挣值理论在汽车生产企业项目采购管理中的应用研究
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摘要
伴随着汽车产业的全球化,中国汽车生产企业面临了巨大的机遇和挑战。为了能够迅速而有效地开发产品,汽车生产企业的项目采购管理必须在对采购成本进行有效控制的同时,确保供应商的开发进度满足项目要求。本文试图运用挣值理论来优化项目采购管理的成本和进度管理。
文章首先对挣值理论的背景、内容、方法等进行了研究,总结并确定了挣值理论应用的关键。随后分析研究了上海通用汽车的新产品开发流程,并在分析过程中,发现现有的项目采购业务模式中的成本和进度管理的不足之处,确定了在项目采购管理中融入挣值管理的切入点。通过详细介绍项目采购管理的挣值模型建立过程,论文对挣值理论在项目采购管理中的应用进行了细致的研讨,并实现进度成本化、CPI和SV,以及关键路径法等项目管理技术和工作实践的业务模式相结合,在企业内部建立起项目采购的挣值管理系统,实现了汽车生产企业对项目采购管理中的工装模具的开发工期和成本的动态一体化管理。
笔者在整车林荫大道项目中首次实现了项目采购挣值管理,为挣值模型的应用提供了实例分析。挣值模型所提供的信息提高了项目采购管理的执行效率,降低了执行风险,其形成的挣值管理数据也成为挣值模型经验数据,为衡量项目采购管理绩效提供了量化数据。
Accompanying with the globalization of automobile industry, Chinese automobile enterprises face to the great opportunities and the challenges. To be able to develop the product efficiently, the program purchasing management (PPM) is needed to control the purchased cost as well as the vendor’s development timing to fulfill program requirement. The article is to apply the Earned Value Concept into program purchasing management, optimizing program purchasing cost and schedule control.
Firstly the background, content and method etc of Earned Value Concept in the article is studied, and the key to application of Earned Concept is summarized. Secondly Shanghai General Motors’new product development process is analyzed on the weakness of current program purchasing business module of chained cost and schedule management, and the cutting in point of Earned Value Concept in the program purchasing management is found. Thirdly via the detail introduction on the setup procedure of earned value model of program purchasing management, the application of program purchasing management is researched in details, and the earned value module is achieved to combine the multiple program management technology like cost-to-schedule, CPI & SV and TPM with the practical business model, the program purchasing earned value management system is setup in company, which is the combined cost and schedule control on vendor tooling development, improving the efficiency of vendor tool cash flow and capability of risk management.
The program purchasing management is applied in the Park Avenue Vehicle Program for the first time, providing the sample analysis of earned value module. With the information calculated by earned value module, the execution efficiency of purchasing program management is improved, the program cost and schedule risk is decreased, and the data bank of program purchasing management is fulfilled with the formed earned value statistics data, the measurable data is provided to assess the program purchasing management performance.
文章首先对挣值理论的背景、内容、方法等进行了研究,总结并确定了挣值理论应用的关键。随后分析研究了上海通用汽车的新产品开发流程,并在分析过程中,发现现有的项目采购业务模式中的成本和进度管理的不足之处,确定了在项目采购管理中融入挣值管理的切入点。通过详细介绍项目采购管理的挣值模型建立过程,论文对挣值理论在项目采购管理中的应用进行了细致的研讨,并实现进度成本化、CPI和SV,以及关键路径法等项目管理技术和工作实践的业务模式相结合,在企业内部建立起项目采购的挣值管理系统,实现了汽车生产企业对项目采购管理中的工装模具的开发工期和成本的动态一体化管理。
笔者在整车林荫大道项目中首次实现了项目采购挣值管理,为挣值模型的应用提供了实例分析。挣值模型所提供的信息提高了项目采购管理的执行效率,降低了执行风险,其形成的挣值管理数据也成为挣值模型经验数据,为衡量项目采购管理绩效提供了量化数据。
Accompanying with the globalization of automobile industry, Chinese automobile enterprises face to the great opportunities and the challenges. To be able to develop the product efficiently, the program purchasing management (PPM) is needed to control the purchased cost as well as the vendor’s development timing to fulfill program requirement. The article is to apply the Earned Value Concept into program purchasing management, optimizing program purchasing cost and schedule control.
Firstly the background, content and method etc of Earned Value Concept in the article is studied, and the key to application of Earned Concept is summarized. Secondly Shanghai General Motors’new product development process is analyzed on the weakness of current program purchasing business module of chained cost and schedule management, and the cutting in point of Earned Value Concept in the program purchasing management is found. Thirdly via the detail introduction on the setup procedure of earned value model of program purchasing management, the application of program purchasing management is researched in details, and the earned value module is achieved to combine the multiple program management technology like cost-to-schedule, CPI & SV and TPM with the practical business model, the program purchasing earned value management system is setup in company, which is the combined cost and schedule control on vendor tooling development, improving the efficiency of vendor tool cash flow and capability of risk management.
The program purchasing management is applied in the Park Avenue Vehicle Program for the first time, providing the sample analysis of earned value module. With the information calculated by earned value module, the execution efficiency of purchasing program management is improved, the program cost and schedule risk is decreased, and the data bank of program purchasing management is fulfilled with the formed earned value statistics data, the measurable data is provided to assess the program purchasing management performance.
