藏獒血液蛋白遗传多样性的研究
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摘要
本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(PAGE)，对河曲藏獒(n=44)、青海藏獒(n=42)、青海藏狮犬(n=5)和青海土种犬(n=12)共4个群体的103只犬的血红蛋白(Hb)、运铁蛋白(Tf)、慢-α_2-球蛋白(Sα_2)、白蛋白(Alb)、后白蛋白(Po)、前白蛋白(Pr)、脂酶(Es-1和Es-2)和淀粉酶(Amy)等血液蛋白基因座的多态性进行了研究，结果表明，在四个被测犬群中，Tf、Sα_2、Po、Es-1和Es-2五个基因座上存在多态性，其中Tf和Po分别由3个等位基因所控制，Sα_2和Es-2分别由2个等位基因所控制，Es-1位点上出现Es-1~A，、Es-1~B、Es-1~C和Es-1~D4个等位基因，而Hb、Alb、Pr和Amy基因座均呈现单态。从9个血液蛋白位点的Nei氏平均基因杂合度(H)所估计的群体内遗传变异来看，藏獒的群体内遗传变异相对较大(0.2723)，而普通犬群体则较小(0.2160)。对河曲藏獒和青海藏獒群体间遗传分化程度的分析结果表明，藏獒群体内的平均基因多样度(Hs)为0.2722，总群体的基因多样度(HT)为0.2772，群体间的基因多样度(D_(ST))为0.0052，群体间的基因分化系数(G_(ST))为0.0187，说明藏獒群体中血液蛋白的遗传变异只有1.87％是由群体间的差异所致，而其余的98.13％则是来自群体内的遗传变异，这一结果表明河曲藏獒与青海藏獒群体间的遗传分化程度较低。并且，其根据欧氏遗传距离用非加权算术平均数聚类法(UPGMA)对藏獒和世界上其它犬种的聚类结果表明，藏獒具有与我国其它犬种、日本犬种、韩国京都犬、西班牙犬种以及比格犬等欧洲犬种不同的起源。
Study on Genetic Diversity of Tibetan Mastiff Based on the Blood Protein Polymorphisms
Presented by Lan Xiaoping
Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
Supervised by
Associate Prof. Cui Taibao
Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
A total of 103 blood samples was taken from four populations of Hequ Tibetan Mastiff, Qinghai Tibetan Mastiff, Qinghai Tibetan KyiApso and native dogs of Qinghai and analyzed on the blood protein polymorphisms by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Genetic variations were observed in Tf, S a ,, Po, Es-1 and Es-2. There were three alleles at the loci of Tf and Po, two alleles at the loci of S a 2 and Es-2, genetic variations of Es-1 is controlled by four alleles. The degree of genetic variability estimated by Nei's expected average heterozygosity for the 9 blood protein loci was relatively higher in Tibetan Mastiff (0.2723) than that in native dogs (0.2160). The average genetic diversities within Tibetan Mastiff populations (//$) and in the total Tibetan Mastiff (Hj) population are 27.22% and 27.72%, respectively. The average genetic diversity between Tibetan Mastiff populations (Z>sr) is 0.0052. The genetic differentiation of total Tibetan Mastiff population (GST) is 0.0187, which indicated that there is less variation (1.87%) among Tibetan Mastiff populations and the genetic differentiation is very limited between Tibetan Mastiff populations. Furthermore, A dendrogram was constructed by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA)based on Eucledean genetic distances among the populations. It is suggested that the Tibetan Mastiff descended from different origins of dogs from other Chinese breeds, Japanese dog breeds, Spanish dog breeds, Korean Jindo and Beagles.
Study on Genetic Diversity of Tibetan Mastiff Based on the Blood Protein Polymorphisms
Presented by Lan Xiaoping
Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
Supervised by
Associate Prof. Cui Taibao
Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
A total of 103 blood samples was taken from four populations of Hequ Tibetan Mastiff, Qinghai Tibetan Mastiff, Qinghai Tibetan KyiApso and native dogs of Qinghai and analyzed on the blood protein polymorphisms by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Genetic variations were observed in Tf, S a ,, Po, Es-1 and Es-2. There were three alleles at the loci of Tf and Po, two alleles at the loci of S a 2 and Es-2, genetic variations of Es-1 is controlled by four alleles. The degree of genetic variability estimated by Nei's expected average heterozygosity for the 9 blood protein loci was relatively higher in Tibetan Mastiff (0.2723) than that in native dogs (0.2160). The average genetic diversities within Tibetan Mastiff populations (//$) and in the total Tibetan Mastiff (Hj) population are 27.22% and 27.72%, respectively. The average genetic diversity between Tibetan Mastiff populations (Z>sr) is 0.0052. The genetic differentiation of total Tibetan Mastiff population (GST) is 0.0187, which indicated that there is less variation (1.87%) among Tibetan Mastiff populations and the genetic differentiation is very limited between Tibetan Mastiff populations. Furthermore, A dendrogram was constructed by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean(UPGMA)based on Eucledean genetic distances among the populations. It is suggested that the Tibetan Mastiff descended from different origins of dogs from other Chinese breeds, Japanese dog breeds, Spanish dog breeds, Korean Jindo and Beagles.
