政府竞争力综合评价及其应用研究
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摘要
在公共环境日益复杂多变的今天，地方政府间竞争，无论是在欧美国家还是在我国，都是客观存在的。随着中国经济体制改革的不断深入，以及政治体制改革的推进，特别是地方分权和财政体制改革后，地方政府拥有了更多的自主权。这使得地方政府的利益膨胀、扩张，于是地方政府之间的竞争愈演愈烈，政府竞争的问题越来越受到广泛的关注，政府竞争力问题的研究也越来越广泛。
首先，本文从不同的角度对政府竞争力的理论进行概述，介绍了政府竞争力的内涵及特征，并把政府竞争力与企业竞争力、城市竞争力等相关概念进行比较区分，最后介绍了政府竞争力的影响因素及其构成，为政府竞争力评价指标的选取奠定了理论基础。
其次，介绍了政府竞争力评价指标体系建立的原则，从理论上为研究政府竞争力综合评价提出依据，构造了政府竞争力综合评价指标体系，并确定了各个评价指标的评价标准。
再次，论文运用层次分析法确定评价指标体系中各评价指标的权重，并采用灰色聚类分析法作为政府竞争力综合评价的方法，构建了政府竞争力综合评价模型，为论文接下来对政府竞争力的综合评价活动提供了评价标准。
最后，为全面检验评价模型将其应用于河北省。首先介绍了河北省概况，并根据建立的政府竞争力综合评价指标体系，运用灰色聚类分析方法对河北省政府竞争力进行综合评价，并对评价结果进行分析。根据其存在的问题和不足，对河北省政府竞争力的提升提出相关切实可行的对策和建议。
Today, under the complex changes of public environment, competition among localgovernments, no matter in European and American countries or in China, is an objectivephenomenon. With the continuously deep reform of China's economic system and thepromotion of political system reform, especially after the decentralization and the fiscalsystem reform, local governments have more autonomy. All of these make the interests oflocal governments expand, and then the competition between local governments becomeintensified, also the competition is more and more to be extensively concerned. So theresearch on government competitiveness is also more and more extensively.
First of all, the paper makes a summary of the government competitiveness theoryfrom different angles. It introduces the connotation and characteristics of governmentcompetitiveness, and also compares government competitiveness with enterprisecompetitiveness, urban competitiveness and other related concepts. It introducesinfluencing factors and composition of government competitiveness, so it lays theoreticalfoundation for selecting the government competitiveness evaluation index.
Secondly, the paper introduces the principles of the government competitivenessevaluation index system and offers a theoretical basis for research on governmentcompetitiveness comprehensive evaluation. The paper constructs a governmentcompetitiveness comprehensive evaluation index system, and also it confirms theevaluation criterions for various evaluation indexes.
Moreover, the paper uses the AHP to determine the weight of each evaluation indexin evaluation index system, and takes the gray cluster method as governmentcompetitiveness comprehensive evaluation method. This paper establishes a model forgovernment competitiveness comprehensive evaluation and provides a standard for thefollowing evaluation activities of government competitiveness.
Finally, for inspecting the evaluation model, the paper takes Hebei province as anexample. First, it makes an introduction of Hebei Province, and then based on establishedcomprehensive evaluation index system of government competitiveness, using the gray cluster method, it evaluates Hebei Provincial government competitiveness and analysesthe evaluation result. According to the existing problems and shortcomings, this papergives the practical countermeasures and suggestions for enhancing Hebei Provincialgovernment competitiveness.
首先，本文从不同的角度对政府竞争力的理论进行概述，介绍了政府竞争力的内涵及特征，并把政府竞争力与企业竞争力、城市竞争力等相关概念进行比较区分，最后介绍了政府竞争力的影响因素及其构成，为政府竞争力评价指标的选取奠定了理论基础。
其次，介绍了政府竞争力评价指标体系建立的原则，从理论上为研究政府竞争力综合评价提出依据，构造了政府竞争力综合评价指标体系，并确定了各个评价指标的评价标准。
再次，论文运用层次分析法确定评价指标体系中各评价指标的权重，并采用灰色聚类分析法作为政府竞争力综合评价的方法，构建了政府竞争力综合评价模型，为论文接下来对政府竞争力的综合评价活动提供了评价标准。
最后，为全面检验评价模型将其应用于河北省。首先介绍了河北省概况，并根据建立的政府竞争力综合评价指标体系，运用灰色聚类分析方法对河北省政府竞争力进行综合评价，并对评价结果进行分析。根据其存在的问题和不足，对河北省政府竞争力的提升提出相关切实可行的对策和建议。
Today, under the complex changes of public environment, competition among localgovernments, no matter in European and American countries or in China, is an objectivephenomenon. With the continuously deep reform of China's economic system and thepromotion of political system reform, especially after the decentralization and the fiscalsystem reform, local governments have more autonomy. All of these make the interests oflocal governments expand, and then the competition between local governments becomeintensified, also the competition is more and more to be extensively concerned. So theresearch on government competitiveness is also more and more extensively.
