葛根保健饮料的超高压生产工艺研究
|
摘要
本文研究了超高压提取技术对葛根异黄酮提取率的影响,确定超高压法提取葛根异黄酮的条件;添加传统解酒中药葛花、枳椇子和山楂,以口感和风味为指标确定饮料最佳配方,并与传统生产方法中有效物质提取率进行对比研究,为超高压提取技术在中药保健饮料加工上的应用提供理论依据。
研究不同浓度葛根和饮料粗提物的DPPH抑制能力、·OH清除能力及抗脂质体氧化能力,结果表明两者均有一定的抗氧化活性,即具有一定抗的衰老和抗肿瘤能力,同浓度溶液的抗氧化活性后者高于前者。
解酒组和防醉组均有缩短急性酒精中毒小鼠睡眠时间作用,表明饮料成品有解酒防醉功效,其功效与剂量有相关性。
饮料有降低急性酒精中毒小鼠血乙醇浓度功效。对成品饮料部分理化指标进行测定,为其生产销售提供依据。
Pueraria lobata has been widely used and planted as an important medicinal and edible value material. With the development of modern medical technology, research shows that isoflavone and puerarin in Pueraria lobata have more function, such as anticancer, control cardio-cerebrovascular disease, anti-aging, antialcoholism, etc. A new method is exigent to improve and development the past processing disadvantages.
The traditional processing methods of antialcoholism beverage, the hot immersion method, the decocting method and high-pressure steam sterilization, have many disadvantages such as complex process, long extraction time and afflictive color and taste. Isoflavones can be extracted from Pueraria lobata by ultra-high pressure extraction (UHPE) and ultra-high pressure technology (UHPT) has also sterilizing effect. According to color, taste and aroma study, the most suitable process which antialcoholism beverage is high isoflavones content, also adding Pueraria lobata flower, Hawkthorn and hovenia dulcis thunb.
The key experiments in the dissertation are as follows:
1. Applying UHPE technology to extract isoflavones from Pueraria lobata. It was investigated that the influence of ethanol concentration, extraction pressure, immersion time, liquid-solid ratio (v/w) and extraction times for extraction rate. Finally, the optimum extraction conditions of isoflavones from the Pueraria lobata by UHPE are water extraction; extraction pressure, 300 MPa; liquid-solid ratio (v/w), 60:1; extraction time, instantaneous extraction; immersion time, 0 h; extraction one time. The yield of total isoflavones is 73.6020 mg/g. Heat reflux, hot immersion extraction and cold immersion were also used to extract isoflavones. For the extraction time, UHPE was shorter than other four methods.
2. Adding flowers of Pueraria lobata, seeds of Hovenia dulcis Thunb and hawkthorn into beverage. Immersion extraction was used as the contrast methods. The extraction yield of isoflavones and flavonoids from the flowers of Pueraria lobata, Hawthorns and seeds of Hovenia Dulcis Thunb were all higher than immersion extraction. The extraction time of UHPE is shorter than other four methods. Thereby, UHPE is the optimal extraction method.
3. Adding Acesulfame-k as sugar substitute. The final beverage formula: Pueraria lobata: hawkthorn: flowers of Pueraria lobata: Seeds of Hovenia dulcis Thunb = 1:1:0.5:0.5:0.1.
4. The antioxidant activity was tested in this paper. DPPH, Hydroxyl radical and liposome oxidation methods were applied to test the antioxidant activity of the Pueraria lobata extract and the beverage. The antioxidant activity of beverage was higher than Pueraria lobata extract. And the antioxidant activity of Pueraria lobata extract and the beverage with concentration above 0.5 mg/mL was as high as 0.1 mg/mL VC.
5. Through studying on antialcoholism beverage, we can know that it can reduce the drunk time of the mice into which filled the antialcoholism beverage and after drunk than blank control. The results show that this beverage has both antialcoholism function and preventing alcoholism function. The antialcoholism function and preventing drunken function of beverage are related to dosage. The preventing alcoholism function was significant.
Filling the antialcoholism beverage into the mice, after being drunk, the ethanol concentration in blood of mice which be filled are fewer than blank control minutes. It shows that the extract of antialcoholism beverage could reduce the ethanol concentration in mice blood.
6. Test some physical and chemical properties of the beverage, we can know that: the total number of bacteria is 0; dissolved solid material in the beverage is 9.32%; acid content is 1.8%; protein content is 25.8 mg/L.
研究不同浓度葛根和饮料粗提物的DPPH抑制能力、·OH清除能力及抗脂质体氧化能力,结果表明两者均有一定的抗氧化活性,即具有一定抗的衰老和抗肿瘤能力,同浓度溶液的抗氧化活性后者高于前者。
解酒组和防醉组均有缩短急性酒精中毒小鼠睡眠时间作用,表明饮料成品有解酒防醉功效,其功效与剂量有相关性。
饮料有降低急性酒精中毒小鼠血乙醇浓度功效。对成品饮料部分理化指标进行测定,为其生产销售提供依据。
Pueraria lobata has been widely used and planted as an important medicinal and edible value material. With the development of modern medical technology, research shows that isoflavone and puerarin in Pueraria lobata have more function, such as anticancer, control cardio-cerebrovascular disease, anti-aging, antialcoholism, etc. A new method is exigent to improve and development the past processing disadvantages.