引文
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[2] 北京农业大学主编，1989．动物生物化学实验指导．北京：中国农业出版社．
[3] 晁生玉．1997．青海藏獒血液蛋白质和红细胞钾浓度多态性的研究．动物医学进展，18(4)：29—32．
[4] 晁生玉．1998．青海藏獒血液蛋白质多态性的初步研究．畜牧与兽医，30(2)：55—56．
[5] 晁生玉，陈加英．1998．德令哈藏獒15项血液生化指标测定．青海畜牧兽医杂志，28(1)：6-7．
[6] 晁生玉．2000．藏獒血液乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱的电泳研究．青海畜牧兽医杂志，30(5)：15-16．
[7] 崔泰保，兰小平，杨俊年．2001．河曲藏獒生长发育的研究．甘肃农业大学学报，36(4)：379-382．
[8] 崔泰保．2002．河曲藏獒育种核心群选育的研究．甘肃畜牧兽医，32(2)：3-5．
[9] DYY-Ⅲ系列多用途电泳槽使用手册．北京六一仪器厂．
[10] 范薇，黄孝龙．1995．藏獒血液学及血液生物化学反映．中国养犬杂志，6(4)：3-4．
[11] 范薇，王忠东，陶元清．1997．青海省野生动物实验动物化研究进展．实验动物科学与管理，14(4)：60—63．
[12] 郭尧君编著．1999．蛋白质电泳实验技术．北京：科学出版社。
[13] 根井正利著．1975(王家玉译，1983)．分子群体遗传学与进化论．北京：农业出版社，121—201．
[14] 黄孝龙，王忠东．1996．藏獒的饲养繁殖极其生物学特性．实验动物科学与管理，13(1)：9-14．
[15] 蒋志刚，马克平，韩兴国．1997．保护生物学．浙江科学技术出版社．
[16] 解影编．1999．宠物狗饲养．长春：延边人民出版社．
[17] 李动，尼玛才让，李小成等．2000．果洛藏獒血清蛋白质指标的测定．畜牧与兽医，32(1)：11-12．
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[19] 刘增耀．1993．西藏獒犬极其特征．中国养犬杂志，4(2)：18-19．
[20] 刘国世，刘志平，孔瑾．1999．西藏獒犬的精子超微结构观察．黑龙江动物繁殖，7(2)：3-7．
[21] 卢龙斗，常重杰．1996．遗传学实验技术．北京：中国科学技术出版社，257-259．
[22] 马海明．1999．兰州大尾羊血液蛋白遗传多样性的研究．甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文．
[23] 沈同，王镜岩，赵邦悌等．1990．生物化学(上)．高等教育出版社，181-192．
[24] 陶世信．2001．甘肃牦牛血液蛋白遗传多样性的研究．甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文．
[25] 涂正超．1993．血液蛋白多态性在牛种质特征研究中的应用．黄牛杂志，65(4)：42—43。
[26] 王振山，历卫宏，李建成．2000．中国纯血马血红蛋白多态性的遗传分析．黑龙江畜牧兽医，7：3-4．
[27] 王逢科．1990．中国神犬-藏獒．中国养犬杂志，(2)：41-42．
[28] 汪时荃，马振中，王绥芳．1988．滩羊血红蛋白分布的地区差异．畜牧兽医学报，19(2)：95—98．
[29] 王占奎，朱明弟．1998．浅谈藏獒危机的原因分析及对测．中国养犬杂志，9(4)：5-7．
[30] 王亚馥，戴灼华主编．1996．遗传学．北京：高等教育出版社．
[31] 王彦芳．2001．甘肃黑猪合成系的蛋白质多态性和酶活性极其与生产性能关系的研究．甘肃农业大学硕士学位论文．
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