煤炭企业组织创新的演化分析
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摘要
当今世界,创新日益成为企业获取和保持竞争优势的关键因素。企业组织创新是企业创新系统的重要组成部分,企业通过组织创新创造良好的组织结构、行为规则和文化氛围。目前我国有数量极为庞大的煤炭企业,一套适宜的组织模式体系对更合理的开发利用资源、保护环境、安全生产和构建和谐社会具有十分重要的意义。煤炭企业组织创新系统是一个动态的开放性系统,现有的对煤炭企业组织创新的研究多是从管理理论的角度来静态探讨的,缺少对煤炭企业组织创新行为的产生和过程从动态的视角进行分析。演化经济学通过借鉴生物进化论和自然科学诸多领域的研究成果来分析经济现象,伴随着演化经济学的发展,有关组织创新理论的研究也逐渐成为热点,大量的理论被相继提出。这些理论研究的成果,对揭示和分析煤炭企业组织创新动因、以及创新的过程具有重大价值。
本文拟在演化范式的理论框架下研究煤炭企业组织创新问题,在综合分析国内外学者关于演化理论和企业组织创新研究的基础上,引入演化博弈论对煤炭企业组织创新的影响因素、各因素的作用机制进行了较为深入的分析。并对山西焦煤西山煤电集团组织创新的演化过程进行了案例分析,提出适合煤炭企业组织创新的政策建议。
1.构建了煤炭企业组织创新的演化分析框架。将煤炭企业组织创新作为一个开放的系统进行了重新定义,分析了煤炭企业组织创新行为遗传、变异、选择的全过程,并建立了煤炭企业组织创新的演化分析理论模型。
2.通过对煤炭企业组织创新动力机制和阻力机制的分析,提出了煤炭企业组织创新能力的概念,并对影响煤炭企业组织创新能力的因素进行了较为系统的分析。
3.运用演化博弈论对煤炭企业组织创新过程中各因素的作用机制、企业间关系、演化的时间以及企业与政府间关系进行分析,指出了煤炭企业组织创新的一般规律和演化方向,并就促进煤炭企业组织创新推动煤炭企业组织形式向效率更高,与环境适应度更高方向演化提出了政策建议。
4.选取山西焦煤西山煤电集团作为案例,通过分析西山煤电集团组织创新的演化过程中自身组织创新能力的变化和环境因素变化对企业组织创新行为的影响,提出了煤炭企业今后组织创新的方向和进一步提升煤炭企业组织创新能力的建议。
Nowadays, innovation is increasingly becoming enterprise to access and maintain a key competitive advantage. Organizational innovation is an important part of innovation systems, organizational innovation by creating a good organizational structure, conduct rules and culture, which becomes a business innovation key to success. In our country there are a very large number of coal enterprises. And a suitable organizational model system to develop a more rational use of resources, environmental protection, safety and building a harmonious society is very important. Coal business organization is a dynamic and open system. Existing organizations for innovation of coal enterprises are mostly from the perspective of management theory to explore the static, lacking of organizational innovation behavior of coal production and the process from a dynamic perspective analysis. By drawing on biological evolution and the natural sciences in various fields of research results, evolutionary economics studies the economic phenomena. Accompanied by the development of evolutionary economics, the theory of organizational innovation has become a hot spot. Having a large number of theories has been proposed, the results of these theoretical are of great value to study and analysis reveals the organization innovation motivation, and the process of innovation.
This paper is to take further study on the problem of coal enterprises in the framework of paradigmatic evolution of the theoretical organizational innovation. By the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the evolution of innovation theory and research organization, and analyzing the process of organizational innovation and variation, selection, maintaining the dynamic evolutionary process, the paper is taking a more in-depth analysis on the impact of coal enterprises organizational innovation factors with the theory of the evolutionary game theory. Meanwhile, the innovation path for the organization of coal enterprises can be found by analyzing the evolution of organizational innovation process of Xishan Coal Electricity Group.
1. An analytical framework of the coal enterprises innovation is constructed. And organizational Innovation to coal was redefined as an open decency. By the research of affecting factors and affecting mechanism of organizational innovation, the analysis is taken about the whole process of the coal enterprises organizational innovation behavior of inheritance, variation and selection. Then a theoretical model of organizational innovational innovation in the evolution of coal enterprises is established.
2. Through the analysis of power mechanism and the resistance mechanism of the organizational innovation in coal enterprises, the conception of organizational innovation is proposed. And a more systematic analysis on organizational innovational capability of coal enterprises is taken.