The traditional processing methods of antialcoholism beverage, the hot immersion method, the decocting method and high-pressure steam sterilization, have many disadvantages such as complex process, long extraction time and afflictive color and taste. Isoflavones can be extracted from Pueraria lobata by ultra-high pressure extraction (UHPE) and ultra-high pressure technology (UHPT) has also sterilizing effect. According to color, taste and aroma study, the most suitable process which antialcoholism beverage is high isoflavones content, also adding Pueraria lobata flower, Hawkthorn and hovenia dulcis thunb.
The key experiments in the dissertation are as follows:
1. Applying UHPE technology to extract isoflavones from Pueraria lobata. It was investigated that the influence of ethanol concentration, extraction pressure, immersion time, liquid-solid ratio (v/w) and extraction times for extraction rate. Finally, the optimum extraction conditions of isoflavones from the Pueraria lobata by UHPE are water extraction; extraction pressure, 300 MPa; liquid-solid ratio (v/w), 60:1; extraction time, instantaneous extraction; immersion time, 0 h; extraction one time. The yield of total isoflavones is 73.6020 mg/g. Heat reflux, hot immersion extraction and cold immersion were also used to extract isoflavones. For the extraction time, UHPE was shorter than other four methods.
2. Adding flowers of Pueraria lobata, seeds of Hovenia dulcis Thunb and hawkthorn into beverage. Immersion extraction was used as the contrast methods. The extraction yield of isoflavones and flavonoids from the flowers of Pueraria lobata, Hawthorns and seeds of Hovenia Dulcis Thunb were all higher than immersion extraction. The extraction time of UHPE is shorter than other four methods. Thereby, UHPE is the optimal extraction method.
3. Adding Acesulfame-k as sugar substitute. The final beverage formula: Pueraria lobata: hawkthorn: flowers of Pueraria lobata: Seeds of Hovenia dulcis Thunb = 1:1:0.5:0.5:0.1.
4. The antioxidant activity was tested in this paper. DPPH, Hydroxyl radical and liposome oxidation methods were applied to test the antioxidant activity of the Pueraria lobata extract and the beverage. The antioxidant activity of beverage was higher than Pueraria lobata extract. And the antioxidant activity of Pueraria lobata extract and the beverage with concentration above 0.5 mg/mL was as high as 0.1 mg/mL VC.
5. Through studying on antialcoholism beverage, we can know that it can reduce the drunk time of the mice into which filled the antialcoholism beverage and after drunk than blank control. The results show that this beverage has both antialcoholism function and preventing alcoholism function. The antialcoholism function and preventing drunken function of beverage are related to dosage. The preventing alcoholism function was significant.
Filling the antialcoholism beverage into the mice, after being drunk, the ethanol concentration in blood of mice which be filled are fewer than blank control minutes. It shows that the extract of antialcoholism beverage could reduce the ethanol concentration in mice blood.
6. Test some physical and chemical properties of the beverage, we can know that: the total number of bacteria is 0; dissolved solid material in the beverage is 9.32%; acid content is 1.8%; protein content is 25.8 mg/L.
引文
[1]刘灿坤,于瑞杰.论古今药用葛根的品种[J].时针国药研究,1997,8(5):389.
[2]顾观光.神农本草经.北京:人民卫生出版社,1956:55.
[3]顾志平,连文琐,陈碧珠.中药葛根资源的调查研究[J].中药材,1993,16(8):13.
[4]安伟建,夏光成,郭瑞.不同产地葛根总黄酮含量的比较[J].中国中药杂志.1999,24(6):339.
[5]HaojianRong,HanF.Stevens,MaxL,Deinzer etal.Identification of lsflavones in the Roots of Pueraria lobata[J].Plant Medica,1998,64:620-627.
[6]万素英,赵亚军,李琳,王慧君.食品抗氧化剂.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998(9):152-155.
[7]Wichai Cherdshewasart,Subongkoj Subtang,Winai Dahlan.Major isoflavonoid contents of the phytoestrogen rich-herb Pueraria mirifica in comparison with Pueraria lobata[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 43(2007)428-434.
[8]Kinjo J,et al.Studies on the constituents of Pueraria Iobata 1V.Chemicalconstituents in the flower and leaves[J].Chem.Pharm Bull,1987,35(12):4846.
[9]Lewis P,Kaltin S,Wahala K.The phase transfer catalyzed synthesis of isoflavone202glucosides[J].J Chem Soc Per-k in Trans I,1998,16:2481-2484.
[10]Takashi H,rt al.Phytochemistry,1991,30(5):1481.
[11]Hirakura Kazuhiro,Morita Makoto,Nakajima Kaoru.Phenolic glucosides from the root of Pueraria lobata[J].1997,46(5):921-928.
[12]Rong H,Stevens J F,Deinzer M L,et al.ldentification of isoflavones in the toots of Pueraria lobata[J]Planta Medica.1998(64):620.
[13]SI Jian-yong,CHANG Qi SHEN Liang-gang and CHEN Di-hua.Chemical Constituents from Pueraria lobata[J].Joumal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2006,15(4):248-250.
[14]Zhang XR,Wang MK,Peng SL,et al.Chemical constituents of Pueraria peduncularis[J].Chin Trad Herb Drugs,2002,33(l):11-14.
