pinned layers theoretically. Magnetic phase diagrams are established under the control of the magnitude and direction of dual spin torques. The dynamic evolutions of magnetic states are demonstrated by solving differential equations numerically. The results suggest that the switching between different states is highly affected by the pinned-layer configurations. Selecting different pinned-layer configurations, the reversal between parallel and antiparallel orientations and the switching from stable states to precessional ones can be realized by increasing current. The reversal current is the lowest when the magnetization directions of two pinned layers are antiparallel and in the film plane. The threshold current for switching to out-of plane precession state is the lowest when the magnetization directions of two pinned layers are antiparallel and perpendicular to the film plane. For some pinned-layer configurations, there exists hysteretic switching between static and dynamic states.
3. Selecting magnetic trilayers with perpendicular anisotropy for both free and pinned layers as theoretical model, we study the effect of field-like spin-transfer torque on the current-driven magnetization dynamics. The analytical expression of switching current is derived. Meanwhile, we obtain the dependence of precession frequency on the current, external magnetic field and field-like spin-transfer torque. The results show that the precession frequency of magnetization can be controlled by the current and external magnetic field. The presence of field-like spin-transfer torque can change the switching current and precession frequency.
4. We investigate the current-excited and adjusted FMR in spin valve structure with a tilted polarizer and a perpendicular analyzer without external magnetic field. The analytical expression of the output dc voltage for arbitrary anisotropy in the free and pinned layers and the FMR spectra adjusted by ac frequency are derived. The results indicate that we can realize FMR throught adjusting the ac frequency without external magnetic field. The resonant location and linewidth can be adjusted by changing the pinned magnetization direction and the dc current density. In some regions defined by the dc current density and the pinned magnetization direction, the height of the resonant peak can reach maximum, i.e., resonance linewidth is smallest. To reduce the effective damping, we can appropriately select the current density and the direction of pinned magnetization.
引文
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