3. Using evolutionary game theory, the action mechanism of various factors organization of coal enterprises in the innovation process, inter-firm relations, the evolution of time and the relationship between business and government were analyzed and propose the general rules of organization and evolution of innovation orientation. Then some policy recommendations are found on the promotion of more efficient to the organizational form and more adaptable to the environment.
4. Xishan Coal Electricity Group is selected as a case. By analyzing the changes of organizational innovation ability and the effects on the behavior of organizational innovation that caused by environmental factors in the evolution process of organizational innovation of Xishan Coal Electricity Group, some suggestions about the future organizational innovation direction and methods of enhancing the innovation capability are proposed.
本文拟在演化范式的理论框架下研究煤炭企业组织创新问题,在综合分析国内外学者关于演化理论和企业组织创新研究的基础上,引入演化博弈论对煤炭企业组织创新的影响因素、各因素的作用机制进行了较为深入的分析。并对山西焦煤西山煤电集团组织创新的演化过程进行了案例分析,提出适合煤炭企业组织创新的政策建议。
1.构建了煤炭企业组织创新的演化分析框架。将煤炭企业组织创新作为一个开放的系统进行了重新定义,分析了煤炭企业组织创新行为遗传、变异、选择的全过程,并建立了煤炭企业组织创新的演化分析理论模型。
2.通过对煤炭企业组织创新动力机制和阻力机制的分析,提出了煤炭企业组织创新能力的概念,并对影响煤炭企业组织创新能力的因素进行了较为系统的分析。
3.运用演化博弈论对煤炭企业组织创新过程中各因素的作用机制、企业间关系、演化的时间以及企业与政府间关系进行分析,指出了煤炭企业组织创新的一般规律和演化方向,并就促进煤炭企业组织创新推动煤炭企业组织形式向效率更高,与环境适应度更高方向演化提出了政策建议。
4.选取山西焦煤西山煤电集团作为案例,通过分析西山煤电集团组织创新的演化过程中自身组织创新能力的变化和环境因素变化对企业组织创新行为的影响,提出了煤炭企业今后组织创新的方向和进一步提升煤炭企业组织创新能力的建议。
Nowadays, innovation is increasingly becoming enterprise to access and maintain a key competitive advantage. Organizational innovation is an important part of innovation systems, organizational innovation by creating a good organizational structure, conduct rules and culture, which becomes a business innovation key to success. In our country there are a very large number of coal enterprises. And a suitable organizational model system to develop a more rational use of resources, environmental protection, safety and building a harmonious society is very important. Coal business organization is a dynamic and open system. Existing organizations for innovation of coal enterprises are mostly from the perspective of management theory to explore the static, lacking of organizational innovation behavior of coal production and the process from a dynamic perspective analysis. By drawing on biological evolution and the natural sciences in various fields of research results, evolutionary economics studies the economic phenomena. Accompanied by the development of evolutionary economics, the theory of organizational innovation has become a hot spot. Having a large number of theories has been proposed, the results of these theoretical are of great value to study and analysis reveals the organization innovation motivation, and the process of innovation.
This paper is to take further study on the problem of coal enterprises in the framework of paradigmatic evolution of the theoretical organizational innovation. By the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the evolution of innovation theory and research organization, and analyzing the process of organizational innovation and variation, selection, maintaining the dynamic evolutionary process, the paper is taking a more in-depth analysis on the impact of coal enterprises organizational innovation factors with the theory of the evolutionary game theory. Meanwhile, the innovation path for the organization of coal enterprises can be found by analyzing the evolution of organizational innovation process of Xishan Coal Electricity Group.
1. An analytical framework of the coal enterprises innovation is constructed. And organizational Innovation to coal was redefined as an open decency. By the research of affecting factors and affecting mechanism of organizational innovation, the analysis is taken about the whole process of the coal enterprises organizational innovation behavior of inheritance, variation and selection. Then a theoretical model of organizational innovational innovation in the evolution of coal enterprises is established.
2. Through the analysis of power mechanism and the resistance mechanism of the organizational innovation in coal enterprises, the conception of organizational innovation is proposed. And a more systematic analysis on organizational innovational capability of coal enterprises is taken.
3. Using evolutionary game theory, the action mechanism of various factors organization of coal enterprises in the innovation process, inter-firm relations, the evolution of time and the relationship between business and government were analyzed and propose the general rules of organization and evolution of innovation orientation. Then some policy recommendations are found on the promotion of more efficient to the organizational form and more adaptable to the environment.
