《牡丹亭》爱情描写词语研究
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摘要
本文以《牡丹亭》爱情描写词语为研究对象,对其进行界定分类,并将语言词汇与心理文化结合起来,探讨爱情描写词语背后所反映的社会文化、思想意识。
《牡丹亭》是明代传奇剧本的经典之作,对它的研究大多集中在文学、美学和戏曲学角度。从语言学角度进行研究的很少。它是一部爱情主题的作品,爱情描写也比较集中。把爱情描写词语作为一种主题类词进行专门研究的以前没有人做过。因此,选择了《牡丹亭》爱情描写词语作为研究对象。
我们将爱情描写词语进行了广义的界定。将爱情描写词语从原文中切分,并依据界定义将其分为以下五类：环境景物类、人物形象类、称谓类、动作类、心理类。每一类词语按照内容或者词语发出者的性别、情感倾向等再进行分类,并对部分词语释义或说明,然后统计数量,计算其所占比例,分析它所反映出来的特点,并试图从社会文化、思想意识的方面对此做出解释。在研究过程中使用了分类、统计、比较、分析等方法。
环境景物类按描写内容分类,发现有景物选取类型相对集中和景物色彩有阴柔喻意这两个特点。我们试图分析它们在传统文化中的共性,以及与西方文化中爱情取景的迥异性,反映出当时社会的普遍爱情感觉偏向柔弱温和的特点。人物形象类,从男女两个角度分别研究,并按照各自内容分类。发现女性形象的描写词语比男性多,而且女性的外貌和男性的成就品性更受关注。我们试图从男女的恋爱审美观、择偶观方面对此做出解释,并与当代的择偶观对比,发现了一些共性。称谓类,以恋爱关系的发展阶段分类,并分析各阶段中男性和女性对称谓语的使用情况及使用心理,最后通过称谓语的变化,分析男女恋爱的阶段特征。动作类,按照动作抽象与否、动作发出的主要部位进行分类,通过与前人的研究成果对比,发现抽象动作词语偏多,男女的爱情动作描写侧重方面不同等特点,并试图分析当时社会对爱情特别是性爱的普遍观点,以及男女对于性爱的不同态度。心理类,按照心理感受的情绪倾向,分为积极、消极和中性三类。发现消极倾向词语明显偏多,而且女性的消极心理词语比男性多这两个特点。试图通过与西方心理学的爱情研究理论成果对比,从社会文化、女性和男性的思想意识角度对此分析解释。
This paper describes the peony pavilion love words as the research object, the definition of the classification, and language vocabulary and psychological, will combine culture, this paper discusses about the love behind words is a reflection of the social culture and ideology.
The peony pavilion is the Ming dynasty legend play the classic, it's the most studies focused on the literature, aesthetics and traditional opera Angle. From the linguistics Angle of study very little. The peony pavilion is a love theme of the works, love is also described concentration. The love words describing as a theme classes of words of special research before people do. So, choose the peony pavilion about love words as the research object.
The paper will love description words to the definition of generalized. Love words in the original description from segmentation, and based on the definition of righteousness divided into the following five categories:environment of scenery, character class, the appellation kind, action class, the psychology class. Every kind of word or words according to the content of the gender, a tendency to classify emotions such as again, and some words or that interpretation, and number of statistics, The paper calculated the proportion, analyze it reflects the characteristics of come out, to try and from the social and cultural, ideological consciousness aspects explain. Over the course of the study used the classification, statistical analysis, comparison and analysis, etc.
Environment according to the description of scenery content into smaller class, find that there is relatively concentrated and type selection scenery scenery feminine beauty colour has to these two characteristics. The paper tried to analyze them in Chinese traditional culture in general, as well as with western culture love scene different sex selection. At that time the common reflects social love to the characteristics of weak feel mild.
Character image categories, from men and women two angles and research and, according to their respective content classification. A description of the image words found that women more than men, and women's appearance and the achievements of the male character more concern. The paper tried to the men and women love from aesthetics, choose a spouse a view aspects explain, and with contemporary marriage view is compared, and found some generality.