First of all, the paper makes a summary of the government competitiveness theoryfrom different angles. It introduces the connotation and characteristics of governmentcompetitiveness, and also compares government competitiveness with enterprisecompetitiveness, urban competitiveness and other related concepts. It introducesinfluencing factors and composition of government competitiveness, so it lays theoreticalfoundation for selecting the government competitiveness evaluation index.
Secondly, the paper introduces the principles of the government competitivenessevaluation index system and offers a theoretical basis for research on governmentcompetitiveness comprehensive evaluation. The paper constructs a governmentcompetitiveness comprehensive evaluation index system, and also it confirms theevaluation criterions for various evaluation indexes.
Moreover, the paper uses the AHP to determine the weight of each evaluation indexin evaluation index system, and takes the gray cluster method as governmentcompetitiveness comprehensive evaluation method. This paper establishes a model forgovernment competitiveness comprehensive evaluation and provides a standard for thefollowing evaluation activities of government competitiveness.
Finally, for inspecting the evaluation model, the paper takes Hebei province as anexample. First, it makes an introduction of Hebei Province, and then based on establishedcomprehensive evaluation index system of government competitiveness, using the gray cluster method, it evaluates Hebei Provincial government competitiveness and analysesthe evaluation result. According to the existing problems and shortcomings, this papergives the practical countermeasures and suggestions for enhancing Hebei Provincialgovernment competitiveness.
引文
[1]刘华兴.中国地方政府竞争力问题研究——从地方政府横向间的竞争态势因素分析[J].湖北经济学院学报(人文社会科学版),2010,(6):43-44.
[2]陈飞燕.中国西部地方政府竞争力提升研究[D].陕西:西北大学,2007:11-12.
[3] Adam Smith. The wealth of nations[M]. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press,2009:118.
[4] F.A.Hayek. The political order of a free people[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,2006:244-255.
[5] Douglass C.North. Structure and change in economic history[M]. England: Cambridge UniversityPress,2007:152.
[6] Douglass C.North.. Understanding the Process of Economic Change[M]. New Jersey: PrincetonUniversity Press,2010:208.
[7] Demsetz. Economic, legal, and political dimensions of competition[M]. Amsterdam:North-Holland,2002:125.
[8]斯蒂格利茨.政府为什么干预经济[M].郑秉文,译.北京:中国物资出版社,2008:100.
[9]斯蒂格利茨.政府经济学[M].北京:春秋出版社,2008:133.
[10] Michael Porter. The competitive advantage of nations[M]. California: Free Press,2004:68.
[11] Joseph E. Stiglitz,Charles Mills Tiebout. The theory of local public goods twenty-five years afterTiebout: a perspective[J]. National Bureau of Economic Research,2005,(945):36.
[12] Wolfgang Kasper, Manfred E. Streit. Institutional economics: social order and public policy[M].England: Edward Elgar Publishing,2000:124.
[13] Albert Breton. Governing the environment: salient institutional issues[M]. Toronto: University ofToronto press,2009:262.
[14]何梦笔.政府竞争.大国体制转型理论的分析范式[A]. NTAS项目(编号96/0076)研究报告中译本,维腾大学,2000:5.
[15] International Management Development(IMD). The World Competitiveness Yearbook.1998.
[16]赵彦云.中国国际竞争力发展报告（2001）——21世纪发展主题研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001:17.
[17]彼得.K.康纳利斯,迈克尔.E.波特,克劳斯.施瓦布等.世界经济论坛2002-2003年全球竞争力报告[R].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:14.
[18] James Simmie,Peter Wood. Innovation and Competitive Cities in the Global Economy:Introduction to the Special Issue[J].European Planning Studies,2002,(2):10.
