南黄海小型底栖生物群落结构与多样性的研究
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摘要
本文利用2004年1月在南黄海广大浅水海域28个站位与2003-2004年胶州湾B2站7个航次所采集的未受扰动的沉积物样品,对小型底栖生物栖息的沉积环境、小型底栖生物的丰度和生物量、自由生活海洋线虫群落结构、多样性和分类学进行了研究。同时还对青岛岩礁附植小型底栖动物的ATP含量进行了研究。结果表明,南黄海的沉积物类型以粉砂质粘土(TY)和砂-粉砂-粘土
(STY)为主。沉积物各特征参数之间具有显著的相关关系。在沉积物0-2、2-5cm和5-8cm中,叶绿素a(Chl-a)的平均含量分别为0.683±0.4,0.42±0.234和0.234±0.09 mg·kg~(-1)沉积物。脱镁叶绿酸a(Pha-a)的平均含量分别为2.09±1.14,1.25±0.667和0.837±0.51 mg·kg~(-1)沉积物。Chl-a和Pha-a的分布出现了南北两个高值区。沉积物中有机质的平均含量为1.236%±0.435%,其分布与Chl-a的分布基本一致。沉积物粒度是影响沉积物中Chl-a、Pha-a和有机质含量的主要因素。
共鉴定出自由生活线虫、底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类、双壳类、介形类、端足类、异足类、等足类、涟虫类、腹足类、腹毛类、海螨类、疣足幼体、蛇尾类、纽虫类、昆虫类、曳鳃动物、涡虫类和其它类等20个小型底栖动物类群,小型底栖动物的平均丰度为(1186.12±486.07)ind.10cm~(-2),其中海洋线虫占绝对优势,其平均丰度为(1063.97±469.98)ind.10cm~(-2),占小型动物总丰度的89.702%;其次是底栖桡足类,占4.193%。小型底栖动物的平均生物量和生产量分别是(1120.72±487.21)μg dwt 10cm~(-2)和(10086.49±4384.85)μg dwt 10cm~(-2) a~(-1)。与国内外其它海域的研究结果比较,南黄海小型底栖动物的丰度、生物量的数值与国内其它海域的数值接近,处在同一个数量级。
小型底栖动物的水平分布呈镶嵌式分布,沿岸站位小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量较高;垂直分布上,小型底栖动物分布于沉积物0-2、2-5cm和5-8cm的数量比例分别为74.33%、22.31%和3.36%。与环境因子相关分析表明,Chl-a的含量是影响小型底栖生物分布的主要因子。
南黄海28个站位共鉴定出自由生活线虫261种或分类实体,隶属于139属,
The sedimental environment, abundance and biomass of meiofauna, community structure and biodiversity and systematics of free living marine nematodes, were quantitatively studied at a grid of 28 stations during the cruise of investigation in the Southern Yellow Sea, China in January 2004 and also at B2 station sampling bimonthly from September 2003 to September 2004 in Jiaozhou Bay. Meanwhile, ATP content of the phytal meiofauna from the rocky intertidal zone in Qingdao was studied. The main results are as follows:
The sediment types of the sampling stations mainly belong to silt-clay (TY) and sand-silt-clay (STY) in the Southern Yellow Sea. Sediment characteristic parameters have significant correlations with each other. The average content of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in 0-2, 2-5cm and 5-8cm sediment are 0.683±0.4,0.42±0.234 and 0.234±0.09 mg·kg~(-1) sediment, respectively. The average content of phaeophorbide a (Pha-a) in 0-2, 2-5cm and 5-8cm sediment are 2.09±1.14,1.25±0.667和0.837±0.51 mg·kg~(-1) sediment, respectively. In terms of horizontal distribution, there are two higher peak values of Chl-a and Pha-a in southern part and northern part of the Southern Yellow Sea, respectively. The average content of organic matter is 1.236%±0.435%. Correlation analysis shows that sediment characteristic parameters are the main factors which affect the pigments content and organic matter content. A total of 20 groups of meiofauna in the Southern Yellow Sea: Nematoda, Copepoda, Polychaeta, Kinorhyncha, Bivalvia, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Cumacea, Gastropoda, Gastrotricha, Halacaroidea, nectochaeta, Amphiura, Nemertina, Insecta, Priapulida, Turbellaria and others were identified. Free living marine nematodes are the most dominant group, accounting for 89.702% of the abundance of meiofauna, with benthic harpacticoid copepods in the second, accounting for 4.193%. The mean abundance, biomass and production of meiofauna are (1186.12±486.07) ind.10cm~(-2), (1120.72±487.21)μg dwt 10cm~(-2) and (10086.49
