带时间窗的公路快速货运轴辐式网络设计研究
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摘要
近些年,经济社会的快速发展,市场需求的与日俱增,催生了公路快速货运行业尤其是零担快运行业的蓬勃兴起,国内公路快运企业的数量也在不断增多,随之而来的是企业间的竞争日趋激烈。归根结底,竞争的实质有两个方面：降低企业运输成本,提高企业的服务质量。这样,如何构建一个高效、合理的营运网络,既能有效降低运输成本,减轻企业的经济负担,又能为客户提供良好的服务,赢得客户的信赖和满意就显得相当得重要。
轴辐式网络源于车轮的轴辐式结构,最早应用于航空系统并且取得了良好的经济效益。该网络可以有效整合物流资源、降低运输成本、提高物流资源的利用效率,对于货物来源不确定性强、时效性要求较高的公路快速货运行业来说,也十分适合。
传统的轴辐式货运网络中,每个货运站必须与枢纽站连接,即必须经过枢纽站的转运才能到达目的货运站。在一些特殊情况下,如两个货运站间货物流量较大、距离较短、时间紧迫等,传统的轴辐式网络就显得有些难以适应。为此,本文在传统轴辐式网络中加入了直达线路,情况特殊时,货运站可不经过枢纽站的转运直接将货物运抵目的货运站。同时为了保证服务质量,确保时效性,文中特地加入了时间窗限制,这不仅减少了货物的转运次数,而且也保证了货物能在规定的时间范围内到达收货人手中。本文构建了带有时间窗的混合轴辐式网络模型,采用Lingo软件对其正确性进行了检验,并利用遗传算法对模型进行求解。求解结果表明：本文构建的网络在确保时效性的前提下,能够最大限度地节约运输成本。
The rapid development of economy and society and the increasing market demands have spawned the road express freight, especially less-than-one carloads industry's booming rise, recently. The number of domestic road express enterprises has been growing, followed by the increasing fierce competition between enterprises. In the final analysis, the essence of competition has two aspects:lowering enterprises'transportation cost and improving service level. So, it's quite important to build an efficient and appropriate operation network, which can effectively decrease transportation costs, reduce the economic burden of enterprises, and can provide good service to win customers'trust and satisfaction.
Hub-and-spoke network originates from the wheel's hub-and-spoke structure, which was used in aviation system in the beginning and achieved good economic benefit. This kind of network can effectively integrate logistics resources, reduce the transportation cost and improve efficiency of logistics resource utilization. It's also suitable for road express industry with timeliness demands, whose goods sources have high uncertainty.
In the traditional hub-and-spoke freight network, every freight station must connect with the hub, namely goods can't reach purpose without the hub's transfer. In some special circumstances, such as goods flow is bigger between two stations, distance is shorter, time is pressing and so on, the traditional hub-and-spoke network is difficult to adapt.
Therefore, direct routes are added to the traditional hub-and-spoke network in my paper, and the freight station can transport goods to the purpose freight station without the hub's transfer in special circumstances. The paper adds time windows limit in order to guarantee the quality of service and timeliness. It not only reduces the number of transfer, but also guarantees that the goods can arrive to the consignee within the stipulated time. The paper proposes a hybrid hub-and-spoke network model with time windows, and adopts Lingo software to test its accurateness, using the genetic algorithm for its solution. The results show that the network model proposed can maximize the transportation cost saving under the premise of timeliness.