4. Xishan Coal Electricity Group is selected as a case. By analyzing the changes of organizational innovation ability and the effects on the behavior of organizational innovation that caused by environmental factors in the evolution process of organizational innovation of Xishan Coal Electricity Group, some suggestions about the future organizational innovation direction and methods of enhancing the innovation capability are proposed.
引文
1 Carroll. G. R.. Hannan. M. T.. Organizations in Industry:strategy. structure. and selection. New York. Oxford University press.1995.56.
Penrose Edith.1995/1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York, Oxford University Press,2002. 78.
弗雷德·维斯通.兼并、重组与公司控制.北京.经济科学出版社.1998,18.
Robert A.Burgelman技术与创新的战略管理.北京.机械工业出版社.1998.76.
谢识予.经济博弈论.上海,复旦大学出版社.2002,67.
高由晟.经济学中的分析方法,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2001.93.
谢识予.经济博弈论,复旦大学出版社.2002.73.
葛新权,王国成.博弈实验进展.北京.社会科学文献出版社,2008,5.204-212.
Young. P. and Foster. D. (1990):Stochstic evolutionary game dynamics. Journal of theoretical biology.38.219-232.
Ellison.G. (2000):Basins of attraction, long-run stochastic stability, an the speed of step-by-step evolution. Review of economic studies.67,17-45.
资料来源：西山煤电集团有限责任公司网站.
张炳义.山西西山煤电集团公司组织结构变革研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文,18-25.
资料来源：西山煤电集团有限责任公司网站.
资料来源：西山煤电集团有限责任公司网站.
张炳义,山西西山煤电集团公司组织结构变革研究,西安理工大学硕士学位论文,30-34.
[1]Hannan.M.T.,Freeman.J.H. The population ecology of organization,American Journal of Sociology,1977,82,929-964.
[2]I.Grattan-Guinness.Joseph Fourier and the Revolution inMathematical Physics.Journal oftheInstitute ofMathematics andItsAppli-cations,1969,5,230-253.
[3]Teece, D.J., Pisano, G.the Dynamie Ca Pabilities of Firm:AnIntroduetion, IndustrialandCorporateChange,1994,3,537-555.
[4]Teece, D.J., Pisano, Gand Shuen, A..Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management.Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,509-533.
[5]Eisenhardt, K.M., Martin, M., Dynamicea Pabilities:whatarethey.Strategie Management Journal,2000,21,10.
[6]Zollo, M., WinterS.G, Deliberate learning and the Evolution of Dynamic capabilities. Organization Seienee,2002,13,339-351.
[7]Zott.C..Dynamic capabilities and the Emergence of Intra-Industry diffirencial Firm Performance:insights from asimulation.Strategic Management Journal,2003,24, 97-112.
[8]P.N.Subba Narasimha strategy in Turbulent Environments:The Role of Dynamic Compertence.Managerial And Decision Economics Manage.Dects.Econ.2001,22, 201-202.
[9]董俊武,黄江圳,陈震红.基于知识的动态能力演化模型研究[J]中国工业经济,2004,2,77-85.
[10]Feldman, M.S., Brian T.Pentland. Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flex ibility and change.Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48, 94-118.
[11]Nelson R R, Winter S GAn Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.Cambridge, Harvard University Press,1982,69-73.
[12]Giddens, A.The constitution of society.Berkeley, CA, University of California Press,1984,124-137.
[13]Mike Bresnen, Anna Goussevskaia. Jacky Swan.Organizational routines, situated learning and processes of change in project-based organizations.Project Management Journal,2005,36,27—42.
[14]Feldman Martha S, Pentland Brian T.Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,2003, 48:94—118.
[15]Prescott E. C.Visscher and M.Organization Capital Journal of Political Economy, 1980,75-84.
[16]Tomer.J F.Organizational Capital, Praegar Publishers,1987,42-47.
[17]翁君奕.企业组织资本理论：组织激励与协调的博弈分析.北京,经济科学出版社,1999,36-40.
[18]张钢.人力资本、组织资本与组织创新.科学学研究,2000,11,72-73.
[19]邓向荣.企业组织创新动因的经济学思考.生产力研究,2006,9,227-228.
[20]李斌.组织资本：组织创新动因的经济分析.商场现代化,2005,29,129-130.
[21]李刚.企业组织结构创新的机理与方法研究.武汉理工大学博士论文,2007,39.