[19] World Economic Forum(WEF). The Global CompetitivenessReport[R].1998.
[20]罗向菲.解读政府竞争力[J].学理论,2010,(2):24-27.
[21]杨成虎.论电子政务与政府竞争力的关系[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2006,21(3):59-64.
[22]孙宛永.论全球化时代的政府竞争力[J].广东省社会主义学院学报,2003,(4):8-9.
[23]吴玉鸣.中国区域工业竞争力的银子分析及非均衡差异研究[J].华东师范大学学报(社科版),2002,(5):6-7.
[24]孙燕.增强我省各级地方政府竞争力的思考[N].河北经济日报,2003-07-18,(7).
[25]陈文烈.浅议经济全球化下的政府竞争力[J].青海师专学报(教育科学),2004,(1):14-17.
[26]刘锡田.中国地方政府竞争的制度基础与创新[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2004,(12):8-10.
[27]季建林.地方政府竞争力构成要素评析[J].云南行政学院学报,2003,(5):24-26.
[28]王作成.政府竞争力:打造中原崛起的“龙头”[N].大河报,2005-01-09,(1).
[29]闫大卫.从地方政府竞争的内涵看地方政府竞争力的测度方法[J].生产力研究,2006,(8):117-119.
[30]陈伟雄.区域政府作用竞争力研究——以福建省为例[J].综合竞争力,2010,(1):70-75.
[31]陈晓芳.中国省域政府竞争力量化测定研究[J].沈阳师范大学学报(社科版),2009,(6):39-41.
[32] Geoffrey F. Segal. Making Florida's government competitive[J]. James Madison Institute,2005:4-5.
[33] Steve R. Osborne. Winning Government Business: Gaining the Competitive Advantage[J].Management Concepts,2002,(12):54-55.
[34] Daniel Hernandez. Loeal government performance measurement[J]. Public Management,2002,(84):9.
[35]周苹.浅谈高校创新教育评价指标体系的权重设置[J].新一代(下半月),2010:23-25.
[36]王永刚.一种基于改进灰色聚类分析的综合评价方法[J].中国民航大学学报,2010,(1):57-60.
[37]王金水.经济全球化张力与中国政府竞争力提升的战略分析[J].政治学研究,2009,(6):38-44.
[38]刘超,胡伟.地方政府竞争力的要素分析[J].前沿,2007,(2):138-140.
[39]温桂珍,唐荣伟.浅析经济全球化时代我国政府竞争力的表现形式[J].商业文化,2008,(9):291-292.
[40]林耀谦.政府在构建城市竞争力过程中的作用[D].福建:厦门大学,2006:24.
[41]陈明.贵阳城市经济圈行政协调研究[D].贵州:贵州大学,2008:35.
[42]廖奕翔,张建辉.区域政府竞争力理论研究[J].法制与社会,2009,(5):198.
[43]任维德.地方政府之间的竞争及其竞争力提升[J].内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,37(2):3-9.
[44]徐春辉,杨路明.电子政务提升政府竞争力的机理研究[J].商业时代,2007,(10):76-77.
[45]邹贤启.政府软资源竞争战略[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2011,(1):75-76.
[46]赵光影.灰色聚类法在地表水环境质量评价中的应用[J].北方环境,2005,(2):22.
[2]陈飞燕.中国西部地方政府竞争力提升研究[D].陕西:西北大学,2007:11-12.
[3] Adam Smith. The wealth of nations[M]. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press,2009:118.
[4] F.A.Hayek. The political order of a free people[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,2006:244-255.
[5] Douglass C.North. Structure and change in economic history[M]. England: Cambridge UniversityPress,2007:152.
[6] Douglass C.North.. Understanding the Process of Economic Change[M]. New Jersey: PrincetonUniversity Press,2010:208.
[7] Demsetz. Economic, legal, and political dimensions of competition[M]. Amsterdam:North-Holland,2002:125.
[8]斯蒂格利茨.政府为什么干预经济[M].郑秉文,译.北京:中国物资出版社,2008:100.
[9]斯蒂格利茨.政府经济学[M].北京:春秋出版社,2008:133.
[10] Michael Porter. The competitive advantage of nations[M]. California: Free Press,2004:68.
[11] Joseph E. Stiglitz,Charles Mills Tiebout. The theory of local public goods twenty-five years afterTiebout: a perspective[J]. National Bureau of Economic Research,2005,(945):36.