Appellation class, to love relationship stages of development of classification, and analyzed respectively men and women in love symmetry predicate of the use and the use of psychological, finally through the change of address, men and women love stage characteristic analysis, and the men and women in love every stage of the self psychological positioning.
Action class, according to the abstract or not, the action is a movement of the main parts of the classification, through the comparison with previous research achievements, found that the abstract words partial more action, men and women love action on different aspects about characteristics and try to analyze the social love especially sex to the views of the general, and men and women for the different attitudes of sex.
The psychology class, according to the psychological feeling emotional tendencies, divided into positive, negative or neutral three categories. Find negative words more obvious tendency to partial, and women's negative psychological words more than men this two characteristics. Trying to western psychology and the love of theoretical results contrast research, from the social culture, women and men thought consciousness view analysis explanation.
《牡丹亭》是明代传奇剧本的经典之作,对它的研究大多集中在文学、美学和戏曲学角度。从语言学角度进行研究的很少。它是一部爱情主题的作品,爱情描写也比较集中。把爱情描写词语作为一种主题类词进行专门研究的以前没有人做过。因此,选择了《牡丹亭》爱情描写词语作为研究对象。
我们将爱情描写词语进行了广义的界定。将爱情描写词语从原文中切分,并依据界定义将其分为以下五类：环境景物类、人物形象类、称谓类、动作类、心理类。每一类词语按照内容或者词语发出者的性别、情感倾向等再进行分类,并对部分词语释义或说明,然后统计数量,计算其所占比例,分析它所反映出来的特点,并试图从社会文化、思想意识的方面对此做出解释。在研究过程中使用了分类、统计、比较、分析等方法。
环境景物类按描写内容分类,发现有景物选取类型相对集中和景物色彩有阴柔喻意这两个特点。我们试图分析它们在传统文化中的共性,以及与西方文化中爱情取景的迥异性,反映出当时社会的普遍爱情感觉偏向柔弱温和的特点。人物形象类,从男女两个角度分别研究,并按照各自内容分类。发现女性形象的描写词语比男性多,而且女性的外貌和男性的成就品性更受关注。我们试图从男女的恋爱审美观、择偶观方面对此做出解释,并与当代的择偶观对比,发现了一些共性。称谓类,以恋爱关系的发展阶段分类,并分析各阶段中男性和女性对称谓语的使用情况及使用心理,最后通过称谓语的变化,分析男女恋爱的阶段特征。动作类,按照动作抽象与否、动作发出的主要部位进行分类,通过与前人的研究成果对比,发现抽象动作词语偏多,男女的爱情动作描写侧重方面不同等特点,并试图分析当时社会对爱情特别是性爱的普遍观点,以及男女对于性爱的不同态度。心理类,按照心理感受的情绪倾向,分为积极、消极和中性三类。发现消极倾向词语明显偏多,而且女性的消极心理词语比男性多这两个特点。试图通过与西方心理学的爱情研究理论成果对比,从社会文化、女性和男性的思想意识角度对此分析解释。
This paper describes the peony pavilion love words as the research object, the definition of the classification, and language vocabulary and psychological, will combine culture, this paper discusses about the love behind words is a reflection of the social culture and ideology.
The peony pavilion is the Ming dynasty legend play the classic, it's the most studies focused on the literature, aesthetics and traditional opera Angle. From the linguistics Angle of study very little. The peony pavilion is a love theme of the works, love is also described concentration. The love words describing as a theme classes of words of special research before people do. So, choose the peony pavilion about love words as the research object.
The paper will love description words to the definition of generalized. Love words in the original description from segmentation, and based on the definition of righteousness divided into the following five categories:environment of scenery, character class, the appellation kind, action class, the psychology class. Every kind of word or words according to the content of the gender, a tendency to classify emotions such as again, and some words or that interpretation, and number of statistics, The paper calculated the proportion, analyze it reflects the characteristics of come out, to try and from the social and cultural, ideological consciousness aspects explain. Over the course of the study used the classification, statistical analysis, comparison and analysis, etc.
Environment according to the description of scenery content into smaller class, find that there is relatively concentrated and type selection scenery scenery feminine beauty colour has to these two characteristics. The paper tried to analyze them in Chinese traditional culture in general, as well as with western culture love scene different sex selection. At that time the common reflects social love to the characteristics of weak feel mild.