[22]张钢.企业组织创新的内在逻辑过程研究——兼论组织创新的策略与管理.科学管理研究,2000,5,17-20.
[23]刘坤荣.企业组织结构创新研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文,2008,21.
Penrose Edith.1995/1959. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. New York, Oxford University Press,2002. 78.
弗雷德·维斯通.兼并、重组与公司控制.北京.经济科学出版社.1998,18.
Robert A.Burgelman技术与创新的战略管理.北京.机械工业出版社.1998.76.
谢识予.经济博弈论.上海,复旦大学出版社.2002,67.
高由晟.经济学中的分析方法,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2001.93.
谢识予.经济博弈论,复旦大学出版社.2002.73.
葛新权,王国成.博弈实验进展.北京.社会科学文献出版社,2008,5.204-212.
Young. P. and Foster. D. (1990):Stochstic evolutionary game dynamics. Journal of theoretical biology.38.219-232.
Ellison.G. (2000):Basins of attraction, long-run stochastic stability, an the speed of step-by-step evolution. Review of economic studies.67,17-45.
资料来源：西山煤电集团有限责任公司网站.
张炳义.山西西山煤电集团公司组织结构变革研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文,18-25.
资料来源：西山煤电集团有限责任公司网站.
资料来源：西山煤电集团有限责任公司网站.
张炳义,山西西山煤电集团公司组织结构变革研究,西安理工大学硕士学位论文,30-34.
[1]Hannan.M.T.,Freeman.J.H. The population ecology of organization,American Journal of Sociology,1977,82,929-964.
[2]I.Grattan-Guinness.Joseph Fourier and the Revolution inMathematical Physics.Journal oftheInstitute ofMathematics andItsAppli-cations,1969,5,230-253.
[3]Teece, D.J., Pisano, G.the Dynamie Ca Pabilities of Firm:AnIntroduetion, IndustrialandCorporateChange,1994,3,537-555.
[4]Teece, D.J., Pisano, Gand Shuen, A..Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management.Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,509-533.
[5]Eisenhardt, K.M., Martin, M., Dynamicea Pabilities:whatarethey.Strategie Management Journal,2000,21,10.
[6]Zollo, M., WinterS.G, Deliberate learning and the Evolution of Dynamic capabilities. Organization Seienee,2002,13,339-351.
[7]Zott.C..Dynamic capabilities and the Emergence of Intra-Industry diffirencial Firm Performance:insights from asimulation.Strategic Management Journal,2003,24, 97-112.
[8]P.N.Subba Narasimha strategy in Turbulent Environments:The Role of Dynamic Compertence.Managerial And Decision Economics Manage.Dects.Econ.2001,22, 201-202.
[9]董俊武,黄江圳,陈震红.基于知识的动态能力演化模型研究[J]中国工业经济,2004,2,77-85.
[10]Feldman, M.S., Brian T.Pentland. Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flex ibility and change.Administrative Science Quarterly,2003,48, 94-118.
[11]Nelson R R, Winter S GAn Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.Cambridge, Harvard University Press,1982,69-73.
[12]Giddens, A.The constitution of society.Berkeley, CA, University of California Press,1984,124-137.
[13]Mike Bresnen, Anna Goussevskaia. Jacky Swan.Organizational routines, situated learning and processes of change in project-based organizations.Project Management Journal,2005,36,27—42.
[14]Feldman Martha S, Pentland Brian T.Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change. Administrative Science Quarterly,2003, 48:94—118.
[15]Prescott E. C.Visscher and M.Organization Capital Journal of Political Economy, 1980,75-84.
[16]Tomer.J F.Organizational Capital, Praegar Publishers,1987,42-47.
[17]翁君奕.企业组织资本理论：组织激励与协调的博弈分析.北京,经济科学出版社,1999,36-40.
[18]张钢.人力资本、组织资本与组织创新.科学学研究,2000,11,72-73.
[19]邓向荣.企业组织创新动因的经济学思考.生产力研究,2006,9,227-228.
[20]李斌.组织资本：组织创新动因的经济分析.商场现代化,2005,29,129-130.
[21]李刚.企业组织结构创新的机理与方法研究.武汉理工大学博士论文,2007,39.
[22]张钢.企业组织创新的内在逻辑过程研究——兼论组织创新的策略与管理.科学管理研究,2000,5,17-20.
[23]刘坤荣.企业组织结构创新研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文,2008,21.