[15]陈立炟,陈树和,等.葛根资源、化学成分和药理作川研究概况[J].时针国医国药.2006,17(11):2305-2306.
[16]Nohara T,Kinjo J,Furusawa J,et al.BUT-2-Enolides from Pueraria iobata and revised structures of Puerosides A,B and sophoroside A[J].Phtochemistry,1993,33(5):1207-1210.
[17]Zhang JY,An YL,Li ZH.Preliminary study on chemical constituents in Pueraria wallichii DC.[J],Chemistry and Industry of forest Products,2001,21(2):67-70.
[18]Liu C J,Zhao ZH,Wang DY,Chemical constituents of Pueraria lobata[J].Chin J Chin Mat Med,1992,17:101-102.
[19]Li SS,Deng JZ,Liu X,et al.Chemical constituents of Pueraria lobata[J].Chin Trad Herb Drugs,1999,30(6):416-417.
[20]Nohara M,Takeshita T,Kaneshiro J,et al.Therapeutic effects of chemical constituents of flos puerariae on experimental liver injuries[J].Wakan lyaku Gakkaishi,1988,5(3):408-409
[21]Hirakura K,Modta M,Nakajima K,et al.Phenolic glucosides from the root of Pueraria lobata[J].Phytochemistry,1997,46(5):921-928.
[22]Art PW,Brogdon BN,Hsieh JS,Anthraquinone pulping of kudzu(Pueraria lobata)[J].Tappi Journa,1993,76(4):162-166.
[23]刘灿坤,于瑞杰.论古今要用葛根的品种[J].时珍国药研究.1997,8(5):389-398.
[24]张学理.葛根素对犬血压、血管反应、脑循环、外周循环的作用[J].中华医学杂志.1974,50(4):265.
[25]周光悦.葛根素治疗52例冠心病心绞痛疗效观察[J].华夏医学,2000,13(3):261.
[26]孟浦,周东风,胡晓华,等.葛根素治疗病毒性心肌炎[J]实用儿科临床杂志,1999,14(2):104.
[27]周秀娟,程蕴琳,桂鸣,等.葛根素对冠心病心绞痛患者血浆内皮素及一氧化氮水平的影响[J].江苏医药杂志,2000,26(7):524.
[28]罗音久,杜德极.葛根提取物抗肿瘤作用的试验研究[J].四川畜牧兽医学院学报.2000,14(4):7-9.
[29]Rice-Evans C,Miller N J.The relative anthioxidant activities of plant derived ployphenloic flavonoids[J].Free radical Res,1995.22:375-383.
[30]M.C.Guerra,E.Speroni,Conparison between Chinese Medical Herb Pueraria lobata Crude Extract and its Main Isoflavone Puerarin-Antioxidant Properties and Effects on Rat Liver.Catalysed Dtug Metabolism Life Sel[J].2000,67(24):2997-3006.
[31]王庆端,江金花,孙文欣,等.葛根总黄酮的抗啤酒中枢抑制作用[J].河南医科大学学报,1998,33(3):117-119.
[32]贺利华,许淑英,贺琨.葛根汁饮料对饮酒后血浓度和全血比黏度的影响[J].医学动物防制,2005,21(9):684-685.
[33]张廼哲,符云峰,赵会军,等.葛根解酒毒的实验研究[J].中国医药学报,1998,13(4):26-28.
[34]赵敏,杜艳秋,李长喻.葛根素对急性酒精中毒大鼠保护作用的实验研究[J].中国现代医学杂志.2006,16(17):2610-2613.
[35]尹秋霞,陈英剑,孙晓明,等.葛根、枳棋子对大鼠血中乙醇浓度变化的影响[J].山东中医药大学学报.2003,27(4):301-311.
[36]Shinho Y,Yamazaki R,Nohara T.Pharmaceuticals containing flavonoids,saponins,and glycosides thereof for treatment of liver disorders[J].Jpn.kokai Tokyo kono JP 01 68,318.
[37]张伟,汤旭磊,田泉.葛根素雌激素样作用的研究[J].中国妇幼保健.2005,20(5):2243-2245.
[38]戚本明,戚本玲.葛根提取物对正常及去势人鼠血清雌激素水平影响的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(11):850-851.
[39]Gruber C J,Tschugguel W,Schneeberger C,et al.Production andActions of estrogens[J].NEnglJMed,2002,346:340-352.
[40]王红,许哲,刘干中.葛根及川芎对动物学习记忆的影响[J].中日友好医院学报.1995,9(4):191-194.
[41]陈松芳,邵胜敏,黄汉津,等.葛根素对慢性低02高C02人鼠学习记忆的影响[J].实用医学杂志.2006,22(5):507-509.
[42]郭喆,吕秋军,郭建平,等.葛根黄酮的辐射防护及其机制的研究[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志.2006,26(6):579-581.
[43]StapletonAE,WalbotV.Flavonoids can protect maize DNA from theInduction of ultraviolet radiation damage[J].PlantPhysiol,1994,105:881-889.
[44]史纪兰,黄权光,商希梅,等.葛根素致突,致畸作用评价[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志.1992,6(3):223.
[45]Shinho Y,Yamazaki R,Nohara T.Pharmaceuticals containing flavonoids,saponins,and glycosides thereof for treatment of liver disorders[J].Jpn,kokai Tokyo kono JP 01 68,318.