轴辐式网络源于车轮的轴辐式结构,最早应用于航空系统并且取得了良好的经济效益。该网络可以有效整合物流资源、降低运输成本、提高物流资源的利用效率,对于货物来源不确定性强、时效性要求较高的公路快速货运行业来说,也十分适合。
传统的轴辐式货运网络中,每个货运站必须与枢纽站连接,即必须经过枢纽站的转运才能到达目的货运站。在一些特殊情况下,如两个货运站间货物流量较大、距离较短、时间紧迫等,传统的轴辐式网络就显得有些难以适应。为此,本文在传统轴辐式网络中加入了直达线路,情况特殊时,货运站可不经过枢纽站的转运直接将货物运抵目的货运站。同时为了保证服务质量,确保时效性,文中特地加入了时间窗限制,这不仅减少了货物的转运次数,而且也保证了货物能在规定的时间范围内到达收货人手中。本文构建了带有时间窗的混合轴辐式网络模型,采用Lingo软件对其正确性进行了检验,并利用遗传算法对模型进行求解。求解结果表明：本文构建的网络在确保时效性的前提下,能够最大限度地节约运输成本。
The rapid development of economy and society and the increasing market demands have spawned the road express freight, especially less-than-one carloads industry's booming rise, recently. The number of domestic road express enterprises has been growing, followed by the increasing fierce competition between enterprises. In the final analysis, the essence of competition has two aspects:lowering enterprises'transportation cost and improving service level. So, it's quite important to build an efficient and appropriate operation network, which can effectively decrease transportation costs, reduce the economic burden of enterprises, and can provide good service to win customers'trust and satisfaction.
Hub-and-spoke network originates from the wheel's hub-and-spoke structure, which was used in aviation system in the beginning and achieved good economic benefit. This kind of network can effectively integrate logistics resources, reduce the transportation cost and improve efficiency of logistics resource utilization. It's also suitable for road express industry with timeliness demands, whose goods sources have high uncertainty.
In the traditional hub-and-spoke freight network, every freight station must connect with the hub, namely goods can't reach purpose without the hub's transfer. In some special circumstances, such as goods flow is bigger between two stations, distance is shorter, time is pressing and so on, the traditional hub-and-spoke network is difficult to adapt.
Therefore, direct routes are added to the traditional hub-and-spoke network in my paper, and the freight station can transport goods to the purpose freight station without the hub's transfer in special circumstances. The paper adds time windows limit in order to guarantee the quality of service and timeliness. It not only reduces the number of transfer, but also guarantees that the goods can arrive to the consignee within the stipulated time. The paper proposes a hybrid hub-and-spoke network model with time windows, and adopts Lingo software to test its accurateness, using the genetic algorithm for its solution. The results show that the network model proposed can maximize the transportation cost saving under the premise of timeliness.
引文
[1]蔡星.剖析电子商务在我国经济发展中的地位[J].中国商贸,2009,(01)：105-106
[2]翁克瑞,杨超.顺应潮流的轴辐式物流网络[J].物流技术,2006,(7)：15-16
[3]施晓岚,许宗桢,郭晓汾.基于轴辐式结构的应急物资动态调度网络研究[J].技术与方法,2008,27(9)：87-90
[4]张志哲,杨俊琴,杨东援.时效物流网络规划研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(12)：152-156
[5]张世翔,霍佳震.基于轴辐式网络模型的长三角地区城市群物流配送体系规划研究[J].管理学报,2005,(2)：194-199
[6]崔小燕,李旭宏,毛海军,等.无容量约束单分配轴-辐式物流网络设计[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,(10)：175-180
[7]安娜.格兰多里编,刘刚等译.企业网络：组织和产业竞争力[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005：1-96
[8]彭涛,杭文.我国公路快速货运发展的切入点.现代交通科技[J].2006,(1)：64-68
[9]马天山,何朝平.道路快速货运组织方式[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2005,25(3)：62-64
[10]崔书堂.发展淮安道路快速货运系统的研究[D].西安：长安大学,2008
[11]刘宝碇,赵瑞清.随机规划与模糊规划[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：15-25
[12]解可新,韩健,林友联.最优化方法[M].天津：天津大学出版社,1996：305-314