引文
〔1〕 邓泽民,管理均衡优化理论及其在矿业中的应用,[学位论文],北京科技大学,2004 年 3 月
〔2〕 杰克·吉多,成功的项目管理,机械工业出版社,2004 年 1 月
〔3〕 NDIA, Earned Value Management Systems Intent Guide, National Defense Industrial Association, November 2006
〔4〕 Wayne Abba, How Earned Value Got to Primetime, A short Look Back and Glance Ahead, Project Management Institute Seminars, 2000
〔5〕 鲍学英,赵延龙,挣得值分析法在工程管理中的应用研究,兰州交通大学学报, 2004 年 4 期
〔6〕 崔小宁,薛勇,吴晓军,挣值法在装备采办成本和进度控制中的应用研究,装备指挥技术学院学报,2005 年 第 16 期
〔7〕 Meredith, J.R., 项目管理――管理新视角,电子工业出版社,2002 年 8 月
〔8〕 Alan Webb, 项目经理指南――项目挣值管理的应用,南开大学出版社,2005年 1 月
〔9〕 黄冬,李东波,丁聪莉,基于递归查刘询的挣得值法在项目管理软件开发中的应用,机械,2006 年 11 期
〔10〕周燕,崔新嫒, 挣值法在项目投资和进度控制中的应用,基建优化,2006 年 第 5 期
〔11〕王春,成本――进度系统动态控制的研究,建筑管理现代化,2004 年 第 6 期
〔12〕Putz, P., Maluf, D。A。, Bell, D.G. etc., Earned Value Management at NASA: An Integrated, Lightweight Solution, 2007 IEEE Volume , Issue , 3-10 March 2007 Page(s):1 - 8
〔13〕冯之楹,何永春,廖仁兴,项日采购管理,清华大学出版社,2001 年 7 月
〔14〕David S. Christensen, Using the Earned Value Cost Management Report to Evaluate the Contractor’s Estimate at Completion, Acquisition Review Quarterly, Summer 1999。
〔15〕刘崇欣,汽车模具报价系统,模具工业,1997 年 2 期
〔16〕Kevin Keel, Introduction to GVDP (CTIS #27663), General Motors University, 2005.
〔17〕M. Wolf,通用汽车全球先期产品质量策划,通用汽车公司全球采购,2002 V2.0
〔18〕李晓,万昕,赢得值理论在公路工程进度与成本分析中的应用,公路与汽运,2005 年 第 3 期
〔19〕刘大双,如何在 Microsoft Office Project 中进行挣值分析, 项目管理技术, 2004 年 4 期
〔20〕Richard Bechtold, Use of Earned Value Management to Mitigate Software Development Risk, George Mason University, April 1997
〔21〕Dimitrova Marina, Earned Value Project Management. A model for project performance valuation in Ericsson AB, Goteborg, Graduate Business School, 2006
〔22〕Andrew Sipos, Project time-cost optimization with the purchase time method. Cost Engineering, 1998, 40(7):33-39
〔23〕王宇新, 作业成本法在注射模具成本控制系统中的应用研究, [学位论文],南京航空航天大学, 2005 年
〔2〕 杰克·吉多,成功的项目管理,机械工业出版社,2004 年 1 月
〔3〕 NDIA, Earned Value Management Systems Intent Guide, National Defense Industrial Association, November 2006
〔4〕 Wayne Abba, How Earned Value Got to Primetime, A short Look Back and Glance Ahead, Project Management Institute Seminars, 2000
〔5〕 鲍学英,赵延龙,挣得值分析法在工程管理中的应用研究,兰州交通大学学报, 2004 年 4 期
〔6〕 崔小宁,薛勇,吴晓军,挣值法在装备采办成本和进度控制中的应用研究,装备指挥技术学院学报,2005 年 第 16 期
〔7〕 Meredith, J.R., 项目管理――管理新视角,电子工业出版社,2002 年 8 月
〔8〕 Alan Webb, 项目经理指南――项目挣值管理的应用,南开大学出版社,2005年 1 月
〔9〕 黄冬,李东波,丁聪莉,基于递归查刘询的挣得值法在项目管理软件开发中的应用,机械,2006 年 11 期
〔10〕周燕,崔新嫒, 挣值法在项目投资和进度控制中的应用,基建优化,2006 年 第 5 期
〔11〕王春,成本――进度系统动态控制的研究,建筑管理现代化,2004 年 第 6 期
〔12〕Putz, P., Maluf, D。A。, Bell, D.G. etc., Earned Value Management at NASA: An Integrated, Lightweight Solution, 2007 IEEE Volume , Issue , 3-10 March 2007 Page(s):1 - 8
〔13〕冯之楹,何永春,廖仁兴,项日采购管理,清华大学出版社,2001 年 7 月
〔14〕David S. Christensen, Using the Earned Value Cost Management Report to Evaluate the Contractor’s Estimate at Completion, Acquisition Review Quarterly, Summer 1999。
〔15〕刘崇欣,汽车模具报价系统,模具工业,1997 年 2 期
〔16〕Kevin Keel, Introduction to GVDP (CTIS #27663), General Motors University, 2005.
〔17〕M. Wolf,通用汽车全球先期产品质量策划,通用汽车公司全球采购,2002 V2.0
〔18〕李晓,万昕,赢得值理论在公路工程进度与成本分析中的应用,公路与汽运,2005 年 第 3 期
〔19〕刘大双,如何在 Microsoft Office Project 中进行挣值分析, 项目管理技术, 2004 年 4 期
〔20〕Richard Bechtold, Use of Earned Value Management to Mitigate Software Development Risk, George Mason University, April 1997
〔21〕Dimitrova Marina, Earned Value Project Management. A model for project performance valuation in Ericsson AB, Goteborg, Graduate Business School, 2006
〔22〕Andrew Sipos, Project time-cost optimization with the purchase time method. Cost Engineering, 1998, 40(7):33-39
〔23〕王宇新, 作业成本法在注射模具成本控制系统中的应用研究, [学位论文],南京航空航天大学, 2005 年