[46]Jusuke J,Yoshinori N.Skin21ightening cosmetics containing isoflavone glucosides extracted from P.lobata roots[P].Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP:07-157494,1995-6-20.
[47]陈西鸾,樊经建,余遐.葛根的保健功能及其饮料制备[J].西部粮油科技.1991,22(1):36-37.
[48]杨波,陈京,刘晨江,等.瑞莱星解酒及神异保健茶的研制[J].食品工业科技.1994,(01):17-20.
[49]李俊,何伟平,余丽娟.葛根固体饮料的研制[J].食品工业科技.1997.6:28
[50]廖洪波,贺稚非,王光慈,等.葛根的研究进展及展望[J].食品工业科技.2003,24(2):81-83.
[51]詹永,杨勇.葛根异黄酮的提取方法与应用[J].广州食品工业科技,2004,20(4):169-171.
[52]唐春红,陈琪.国内外葛根营养保健功能的研究与开发现状[J].中国食品添加剂.2002,6:56-58.
[53]张永煜,陈晓华,孙锐杰.愈风宁心片中葛根总黄酮的提取工艺研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.1999,5(2):12-13.
[54]赵浩如,郜风香.葛根总黄酮的提取方法研究[J].中成药,2000,22(11):756-758.
[55]潘见,陈强,王国霞,等.葛根黄酮浸取工艺优化研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,4:230-233.
[56]Kathy Ridgway,Sam P.D.Lalljie,Roger M.Smith.Sample preparation techniques for the determination of trace residues and contaminants in foods[J].Chromatogr.A 1153(2007):36-53.
[57]邢秀芳,马桔云,于宏芬,等.纤维素酶在葛根总黄酮提取中的应用[J].中草约,2001,32(1):37-38.
[58]张喜梅,程亮光,李琳,等.超声提取葛根总黄酮成分的研究[J].声学技术.2006,25(2):110-112.
[59]张晓燕,丘泰球,徐彦渊,等.双频超卢强化提取葛根有效部位的研究[J].食品工业科技.2006,27(3):51-53.
[60]张尊听,杨伯伦,刘谦光,等.野葛根异黄酮成分的超声萃取及抗氧化作用[J].食品科 学,2002,23(5):31-33.
[61]陈斌,南庆贤,吕玲,等.微波萃取葛根总黄酮的工艺研究[J].农业工程学报.2001,17(6):123-126.
[62]马海乐,王超,刘伟民.葛根总黄酮微波辅助萃取技术[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版.2005,26(2):98-101.
[63]alvarez-Muoz D,Saez M,Lara-Martin P A,et al.New extraction method for the analysis of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in marine organisms Pressurized liquid extraction versus Soxhlet extraction[J].Chromatography A,2004,1052:33-38.
[64]万建波,徐辰,李绍平,等.葛根异黄酮成分的加压溶剂提取法研究[J].分析化学研究简报.2005,33(10):1435-1438.
[65]Nierenberg,Deteminants of increase in plasma concentration of beta-carotene after chronic aral supplementation[J].Am J Clin Nutr,1991,53(6):3-9.
[66]周国海,于华忠,李国章,等.葛根中异黄酮及葛根素的含量测定[J].湖南林业科技.2004,31(5):71-72.
[67]方崇波,龚燕波.离子络合紫外分光光度法测定葛根素及其制剂的含量[J].中国医药学杂志.2005,25(3):219-221.
[68]G.Lunn,L.C.Hellwig,Handbook of Derivatisation Reactions for HPLC,Wiley,New York,1998.
[69]肖学风,高岚.HPLC法测定不同产地葛根中葛根素的含量[J]中草药,2001,32(3):220.
[70]陈乃光,金霞,陈金风,等.HPLC法测定不同产地葛根中四种异黄酮含量.中国医师杂志.2005,7(2):270-271.
[71]李云霞.薄层扫描法测定葛根药材中葛根素含量[J].中成药.2001,23(6):444-445.
[72]张尊听,刘谦光,何清,等.新型薄层色谱内标法测定葛根素含量[J].分析化学研究简报.2002,30(3):327-330.
[73]孙立华,胡永明,邹德禄.高效毛细管电泳法测定葛根及其制剂脑得生片中葛根素的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(10):694-696.
[74]陈刚,章慧琴,吴性良,等.毛细管电泳电化学检测葛根和葛藤中几种黄酮类化合物[J].复旦学报(自然科学版).2004.43(4):672-675.
[75]吕元琦,李新民,袁倬斌.毛细管胶束电动色谱法快速测定葛根素和大豆甙元[J].化学工程师.2005,1:28-32.
[76]郭金英,李松彪,侯玉泽.中草药解酒药物研究进展[J].酿酒科技2007,11:86-91.
[77]陈金梁,刑桂芙.解酒中医药及保健品的研究概况[J].江西中医药,1993,24(2):56-57.
[78]中药大辞典(下册).江苏新医学院编上海:上海人民卫生出版社,1977:2307.
[79]齐继成.我国解酒保健食品的研究开发[J],中国保健食品,2003,(8):13-14.
[80]章文炽,夏培源.枳葛饮解酒作用的实验观察[J].中国医院药学杂志,1994,14(3):137.
[81]宇日跃,等.“解酒护肝饮”作用探讨[J],中医药信息,1999,16(5):39-40.