[13]刘沛.轴辐式快速货运网络规划研究[D].山东：山东大学,2007
[14]Current, J; Pirkul H. The hierarchical network design problem with transshipment facilities[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1991, Vol.51:338-345
[15]Aykin T. Networking policies for hub-and-spoke systems with application to the air transportation systems[J]. Transportation Science,1995.Vol.29:201-221
[16]Devang Bhalchandra Dave. Patterns of Freight Flow and Design of a Less-than-Truckload Distribution Network[D]. Georgia Institute of Technology. May,2004,
[17]Adler, Nicole. Smilowitz, Karen. Hub-and-spoke network alliances and mergers: Price-location competition in the airline industry[J]. Transportation Research Part B 2007,Vol.41:394-400
[18]张宏伟,牛志广.LING08.0及其在环境系统优化中的应用[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2005：1-80
[19]谢金昌,薛毅.优化建模与LINDO/LINGO软件[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.7：1-36
[20]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.1：1-38
[21]Hande Yaman, Bahar Y. Kara, BarbarosC. Tansel. The latest arrival hub location problem for cargo delivery systems with stopovers[J]. Transportation Research Part B,2007, Vol.41:908-918
[22]Seung-Ju Jeong, Chi-Guhn Lee, James H. Bookbinder. The European freight railway system as a hub-and-spoke network[J]. Transportation Research Part A,2007, Vol.41:523-535
[23]Chaug-Ing Hsu, Yu-Ping Hsieh. Derect versus terminal routing on a maritime hub-and-spoke container network[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Technology,2005, Vol.13:209-216
[24]Zepfel, Gunther, Wasner, Michael. Planning and optimization of hub-and-spoke transportation networks of cooperation third-party logistics providers [J]. International Journal of Production Econamics,2002,Vol.78:207-220
[25]刘沛,刘超.基于遗传算法的轴辐式物流网络设计研究[J].技术与方法,2009,(28)：101-103
[26]贺爱民,荷兰道路运输企业在货物运输成本方面的的计算[J].综合运输,1996,(2)：39-40
[27]李阳,轴辐式网络理论及应用研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2006
[28]金凤君,王成金.轴辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模型构筑[J].地理研究,2005,24(5)：774-783
[29]Z.米凯利维茨著,周家驹,何险峰译.演化程序——遗传算法和数据编码的结合[M].北京：科学出版社,2000：1-17
[30]Oum Tae Hoor, Zhang Anming, Zhang Yimin. A note on optimal pricing in a hub-and-spoke system[J],Transportation Research Part B,1996, Vol.30:11-18
[31]朱旭,李换琴,籍万新MATLAB软件与基础数学实验[M].西安：西安交通大学,2008：1-70
[32]董振海.精通MATLAB7编程与数据库应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007：1-73
[33]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1999：1-90
[34]Morton E 0'Kelly. A geographer's analysis of hub-and-spoke networks[J], Journal of Transport Geography,1998, Vol.6:171-172
[35]王国才.基于产品差异化理论的网络产品竞争研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2005
[36]钟鸣.2000年日本智能交通系统新进展[J].全球经济瞭望,2001,(2)：62
[37]汪超,杨东援.美国货运业管制历程对我国物流业市场管理的启示[J].公路交通科 技,2002,(19)：121-124
[38]张健,吴耀华,刘沛,王艳艳.公路快速货运复合轴辐式网络规划分析[J].山东大学学报,2008,(38)： 6-9
[39]R. S. de Camargo, G. Miranda Jr, R. P. M. Ferreira, et al. Multiple allocation hub-and-spoke network design under hub congestion[J]. Computers & Operations Research,2009, Vol.36:3097-3105
[40]薛志伟.中国日报[EB/OL], http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/hqcj/zxqxb/2011-01-19/content_1604520. html,2011-01-19
[2]翁克瑞,杨超.顺应潮流的轴辐式物流网络[J].物流技术,2006,(7)：15-16
[3]施晓岚,许宗桢,郭晓汾.基于轴辐式结构的应急物资动态调度网络研究[J].技术与方法,2008,27(9)：87-90
[4]张志哲,杨俊琴,杨东援.时效物流网络规划研究[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(12)：152-156
[5]张世翔,霍佳震.基于轴辐式网络模型的长三角地区城市群物流配送体系规划研究[J].管理学报,2005,(2)：194-199
[6]崔小燕,李旭宏,毛海军,等.无容量约束单分配轴-辐式物流网络设计[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,(10)：175-180