(STY)为主。沉积物各特征参数之间具有显著的相关关系。在沉积物0-2、2-5cm和5-8cm中,叶绿素a(Chl-a)的平均含量分别为0.683±0.4,0.42±0.234和0.234±0.09 mg·kg~(-1)沉积物。脱镁叶绿酸a(Pha-a)的平均含量分别为2.09±1.14,1.25±0.667和0.837±0.51 mg·kg~(-1)沉积物。Chl-a和Pha-a的分布出现了南北两个高值区。沉积物中有机质的平均含量为1.236%±0.435%,其分布与Chl-a的分布基本一致。沉积物粒度是影响沉积物中Chl-a、Pha-a和有机质含量的主要因素。
共鉴定出自由生活线虫、底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类、双壳类、介形类、端足类、异足类、等足类、涟虫类、腹足类、腹毛类、海螨类、疣足幼体、蛇尾类、纽虫类、昆虫类、曳鳃动物、涡虫类和其它类等20个小型底栖动物类群,小型底栖动物的平均丰度为(1186.12±486.07)ind.10cm~(-2),其中海洋线虫占绝对优势,其平均丰度为(1063.97±469.98)ind.10cm~(-2),占小型动物总丰度的89.702%;其次是底栖桡足类,占4.193%。小型底栖动物的平均生物量和生产量分别是(1120.72±487.21)μg dwt 10cm~(-2)和(10086.49±4384.85)μg dwt 10cm~(-2) a~(-1)。与国内外其它海域的研究结果比较,南黄海小型底栖动物的丰度、生物量的数值与国内其它海域的数值接近,处在同一个数量级。
小型底栖动物的水平分布呈镶嵌式分布,沿岸站位小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量较高;垂直分布上,小型底栖动物分布于沉积物0-2、2-5cm和5-8cm的数量比例分别为74.33%、22.31%和3.36%。与环境因子相关分析表明,Chl-a的含量是影响小型底栖生物分布的主要因子。
南黄海28个站位共鉴定出自由生活线虫261种或分类实体,隶属于139属,
The sedimental environment, abundance and biomass of meiofauna, community structure and biodiversity and systematics of free living marine nematodes, were quantitatively studied at a grid of 28 stations during the cruise of investigation in the Southern Yellow Sea, China in January 2004 and also at B2 station sampling bimonthly from September 2003 to September 2004 in Jiaozhou Bay. Meanwhile, ATP content of the phytal meiofauna from the rocky intertidal zone in Qingdao was studied. The main results are as follows:
The sediment types of the sampling stations mainly belong to silt-clay (TY) and sand-silt-clay (STY) in the Southern Yellow Sea. Sediment characteristic parameters have significant correlations with each other. The average content of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) in 0-2, 2-5cm and 5-8cm sediment are 0.683±0.4,0.42±0.234 and 0.234±0.09 mg·kg~(-1) sediment, respectively. The average content of phaeophorbide a (Pha-a) in 0-2, 2-5cm and 5-8cm sediment are 2.09±1.14,1.25±0.667和0.837±0.51 mg·kg~(-1) sediment, respectively. In terms of horizontal distribution, there are two higher peak values of Chl-a and Pha-a in southern part and northern part of the Southern Yellow Sea, respectively. The average content of organic matter is 1.236%±0.435%. Correlation analysis shows that sediment characteristic parameters are the main factors which affect the pigments content and organic matter content. A total of 20 groups of meiofauna in the Southern Yellow Sea: Nematoda, Copepoda, Polychaeta, Kinorhyncha, Bivalvia, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Cumacea, Gastropoda, Gastrotricha, Halacaroidea, nectochaeta, Amphiura, Nemertina, Insecta, Priapulida, Turbellaria and others were identified. Free living marine nematodes are the most dominant group, accounting for 89.702% of the abundance of meiofauna, with benthic harpacticoid copepods in the second, accounting for 4.193%. The mean abundance, biomass and production of meiofauna are (1186.12±486.07) ind.10cm~(-2), (1120.72±487.21)μg dwt 10cm~(-2) and (10086.49
引文
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张艳,张志南,邓可等. 青岛岩礁附植小型底栖动物 ATP 含量的研究. 中国海洋大学学报,2005, 35(5):799-806.