[82]周毅刚,舒坤贤,等.醒酒灵解酒疗效探讨[J].实用预防医学.2001,8(2):144.
[83]周毅刚,舒坤贤,等.醉翁乐的药理实验研究[J].江两中医学院学报,1997,9(2):29-30.
[84]牟德华,杨会龙,李艳,等.葛根、葛花的保健功能及其饮料的制作工艺[J].食品工业科技,2000,21:55-56.
[85]张会香,刘邻渭.解酒保健饮料的研制[J].食品工业,2002(2):15-17.
[86]刘树兴,程丽英,曾仁广,等.葛根饮料的研制[J].西北轻工业学院学报.2002(5):9-12.
[87]陈巧云,赵丽霞,黄芳.葛根功能保健饮料的研制[J].江西食品工业,2002(1):28.
[88]李积华,刘成梅,李明.功能性葛根天然饮料工艺研究[J].江西食品工业.2004,01:20-22.
[89]杜修桥.葛根饮料工艺研究[J].淮海工程学院学报.2001(10):54-56.
[90]张雪,李更生.葛根功能性饮料工艺的优化研究[J].现代食品科技.2006,21(3):104-105.
[91]李海涛.葛根有效成分的提取工艺及其解酒功效的研究[M]东北农业大学硕士论文,2006.
[92]项伟.常用调控酒精代谢物质及其制品解酒效果的动物试验研究[M]湖南农业大学硕士论文.2006.
[93]Hayashi R.Application of high pressure to food processing and preservation philosophy and development.berking[J].Engineering and Food.Elsevier Applied Science.1989:815-826.
[94]阮征,等.高流体静压处理技术[J].四川食品工业科技,1997(1):29-32.
[95]Felix S,Yann L,Gerard D.Alain L,Jean-Marie B,Jean-Francois N.Effectofultra -high hydrostatic pressure on hydrosoluble vitamins[J].Journal of Food Engineering.1999,39:247-253.
[96]StapletonAE,WalbotV.Flavonoids can protect maize DNA from thelnduction of ultraviolet radiation damage[J].PlantPhysiol,1994,105:881-889.
[97]张会香,杨世军.葛根解酒保健饮料的研究[J].试验报告与理论研究.2006(9):31-35.
[98]刘春娟,朱俊杰,张守勤,等.高压技术提取朝鲜淫羊霍总黄酮的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(19):1511-1513.
[99]陈瑞战,张守勤,王长征.正交试验优化超高压提取人参中人参皂苷的工艺研究[J].中草药,36(3):365-368.
[100]陈瑞战,张守勤,王长征,等.超高压提取西洋参皂苷的工艺研究[J].农业工程学报.21(5):150-154.
[101]刘小玲,丘华,王士长.葛根功能饮料的制造[J].食品工业.2001.2:18-19.
[102]王超,刘姬艳,胡建军.中草药解酒饮料的研制及其解酒效果的研究[J].酿酒科技.2007,162(12):115-117.
[103]阎娥,石玉萍,王永宁,等.沙枣叶中提取的总黄酮化合物对羟基臼由基的清除作用[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(3):65-67.
[104]文赤夫,董爱文,罗庆华.紫花地丁中芹菜素提取和清除自由基活性研究[J].现代食品科技.2006,22(1):20-23.
[105]豆海港,陈文学,仇厚援.花椒提取物抗氧化作用研究[J].食品研究与开发.2006,27(7):14-16.
[106]罗平.饮料分析与检验.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1992,753页.
[107]张利奋.国际饮料分析方法.中国轻工业出版社,1992.
[108]王文平,郭祀远,李琳.考马斯亮蓝法测定野木瓜多糖中蛋白质的含量[J].食品研究与开发.2008,29(1):115-117.
[109]李琰,范璐,孙秀华.葛根提取工艺的考察[J].北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(4):26-28.
[110]陈西鸾.葛花饮料的研制及其对乙醇浓度的影响[J].食品科技.1997,06:32-33.
[111]刘长姣,张守勤,吴华,等.超高压技术在五味子饮料加工中的应用[J].农业工程学报.2006,22(6):227-229.
[2]顾观光.神农本草经.北京:人民卫生出版社,1956:55.
[3]顾志平,连文琐,陈碧珠.中药葛根资源的调查研究[J].中药材,1993,16(8):13.
[4]安伟建,夏光成,郭瑞.不同产地葛根总黄酮含量的比较[J].中国中药杂志.1999,24(6):339.
[5]HaojianRong,HanF.Stevens,MaxL,Deinzer etal.Identification of lsflavones in the Roots of Pueraria lobata[J].Plant Medica,1998,64:620-627.
[6]万素英,赵亚军,李琳,王慧君.食品抗氧化剂.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998(9):152-155.
[7]Wichai Cherdshewasart,Subongkoj Subtang,Winai Dahlan.Major isoflavonoid contents of the phytoestrogen rich-herb Pueraria mirifica in comparison with Pueraria lobata[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 43(2007)428-434.
[8]Kinjo J,et al.Studies on the constituents of Pueraria Iobata 1V.Chemicalconstituents in the flower and leaves[J].Chem.Pharm Bull,1987,35(12):4846.