Character image categories, from men and women two angles and research and, according to their respective content classification. A description of the image words found that women more than men, and women's appearance and the achievements of the male character more concern. The paper tried to the men and women love from aesthetics, choose a spouse a view aspects explain, and with contemporary marriage view is compared, and found some generality.
Appellation class, to love relationship stages of development of classification, and analyzed respectively men and women in love symmetry predicate of the use and the use of psychological, finally through the change of address, men and women love stage characteristic analysis, and the men and women in love every stage of the self psychological positioning.
Action class, according to the abstract or not, the action is a movement of the main parts of the classification, through the comparison with previous research achievements, found that the abstract words partial more action, men and women love action on different aspects about characteristics and try to analyze the social love especially sex to the views of the general, and men and women for the different attitudes of sex.
The psychology class, according to the psychological feeling emotional tendencies, divided into positive, negative or neutral three categories. Find negative words more obvious tendency to partial, and women's negative psychological words more than men this two characteristics. Trying to western psychology and the love of theoretical results contrast research, from the social culture, women and men thought consciousness view analysis explanation.
引文
1江巨荣.二十世纪《牡丹亭》研究概论.[J].上海：上海戏剧,1999年.第10期
2戴昭铭.文化语言学导论.[M].北京：语文出版社,1996,第24页
3 Rub in(1970).转引自：王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].华中师范大学.2006.第4页
4幸亮.《水浒传》男性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2008,第32页
5孔祥荣；王晓燕；曹桂英.547名大学生恋爱心理的调查分析.[J].北京：中国健康教育,1997年.09期
6 Buss D M进化心理学：心理的新科学,第二版.熊哲宏等译.[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2007.
7温静.《醒世姻缘传》行为动词研究.[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2006年.第3页
8幸亮.《水浒传》男性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学.2008.第36页
9刘彤.《镜花缘》女性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学.2010.第20页
10王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].华中师范大学.2006.第11页
11杨洋.心理学视野中的爱情内涵及其结构述要.[J].社会心理科学,2011年第7期
12王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2006.第7-8页
13袁小丽,张晶,刘寒秋.对依赖型人格障碍的临床分析.[J].北京：中国医药指南.2011.第28期
14王国维.人间词话[M]上海：上海古籍出版社,2008年,第101页
15杨欢.中英诗歌比喻对比：[硕士学位论文1.重庆：西南大学,2011.第26页
[1]Buss D M进化心理学：心理的新科学,第二版.熊哲宏等译.[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2007.
[2]陈红.人格与文化.[M].安徽教育出版社,2009.11.
[3]戴昭铭.文化语言学导论.[M].北京：语文出版社,1996,24-25页
[4]顾学颉,王学奇.元曲释词.[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1983.11
[5](英)里查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)著；卢允中等译.自私的基因.[M].吉林人民出版社,1998.