[12] Wolfgang Kasper, Manfred E. Streit. Institutional economics: social order and public policy[M].England: Edward Elgar Publishing,2000:124.
[13] Albert Breton. Governing the environment: salient institutional issues[M]. Toronto: University ofToronto press,2009:262.
[14]何梦笔.政府竞争.大国体制转型理论的分析范式[A]. NTAS项目(编号96/0076)研究报告中译本,维腾大学,2000:5.
[15] International Management Development(IMD). The World Competitiveness Yearbook.1998.
[16]赵彦云.中国国际竞争力发展报告（2001）——21世纪发展主题研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001:17.
[17]彼得.K.康纳利斯,迈克尔.E.波特,克劳斯.施瓦布等.世界经济论坛2002-2003年全球竞争力报告[R].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:14.
[18] James Simmie,Peter Wood. Innovation and Competitive Cities in the Global Economy:Introduction to the Special Issue[J].European Planning Studies,2002,(2):10.
[19] World Economic Forum(WEF). The Global CompetitivenessReport[R].1998.
[20]罗向菲.解读政府竞争力[J].学理论,2010,(2):24-27.
[21]杨成虎.论电子政务与政府竞争力的关系[J].北京机械工业学院学报,2006,21(3):59-64.
[22]孙宛永.论全球化时代的政府竞争力[J].广东省社会主义学院学报,2003,(4):8-9.
[23]吴玉鸣.中国区域工业竞争力的银子分析及非均衡差异研究[J].华东师范大学学报(社科版),2002,(5):6-7.
[24]孙燕.增强我省各级地方政府竞争力的思考[N].河北经济日报,2003-07-18,(7).
[25]陈文烈.浅议经济全球化下的政府竞争力[J].青海师专学报(教育科学),2004,(1):14-17.
[26]刘锡田.中国地方政府竞争的制度基础与创新[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2004,(12):8-10.
[27]季建林.地方政府竞争力构成要素评析[J].云南行政学院学报,2003,(5):24-26.
[28]王作成.政府竞争力:打造中原崛起的“龙头”[N].大河报,2005-01-09,(1).
[29]闫大卫.从地方政府竞争的内涵看地方政府竞争力的测度方法[J].生产力研究,2006,(8):117-119.
[30]陈伟雄.区域政府作用竞争力研究——以福建省为例[J].综合竞争力,2010,(1):70-75.
[31]陈晓芳.中国省域政府竞争力量化测定研究[J].沈阳师范大学学报(社科版),2009,(6):39-41.
[32] Geoffrey F. Segal. Making Florida's government competitive[J]. James Madison Institute,2005:4-5.
[33] Steve R. Osborne. Winning Government Business: Gaining the Competitive Advantage[J].Management Concepts,2002,(12):54-55.
[34] Daniel Hernandez. Loeal government performance measurement[J]. Public Management,2002,(84):9.
[35]周苹.浅谈高校创新教育评价指标体系的权重设置[J].新一代(下半月),2010:23-25.
[36]王永刚.一种基于改进灰色聚类分析的综合评价方法[J].中国民航大学学报,2010,(1):57-60.
[37]王金水.经济全球化张力与中国政府竞争力提升的战略分析[J].政治学研究,2009,(6):38-44.
[38]刘超,胡伟.地方政府竞争力的要素分析[J].前沿,2007,(2):138-140.
[39]温桂珍,唐荣伟.浅析经济全球化时代我国政府竞争力的表现形式[J].商业文化,2008,(9):291-292.
[40]林耀谦.政府在构建城市竞争力过程中的作用[D].福建:厦门大学,2006:24.
[41]陈明.贵阳城市经济圈行政协调研究[D].贵州:贵州大学,2008:35.
[42]廖奕翔,张建辉.区域政府竞争力理论研究[J].法制与社会,2009,(5):198.
[43]任维德.地方政府之间的竞争及其竞争力提升[J].内蒙古大学学报(人文社会科学版),2005,37(2):3-9.
[44]徐春辉,杨路明.电子政务提升政府竞争力的机理研究[J].商业时代,2007,(10):76-77.
[45]邹贤启.政府软资源竞争战略[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2011,(1):75-76.
[46]赵光影.灰色聚类法在地表水环境质量评价中的应用[J].北方环境,2005,(2):22.