[9]Lewis P,Kaltin S,Wahala K.The phase transfer catalyzed synthesis of isoflavone202glucosides[J].J Chem Soc Per-k in Trans I,1998,16:2481-2484.
[10]Takashi H,rt al.Phytochemistry,1991,30(5):1481.
[11]Hirakura Kazuhiro,Morita Makoto,Nakajima Kaoru.Phenolic glucosides from the root of Pueraria lobata[J].1997,46(5):921-928.
[12]Rong H,Stevens J F,Deinzer M L,et al.ldentification of isoflavones in the toots of Pueraria lobata[J]Planta Medica.1998(64):620.
[13]SI Jian-yong,CHANG Qi SHEN Liang-gang and CHEN Di-hua.Chemical Constituents from Pueraria lobata[J].Joumal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences 2006,15(4):248-250.
[14]Zhang XR,Wang MK,Peng SL,et al.Chemical constituents of Pueraria peduncularis[J].Chin Trad Herb Drugs,2002,33(l):11-14.
[15]陈立炟,陈树和,等.葛根资源、化学成分和药理作川研究概况[J].时针国医国药.2006,17(11):2305-2306.
[16]Nohara T,Kinjo J,Furusawa J,et al.BUT-2-Enolides from Pueraria iobata and revised structures of Puerosides A,B and sophoroside A[J].Phtochemistry,1993,33(5):1207-1210.
[17]Zhang JY,An YL,Li ZH.Preliminary study on chemical constituents in Pueraria wallichii DC.[J],Chemistry and Industry of forest Products,2001,21(2):67-70.
[18]Liu C J,Zhao ZH,Wang DY,Chemical constituents of Pueraria lobata[J].Chin J Chin Mat Med,1992,17:101-102.
[19]Li SS,Deng JZ,Liu X,et al.Chemical constituents of Pueraria lobata[J].Chin Trad Herb Drugs,1999,30(6):416-417.
[20]Nohara M,Takeshita T,Kaneshiro J,et al.Therapeutic effects of chemical constituents of flos puerariae on experimental liver injuries[J].Wakan lyaku Gakkaishi,1988,5(3):408-409
[21]Hirakura K,Modta M,Nakajima K,et al.Phenolic glucosides from the root of Pueraria lobata[J].Phytochemistry,1997,46(5):921-928.
[22]Art PW,Brogdon BN,Hsieh JS,Anthraquinone pulping of kudzu(Pueraria lobata)[J].Tappi Journa,1993,76(4):162-166.
[23]刘灿坤,于瑞杰.论古今要用葛根的品种[J].时珍国药研究.1997,8(5):389-398.
[24]张学理.葛根素对犬血压、血管反应、脑循环、外周循环的作用[J].中华医学杂志.1974,50(4):265.
[25]周光悦.葛根素治疗52例冠心病心绞痛疗效观察[J].华夏医学,2000,13(3):261.
[26]孟浦,周东风,胡晓华,等.葛根素治疗病毒性心肌炎[J]实用儿科临床杂志,1999,14(2):104.
[27]周秀娟,程蕴琳,桂鸣,等.葛根素对冠心病心绞痛患者血浆内皮素及一氧化氮水平的影响[J].江苏医药杂志,2000,26(7):524.
[28]罗音久,杜德极.葛根提取物抗肿瘤作用的试验研究[J].四川畜牧兽医学院学报.2000,14(4):7-9.
[29]Rice-Evans C,Miller N J.The relative anthioxidant activities of plant derived ployphenloic flavonoids[J].Free radical Res,1995.22:375-383.
[30]M.C.Guerra,E.Speroni,Conparison between Chinese Medical Herb Pueraria lobata Crude Extract and its Main Isoflavone Puerarin-Antioxidant Properties and Effects on Rat Liver.Catalysed Dtug Metabolism Life Sel[J].2000,67(24):2997-3006.
[31]王庆端,江金花,孙文欣,等.葛根总黄酮的抗啤酒中枢抑制作用[J].河南医科大学学报,1998,33(3):117-119.
[32]贺利华,许淑英,贺琨.葛根汁饮料对饮酒后血浓度和全血比黏度的影响[J].医学动物防制,2005,21(9):684-685.
[33]张廼哲,符云峰,赵会军,等.葛根解酒毒的实验研究[J].中国医药学报,1998,13(4):26-28.
[34]赵敏,杜艳秋,李长喻.葛根素对急性酒精中毒大鼠保护作用的实验研究[J].中国现代医学杂志.2006,16(17):2610-2613.
[35]尹秋霞,陈英剑,孙晓明,等.葛根、枳棋子对大鼠血中乙醇浓度变化的影响[J].山东中医药大学学报.2003,27(4):301-311.
[36]Shinho Y,Yamazaki R,Nohara T.Pharmaceuticals containing flavonoids,saponins,and glycosides thereof for treatment of liver disorders[J].Jpn.kokai Tokyo kono JP 01 68,318.
[37]张伟,汤旭磊,田泉.葛根素雌激素样作用的研究[J].中国妇幼保健.2005,20(5):2243-2245.
[38]戚本明,戚本玲.葛根提取物对正常及去势人鼠血清雌激素水平影响的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2002,27(11):850-851.
[39]Gruber C J,Tschugguel W,Schneeberger C,et al.Production andActions of estrogens[J].NEnglJMed,2002,346:340-352.