张志南,党宏月,于子山.青岛湾有机质污染带小型底栖动物群落的研究.青岛海洋大学学报,1993,23(1):83-91
张志南,谷峰,于子山.黄河口水下三角洲海洋线虫空间分布的研究.海洋与湖沼,1990,21(1):11-19.
张志南,李永贵,图立红,于子山.黄河口水下三角洲及其邻近水域小型底栖动物的初步研究.海洋与湖沼,1989,20(3):197-208.
张志南,林岿旋,周红等.东黄海春秋季小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量.生态学报,2004,24(5):997-1005.
张志南,林霞,于子山.大连石槽岩滩附植小型动物的初步研究.青岛海洋大学学报,1994,24(3):373-382.
张志南,刘晓收,Guy Boucher 等.底栖生物生产力现场测试系统的建立及其初步实验结果.中国海洋大学学报,2005, 35(2):277-282
张志南,慕芳红,于子山等.南黄海鳀鱼产卵场小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量. 青岛海洋大学学报,2002,32(2):251-258.
张志南,钱国珍. 小型底栖生物取样方法的研究. 海洋湖沼通报,1990,4:37-42.
张志南,周红,郭玉清等.黄河口水下三角洲及其邻近水域线虫群落结构的比较研究.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(4):436-444.
张志南,周红,慕芳红.渤海线虫群落的多样性及中型模型分析.生态学报,2001,21(11)1808-1814.
张志南,周红,于子山等.黄河口水下三角洲海洋线虫空间分布的研究.海洋与湖沼,1990,21(1):11-19.
张志南,周红,于子山等.胶州湾小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量.海洋与湖沼,2001,32(2):139-147.
张志南,周红.国际小型底栖动物研究的某些进展.中国海洋大学学报,2004, 34(5):799-806.
张志南,周红.自由生活海洋线虫的系统分类学.青岛海洋大学学报,2003, 33(6):891-900.
张志南. 中国海域 81 种自由生活海洋线虫,见:中国海洋生物种类与分布,黄宗国主编,北京,海洋出版社, 1994: 334-338.
张志南.秦皇岛砂滩海洋线虫的数量研究.青岛海洋大学学报,1991,21(1):63-75.
张志南.水层-底栖耦合生态动力学研究的某些进展.青岛海洋大学学报,2000,30(1):115-122
张志南.小型底栖动物调查,海洋调查规范(国家标准)海洋生物调查第六篇, 国家标准局出版社,1975.
张志南.小型底栖动物调查,海洋调查规范(国家标准)海洋生物调查第六篇, 国家标准局出版社,1991.
赵晶, Westheide W,吴宝铃.黄海小型砂间多毛类异触手属一新种.海洋与湖沼,1991,22(4):304-308.
赵晶,弗.韦斯特德,吴宝铃.黄海砂间小型多毛类微目属一新种(多毛类:海女虫科).动物分类学报,1993,18(1):1-4.
赵晶,吴宝铃.黄海小型砂间多毛类海女虫科初步研究.黄渤海海洋,10(2):36-41.
周红,张志南.大型多元统计软件 PRIMER 的方法原理及其在底栖群落生态学中的应用.青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(1):58-64.
朱建荣,丁平兴等.黄海、东海夏季环流的数值模拟.海洋学报,2002-2003,24(supp):123-133.