[7]安娜.格兰多里编,刘刚等译.企业网络：组织和产业竞争力[M],北京：中国人民大学出版社,2005：1-96
[8]彭涛,杭文.我国公路快速货运发展的切入点.现代交通科技[J].2006,(1)：64-68
[9]马天山,何朝平.道路快速货运组织方式[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版)[J].2005,25(3)：62-64
[10]崔书堂.发展淮安道路快速货运系统的研究[D].西安：长安大学,2008
[11]刘宝碇,赵瑞清.随机规划与模糊规划[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2004：15-25
[12]解可新,韩健,林友联.最优化方法[M].天津：天津大学出版社,1996：305-314
[13]刘沛.轴辐式快速货运网络规划研究[D].山东：山东大学,2007
[14]Current, J; Pirkul H. The hierarchical network design problem with transshipment facilities[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1991, Vol.51:338-345
[15]Aykin T. Networking policies for hub-and-spoke systems with application to the air transportation systems[J]. Transportation Science,1995.Vol.29:201-221
[16]Devang Bhalchandra Dave. Patterns of Freight Flow and Design of a Less-than-Truckload Distribution Network[D]. Georgia Institute of Technology. May,2004,
[17]Adler, Nicole. Smilowitz, Karen. Hub-and-spoke network alliances and mergers: Price-location competition in the airline industry[J]. Transportation Research Part B 2007,Vol.41:394-400
[18]张宏伟,牛志广.LING08.0及其在环境系统优化中的应用[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2005：1-80
[19]谢金昌,薛毅.优化建模与LINDO/LINGO软件[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.7：1-36
[20]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002.1：1-38
[21]Hande Yaman, Bahar Y. Kara, BarbarosC. Tansel. The latest arrival hub location problem for cargo delivery systems with stopovers[J]. Transportation Research Part B,2007, Vol.41:908-918
[22]Seung-Ju Jeong, Chi-Guhn Lee, James H. Bookbinder. The European freight railway system as a hub-and-spoke network[J]. Transportation Research Part A,2007, Vol.41:523-535
[23]Chaug-Ing Hsu, Yu-Ping Hsieh. Derect versus terminal routing on a maritime hub-and-spoke container network[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Technology,2005, Vol.13:209-216
[24]Zepfel, Gunther, Wasner, Michael. Planning and optimization of hub-and-spoke transportation networks of cooperation third-party logistics providers [J]. International Journal of Production Econamics,2002,Vol.78:207-220
[25]刘沛,刘超.基于遗传算法的轴辐式物流网络设计研究[J].技术与方法,2009,(28)：101-103
[26]贺爱民,荷兰道路运输企业在货物运输成本方面的的计算[J].综合运输,1996,(2)：39-40
[27]李阳,轴辐式网络理论及应用研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2006
[28]金凤君,王成金.轴辐侍服理念下的中国航空网络模型构筑[J].地理研究,2005,24(5)：774-783
[29]Z.米凯利维茨著,周家驹,何险峰译.演化程序——遗传算法和数据编码的结合[M].北京：科学出版社,2000：1-17
[30]Oum Tae Hoor, Zhang Anming, Zhang Yimin. A note on optimal pricing in a hub-and-spoke system[J],Transportation Research Part B,1996, Vol.30:11-18
[31]朱旭,李换琴,籍万新MATLAB软件与基础数学实验[M].西安：西安交通大学,2008：1-70
[32]董振海.精通MATLAB7编程与数据库应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2007：1-73
[33]周明,孙树栋.遗传算法原理及应用[M].北京：国防工业出版社,1999：1-90
[34]Morton E 0'Kelly. A geographer's analysis of hub-and-spoke networks[J], Journal of Transport Geography,1998, Vol.6:171-172
[35]王国才.基于产品差异化理论的网络产品竞争研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2005
[36]钟鸣.2000年日本智能交通系统新进展[J].全球经济瞭望,2001,(2)：62
[37]汪超,杨东援.美国货运业管制历程对我国物流业市场管理的启示[J].公路交通科 技,2002,(19)：121-124
[38]张健,吴耀华,刘沛,王艳艳.公路快速货运复合轴辐式网络规划分析[J].山东大学学报,2008,(38)： 6-9
[39]R. S. de Camargo, G. Miranda Jr, R. P. M. Ferreira, et al. Multiple allocation hub-and-spoke network design under hub congestion[J]. Computers & Operations Research,2009, Vol.36:3097-3105
[40]薛志伟.中国日报[EB/OL], http://www. chinadaily. com. cn/hqcj/zxqxb/2011-01-19/content_1604520. html,2011-01-19