[40]王红,许哲,刘干中.葛根及川芎对动物学习记忆的影响[J].中日友好医院学报.1995,9(4):191-194.
[41]陈松芳,邵胜敏,黄汉津,等.葛根素对慢性低02高C02人鼠学习记忆的影响[J].实用医学杂志.2006,22(5):507-509.
[42]郭喆,吕秋军,郭建平,等.葛根黄酮的辐射防护及其机制的研究[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志.2006,26(6):579-581.
[43]StapletonAE,WalbotV.Flavonoids can protect maize DNA from theInduction of ultraviolet radiation damage[J].PlantPhysiol,1994,105:881-889.
[44]史纪兰,黄权光,商希梅,等.葛根素致突,致畸作用评价[J].中国药理学与毒理学杂志.1992,6(3):223.
[45]Shinho Y,Yamazaki R,Nohara T.Pharmaceuticals containing flavonoids,saponins,and glycosides thereof for treatment of liver disorders[J].Jpn,kokai Tokyo kono JP 01 68,318.
[46]Jusuke J,Yoshinori N.Skin21ightening cosmetics containing isoflavone glucosides extracted from P.lobata roots[P].Jpn Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP:07-157494,1995-6-20.
[47]陈西鸾,樊经建,余遐.葛根的保健功能及其饮料制备[J].西部粮油科技.1991,22(1):36-37.
[48]杨波,陈京,刘晨江,等.瑞莱星解酒及神异保健茶的研制[J].食品工业科技.1994,(01):17-20.
[49]李俊,何伟平,余丽娟.葛根固体饮料的研制[J].食品工业科技.1997.6:28
[50]廖洪波,贺稚非,王光慈,等.葛根的研究进展及展望[J].食品工业科技.2003,24(2):81-83.
[51]詹永,杨勇.葛根异黄酮的提取方法与应用[J].广州食品工业科技,2004,20(4):169-171.
[52]唐春红,陈琪.国内外葛根营养保健功能的研究与开发现状[J].中国食品添加剂.2002,6:56-58.
[53]张永煜,陈晓华,孙锐杰.愈风宁心片中葛根总黄酮的提取工艺研究[J].中国实验方剂学杂志.1999,5(2):12-13.
[54]赵浩如,郜风香.葛根总黄酮的提取方法研究[J].中成药,2000,22(11):756-758.
[55]潘见,陈强,王国霞,等.葛根黄酮浸取工艺优化研究[J].农业工程学报,1998,4:230-233.
[56]Kathy Ridgway,Sam P.D.Lalljie,Roger M.Smith.Sample preparation techniques for the determination of trace residues and contaminants in foods[J].Chromatogr.A 1153(2007):36-53.
[57]邢秀芳,马桔云,于宏芬,等.纤维素酶在葛根总黄酮提取中的应用[J].中草约,2001,32(1):37-38.
[58]张喜梅,程亮光,李琳,等.超声提取葛根总黄酮成分的研究[J].声学技术.2006,25(2):110-112.
[59]张晓燕,丘泰球,徐彦渊,等.双频超卢强化提取葛根有效部位的研究[J].食品工业科技.2006,27(3):51-53.
[60]张尊听,杨伯伦,刘谦光,等.野葛根异黄酮成分的超声萃取及抗氧化作用[J].食品科 学,2002,23(5):31-33.
[61]陈斌,南庆贤,吕玲,等.微波萃取葛根总黄酮的工艺研究[J].农业工程学报.2001,17(6):123-126.
[62]马海乐,王超,刘伟民.葛根总黄酮微波辅助萃取技术[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版.2005,26(2):98-101.
[63]alvarez-Muoz D,Saez M,Lara-Martin P A,et al.New extraction method for the analysis of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in marine organisms Pressurized liquid extraction versus Soxhlet extraction[J].Chromatography A,2004,1052:33-38.
[64]万建波,徐辰,李绍平,等.葛根异黄酮成分的加压溶剂提取法研究[J].分析化学研究简报.2005,33(10):1435-1438.
[65]Nierenberg,Deteminants of increase in plasma concentration of beta-carotene after chronic aral supplementation[J].Am J Clin Nutr,1991,53(6):3-9.
[66]周国海,于华忠,李国章,等.葛根中异黄酮及葛根素的含量测定[J].湖南林业科技.2004,31(5):71-72.
[67]方崇波,龚燕波.离子络合紫外分光光度法测定葛根素及其制剂的含量[J].中国医药学杂志.2005,25(3):219-221.
[68]G.Lunn,L.C.Hellwig,Handbook of Derivatisation Reactions for HPLC,Wiley,New York,1998.
[69]肖学风,高岚.HPLC法测定不同产地葛根中葛根素的含量[J]中草药,2001,32(3):220.
[70]陈乃光,金霞,陈金风,等.HPLC法测定不同产地葛根中四种异黄酮含量.中国医师杂志.2005,7(2):270-271.
[71]李云霞.薄层扫描法测定葛根药材中葛根素含量[J].中成药.2001,23(6):444-445.
[72]张尊听,刘谦光,何清,等.新型薄层色谱内标法测定葛根素含量[J].分析化学研究简报.2002,30(3):327-330.
[73]孙立华,胡永明,邹德禄.高效毛细管电泳法测定葛根及其制剂脑得生片中葛根素的含量[J].中国药学杂志,2000,35(10):694-696.