[6]李银河.中国人的性爱与婚姻.[M].北京：中国友谊出版社,2002
[7]南帆.文学的纬度.[M].上海：三联书店,1998.34页
[8]沈锡伦.中国传统文化和语言.[M].上海：上海教育出版社,2004
[9](明)汤显祖.牡丹亭.[M].人民文学出版社,1963.4
[10]王国维.人间词话[M]上海：上海古籍出版社,2008,97-101页
[11](元)王实甫.西厢记.[M].人民文学出版社,1995.10
[12]周国光.体态语.[M].北京：中央民族大学出版社,1997
[13]程建伟.《牡丹亭》与《荆钗记》形容词研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2010
[14]江巨荣.二十世纪《牡丹亭》研究概论.[J].上海：上海戏剧,1999.10期
[15]孔祥荣,王晓燕,曹桂英.547名大学生恋爱心理的调查分析.[J].北京：中国健康教育,1997.第9期
[16]雷岚、田照军.《汤显祖戏曲集》双音词语构词法探微.[J].呼和浩特：语文学刊,2006年
[17]刘彤.《镜花缘》女性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2010
[18]刘云.《红楼梦》心理词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2011
[19]王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2006
[20]温静.《醒世姻缘传》行为动词研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2006
[21]幸亮.《水浒传》男性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2008
[22]杨欢.中英诗歌比喻对比.[D].重庆：西南大学,2011.第26页
[23]袁小丽,张晶,刘寒秋.对依赖型人格障碍的临床分析.[J].北京：中国医药指南.2011.第28期
[1]汉语大词典.上海：汉语大词典出版社.1997
[2J汉语大字典.四川辞书出版社、湖北辞书出版社.1985
[3]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典(第5版).北京：商务印书馆.2005
2戴昭铭.文化语言学导论.[M].北京：语文出版社,1996,第24页
3 Rub in(1970).转引自：王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].华中师范大学.2006.第4页
4幸亮.《水浒传》男性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2008,第32页
5孔祥荣；王晓燕；曹桂英.547名大学生恋爱心理的调查分析.[J].北京：中国健康教育,1997年.09期
6 Buss D M进化心理学：心理的新科学,第二版.熊哲宏等译.[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2007.
7温静.《醒世姻缘传》行为动词研究.[硕士学位论文].重庆：西南大学,2006年.第3页
8幸亮.《水浒传》男性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学.2008.第36页
9刘彤.《镜花缘》女性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学.2010.第20页
10王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].华中师范大学.2006.第11页
11杨洋.心理学视野中的爱情内涵及其结构述要.[J].社会心理科学,2011年第7期
12王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2006.第7-8页
13袁小丽,张晶,刘寒秋.对依赖型人格障碍的临床分析.[J].北京：中国医药指南.2011.第28期
14王国维.人间词话[M]上海：上海古籍出版社,2008年,第101页
15杨欢.中英诗歌比喻对比：[硕士学位论文1.重庆：西南大学,2011.第26页
[1]Buss D M进化心理学：心理的新科学,第二版.熊哲宏等译.[M].上海：华东师范大学出版社,2007.
[2]陈红.人格与文化.[M].安徽教育出版社,2009.11.
[3]戴昭铭.文化语言学导论.[M].北京：语文出版社,1996,24-25页
[4]顾学颉,王学奇.元曲释词.[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社,1983.11
[5](英)里查德·道金斯(Richard Dawkins)著；卢允中等译.自私的基因.[M].吉林人民出版社,1998.
[6]李银河.中国人的性爱与婚姻.[M].北京：中国友谊出版社,2002
[7]南帆.文学的纬度.[M].上海：三联书店,1998.34页
[8]沈锡伦.中国传统文化和语言.[M].上海：上海教育出版社,2004
[9](明)汤显祖.牡丹亭.[M].人民文学出版社,1963.4
[10]王国维.人间词话[M]上海：上海古籍出版社,2008,97-101页
[11](元)王实甫.西厢记.[M].人民文学出版社,1995.10
[12]周国光.体态语.[M].北京：中央民族大学出版社,1997
[13]程建伟.《牡丹亭》与《荆钗记》形容词研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2010
[14]江巨荣.二十世纪《牡丹亭》研究概论.[J].上海：上海戏剧,1999.10期
[15]孔祥荣,王晓燕,曹桂英.547名大学生恋爱心理的调查分析.[J].北京：中国健康教育,1997.第9期
[16]雷岚、田照军.《汤显祖戏曲集》双音词语构词法探微.[J].呼和浩特：语文学刊,2006年
[17]刘彤.《镜花缘》女性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2010
[18]刘云.《红楼梦》心理词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2011
[19]王娟.中国人爱情的心理结构及其影响因素.[D].武汉：华中师范大学,2006
[20]温静.《醒世姻缘传》行为动词研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2006
[21]幸亮.《水浒传》男性描写词语研究.[D].重庆：西南大学,2008
[22]杨欢.中英诗歌比喻对比.[D].重庆：西南大学,2011.第26页
[23]袁小丽,张晶,刘寒秋.对依赖型人格障碍的临床分析.[J].北京：中国医药指南.2011.第28期
[1]汉语大词典.上海：汉语大词典出版社.1997
[2J汉语大字典.四川辞书出版社、湖北辞书出版社.1985
[3]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室.现代汉语词典(第5版).北京：商务印书馆.2005