常压蒸馏流程模拟与优化及换热网络综合
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摘要
原油常压蒸馏塔的设计及操作的好坏对于炼油企业十分重要。近年来国内外原油蒸馏塔依靠技术进步,在装置工艺流程、节能及自动控制等方面均有不同发展。其中以工艺过程机理模型为基础,化工工艺模拟技术发挥了重要作用。本文采用化工模拟软件ASPEN PLUS对某炼油厂250万吨/年常压塔进行了模拟,得到了原油蒸馏过程各塔的操作数据,包括整个装置的物料平衡数据、消耗定额,初馏塔和常压塔的温度分布、压力分布及气液相分布,并将模拟计算产品的实沸点数据与标定结果进行了对比。模拟结果表明对常压塔的化工流程模拟真实地反映了装置的运行工况。
在流程模拟的基础上,给定塔板数、原油进料流量、组分、侧线抽取参数以及常压塔各产品恩氏蒸馏温度为约束条件,以常压塔中段进料位置、中段循环参数、汽提蒸汽流量为优化决策变量,建立了以年综合收益最大为目标函数的优化模型。在ASPEN PLUS平台上进行二次开发,编写求解优化模型的FORTRAN程序,获得了良好的优化结果。
从优化后流程中提取参与换热的冷热过程物流,运用夹点分析法对换热网络进行夹点分析,得到了各冷热流体在各自温度间隔的热负荷分布情况,绘制了组合曲线和总组合曲线。运用换热网络综合软件HEXTRAN求解换热网络数学模型,获得了无分流和有分流两种换热网络。考虑到原油常压蒸馏塔的长期投资性和换热网络灵活性,选择有分流换热网络。
The design and operation of distillation column of crude oil are critical to petrochemical companies. In the recent years, technological process, saving energy and automatic control in distillation of crude oil attain huge development by technology advance. Chemical process simulation is based on mechanism of unit operation and it adopts mathematical method to simulate chemical technological process. In this paper, atmospheric distillation equipment of 25 million a year is simulated using simulation software Aspen Plus. The operation data of every column in crude oil distillation process are attained, including material balance data, consume ratio, distributions of temperature, pressure and vapor-liquid phase. True boiling point (TBP) data of simulation product are also compared with calibration data. The simulation results indicated that the process simulation reflected the real situation of the atmospheric distillation unit.
Based on the flow simulation, taken tray numbers, flow rate of crude oil, components of crude oil, parameter of products and all products' Engler distillation temperature of atmospheric distillation column as constraint conditions, taken mid-feed locations of atmospheric distillation column, cycle parameter of middle part of the column, flow rates of steam stripping as optimization decision variables, taken maximum annual net profit as objective function, optimization model is established. The model is solved by the second development of FORTRAN program on ASPEN PLUS platform. Expected optimization result is achieved.
Data of cold and hot stream extracted from the optimization flow. Pinch analysis for heat exchanger network is completed. Duty distributions of cold and hot streams in different temperature intervals are obtained. Composite curves and grand composite curves are plotted. Mathematical model of heat exchangers network (HEN) is solved by the software HEXTRAN. The HENs with and without flow splitting are obtained. By consideration of the long period investment and flexibility of atmosphere distillation column, HEN with flow splitting is suggested.
在流程模拟的基础上,给定塔板数、原油进料流量、组分、侧线抽取参数以及常压塔各产品恩氏蒸馏温度为约束条件,以常压塔中段进料位置、中段循环参数、汽提蒸汽流量为优化决策变量,建立了以年综合收益最大为目标函数的优化模型。在ASPEN PLUS平台上进行二次开发,编写求解优化模型的FORTRAN程序,获得了良好的优化结果。
从优化后流程中提取参与换热的冷热过程物流,运用夹点分析法对换热网络进行夹点分析,得到了各冷热流体在各自温度间隔的热负荷分布情况,绘制了组合曲线和总组合曲线。运用换热网络综合软件HEXTRAN求解换热网络数学模型,获得了无分流和有分流两种换热网络。考虑到原油常压蒸馏塔的长期投资性和换热网络灵活性,选择有分流换热网络。
The design and operation of distillation column of crude oil are critical to petrochemical companies. In the recent years, technological process, saving energy and automatic control in distillation of crude oil attain huge development by technology advance. Chemical process simulation is based on mechanism of unit operation and it adopts mathematical method to simulate chemical technological process. In this paper, atmospheric distillation equipment of 25 million a year is simulated using simulation software Aspen Plus. The operation data of every column in crude oil distillation process are attained, including material balance data, consume ratio, distributions of temperature, pressure and vapor-liquid phase. True boiling point (TBP) data of simulation product are also compared with calibration data. The simulation results indicated that the process simulation reflected the real situation of the atmospheric distillation unit.
Based on the flow simulation, taken tray numbers, flow rate of crude oil, components of crude oil, parameter of products and all products' Engler distillation temperature of atmospheric distillation column as constraint conditions, taken mid-feed locations of atmospheric distillation column, cycle parameter of middle part of the column, flow rates of steam stripping as optimization decision variables, taken maximum annual net profit as objective function, optimization model is established. The model is solved by the second development of FORTRAN program on ASPEN PLUS platform. Expected optimization result is achieved.
Data of cold and hot stream extracted from the optimization flow. Pinch analysis for heat exchanger network is completed. Duty distributions of cold and hot streams in different temperature intervals are obtained. Composite curves and grand composite curves are plotted. Mathematical model of heat exchangers network (HEN) is solved by the software HEXTRAN. The HENs with and without flow splitting are obtained. By consideration of the long period investment and flexibility of atmosphere distillation column, HEN with flow splitting is suggested.
引文
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[30]宋吕奇.夹点技术在石油化工中的应用[M].西安:西北工业大学,2005
[31]王莉,姚平经,袁一.换热网络的新设计方法——双温差法[J].化工进展,1993(3)
[32]张俊峰,罗雄麟.换热网络设计方法的研究进展[J].化工进展,2005,24(6):625-628
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[35]韩方煜,容本光.人工智能法合成热集成精馏流程[J].计算机于应用化学,1997,14(1):1-6
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[39]永坪炼油厂.200万吨/年常压蒸馏装置操作规程[M].陕西:永坪炼油厂,2003
[40]李军湘.化工数学模型及其最优化[J].阴山学刊,2006,20(1):14-15
[41]盖旭东,江展文,金涌.催化精馏塔通用数学模型及其求解[J].化工学报,1998,49(5):542-548
[42]王福利.精苯精馏过程稳态建模及塔操作优化的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2002
[43]章如峰,杨颖.精馏塔的模型化及优化控制[J].炼油化工自动化,1993,(5)
[44]Lang,P..Modeling of Crude Distillation Column[J].Comput.Chem.Eng,1991,15(2)
[45]M.Sedighy,S.B.Dewan,F.P.Dawson.A Robust Digital Current Control Methond for Active Power Filters[J].Industry Applications,2000,36(4)
[46]陈志奎.原油蒸馏过程的数学模型和各类软件[J].计算机与应用化学,1999,16(2):29-34
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[49]邵之江,张余岳,钱积新.面向方程联立求解的精馏塔模拟与优化一体化算法[J].化工学报,1997,48(1):46-51
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