[74]陈刚,章慧琴,吴性良,等.毛细管电泳电化学检测葛根和葛藤中几种黄酮类化合物[J].复旦学报(自然科学版).2004.43(4):672-675.
[75]吕元琦,李新民,袁倬斌.毛细管胶束电动色谱法快速测定葛根素和大豆甙元[J].化学工程师.2005,1:28-32.
[76]郭金英,李松彪,侯玉泽.中草药解酒药物研究进展[J].酿酒科技2007,11:86-91.
[77]陈金梁,刑桂芙.解酒中医药及保健品的研究概况[J].江西中医药,1993,24(2):56-57.
[78]中药大辞典(下册).江苏新医学院编上海:上海人民卫生出版社,1977:2307.
[79]齐继成.我国解酒保健食品的研究开发[J],中国保健食品,2003,(8):13-14.
[80]章文炽,夏培源.枳葛饮解酒作用的实验观察[J].中国医院药学杂志,1994,14(3):137.
[81]宇日跃,等.“解酒护肝饮”作用探讨[J],中医药信息,1999,16(5):39-40.
[82]周毅刚,舒坤贤,等.醒酒灵解酒疗效探讨[J].实用预防医学.2001,8(2):144.
[83]周毅刚,舒坤贤,等.醉翁乐的药理实验研究[J].江两中医学院学报,1997,9(2):29-30.
[84]牟德华,杨会龙,李艳,等.葛根、葛花的保健功能及其饮料的制作工艺[J].食品工业科技,2000,21:55-56.
[85]张会香,刘邻渭.解酒保健饮料的研制[J].食品工业,2002(2):15-17.
[86]刘树兴,程丽英,曾仁广,等.葛根饮料的研制[J].西北轻工业学院学报.2002(5):9-12.
[87]陈巧云,赵丽霞,黄芳.葛根功能保健饮料的研制[J].江西食品工业,2002(1):28.
[88]李积华,刘成梅,李明.功能性葛根天然饮料工艺研究[J].江西食品工业.2004,01:20-22.
[89]杜修桥.葛根饮料工艺研究[J].淮海工程学院学报.2001(10):54-56.
[90]张雪,李更生.葛根功能性饮料工艺的优化研究[J].现代食品科技.2006,21(3):104-105.
[91]李海涛.葛根有效成分的提取工艺及其解酒功效的研究[M]东北农业大学硕士论文,2006.
[92]项伟.常用调控酒精代谢物质及其制品解酒效果的动物试验研究[M]湖南农业大学硕士论文.2006.
[93]Hayashi R.Application of high pressure to food processing and preservation philosophy and development.berking[J].Engineering and Food.Elsevier Applied Science.1989:815-826.
[94]阮征,等.高流体静压处理技术[J].四川食品工业科技,1997(1):29-32.
[95]Felix S,Yann L,Gerard D.Alain L,Jean-Marie B,Jean-Francois N.Effectofultra -high hydrostatic pressure on hydrosoluble vitamins[J].Journal of Food Engineering.1999,39:247-253.
[96]StapletonAE,WalbotV.Flavonoids can protect maize DNA from thelnduction of ultraviolet radiation damage[J].PlantPhysiol,1994,105:881-889.
[97]张会香,杨世军.葛根解酒保健饮料的研究[J].试验报告与理论研究.2006(9):31-35.
[98]刘春娟,朱俊杰,张守勤,等.高压技术提取朝鲜淫羊霍总黄酮的研究[J].中国中药杂志,2005,30(19):1511-1513.
[99]陈瑞战,张守勤,王长征.正交试验优化超高压提取人参中人参皂苷的工艺研究[J].中草药,36(3):365-368.
[100]陈瑞战,张守勤,王长征,等.超高压提取西洋参皂苷的工艺研究[J].农业工程学报.21(5):150-154.
[101]刘小玲,丘华,王士长.葛根功能饮料的制造[J].食品工业.2001.2:18-19.
[102]王超,刘姬艳,胡建军.中草药解酒饮料的研制及其解酒效果的研究[J].酿酒科技.2007,162(12):115-117.
[103]阎娥,石玉萍,王永宁,等.沙枣叶中提取的总黄酮化合物对羟基臼由基的清除作用[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2006,24(3):65-67.
[104]文赤夫,董爱文,罗庆华.紫花地丁中芹菜素提取和清除自由基活性研究[J].现代食品科技.2006,22(1):20-23.
[105]豆海港,陈文学,仇厚援.花椒提取物抗氧化作用研究[J].食品研究与开发.2006,27(7):14-16.
[106]罗平.饮料分析与检验.北京:中国轻工业出版社,1992,753页.
[107]张利奋.国际饮料分析方法.中国轻工业出版社,1992.
[108]王文平,郭祀远,李琳.考马斯亮蓝法测定野木瓜多糖中蛋白质的含量[J].食品研究与开发.2008,29(1):115-117.
[109]李琰,范璐,孙秀华.葛根提取工艺的考察[J].北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(4):26-28.
[110]陈西鸾.葛花饮料的研制及其对乙醇浓度的影响[J].食品科技.1997,06:32-33.
[111]刘长姣,张守勤,吴华,等.超高压技术在五味子饮料加工中的应用[J].农业工程学报.2006,22(6):227-229.