原油蒸馏过程的模拟和优化
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摘要
原油蒸馏装置的设计及操作的好坏对于炼油企业十分重要。近年来国内外原油蒸馏装置依靠技术进步,在装置工艺流程、节能及自动控制等方面均有不同发展。其中以工艺过程机理模型为基础,采用数学方法对化工工艺过程进行模拟的技术在此过程中发挥了重要作用。本文采用化工模拟软件Aspen Plus对锦州石化公司350万吨/年的常减压装置进行了模拟,得到了原油蒸馏过程各塔的操作数据,其中包括整个装置的物料平衡数据、消耗定额,也包括初馏塔和常压塔的温度分布、压力分布及气液相分布,并将模拟计算产品的实沸点数据与标定结果进行了对比。结果表明,总物料平衡及各塔操作条件与实际数据的误差小于5%,馏程50%以前的实沸点模拟温度与实际数据相差较小,流程50%以后的实沸点模拟温度与实际数据相差较大,同时模拟误差随着模拟流程的延伸不断扩大,但总体上模拟结果与实际数据相吻合。
本文还对模拟计算灵敏度进行了分析,考察了塔顶馏出物及汽提蒸气量对拔出率的影响,结果表明拔出率随着初馏塔和常压塔塔顶馏出物的增加而增加,随常压塔蒸气量和侧线汽提量的增加而增加。本文的模拟结果为锦州石化公司350万吨/年原油蒸馏装置优化方案的确定奠定了基础。
The design and operation of distillation equipment of crude oil is critical topetrochemical companies.In the recent years,technology process,saving energy andautocontrol in distillation of crude oil attain huge development by technologydevelopment.Chemical process simulation play an importment role in this process.Chemical process simulation is based on mechanism of unit operation and it adoptmathematical method to simulate chemical technology process.In this paper ,35million/a atmospheric and vacuum distillation equipment of Jinzhou petrochemicalcompany is simulated using simulation software Aspen Plus.The operation data ofevery tower in crude oil distillation process is attained, including material balancedata of overall equipment,consume ratio,temperature distribution,pressure distributionand vapor-liquid equilibrium results. BP datas of simulation product is also comparedwith demarcated data. It shows that the error between simulation data and actual datain overall material balance and operation of every tower is below 5%.The discrepancybetween simulation PB data before 50% flow sheet and actual data is small while thatafter 50% is large. And the discrepancy increases along the simulation process.Butsimulation results accord with actual data in general. The sensitiveness of simulationis also studies in this paper.It shows that overall evulsion ration increases when theoverhead of early-distillation tower and atmospheric distillation increase. Increase ofvapor of atmospheric tower and sidetrack vapor extraction an also leads to rise ofoverall evulsion ration .The simulation results in this paper will play an important rolefor establishing operation optimizing scheme of 35 million t/a crude oil distillationequipment in Jinzhou petrochemical company.
本文还对模拟计算灵敏度进行了分析,考察了塔顶馏出物及汽提蒸气量对拔出率的影响,结果表明拔出率随着初馏塔和常压塔塔顶馏出物的增加而增加,随常压塔蒸气量和侧线汽提量的增加而增加。本文的模拟结果为锦州石化公司350万吨/年原油蒸馏装置优化方案的确定奠定了基础。
The design and operation of distillation equipment of crude oil is critical topetrochemical companies.In the recent years,technology process,saving energy andautocontrol in distillation of crude oil attain huge development by technologydevelopment.Chemical process simulation play an importment role in this process.Chemical process simulation is based on mechanism of unit operation and it adoptmathematical method to simulate chemical technology process.In this paper ,35million/a atmospheric and vacuum distillation equipment of Jinzhou petrochemicalcompany is simulated using simulation software Aspen Plus.The operation data ofevery tower in crude oil distillation process is attained, including material balancedata of overall equipment,consume ratio,temperature distribution,pressure distributionand vapor-liquid equilibrium results. BP datas of simulation product is also comparedwith demarcated data. It shows that the error between simulation data and actual datain overall material balance and operation of every tower is below 5%.The discrepancybetween simulation PB data before 50% flow sheet and actual data is small while thatafter 50% is large. And the discrepancy increases along the simulation process.Butsimulation results accord with actual data in general. The sensitiveness of simulationis also studies in this paper.It shows that overall evulsion ration increases when theoverhead of early-distillation tower and atmospheric distillation increase. Increase ofvapor of atmospheric tower and sidetrack vapor extraction an also leads to rise ofoverall evulsion ration .The simulation results in this paper will play an important rolefor establishing operation optimizing scheme of 35 million t/a crude oil distillationequipment in Jinzhou petrochemical company.
引文
[1]林世雄主编,石油炼制工程,石油工业出版社,北京, 2000
[2]南京炼油厂职工培训中心编,石油炼制基础知识,南京炼油厂,1995
[3]上海炼油厂编,常减压蒸馏,燃料化学工业出版社,北京, 1975
[4]胡德铭 钱培良,国外原油蒸馏概况,炼油设计, 1991, (1)15-19
[5]廖和壁 曾建新,常减压蒸馏技术的进展,广石化科技信息,1995,(2)1-14
[6]拉曼,化工过程计算,化学工业出版社,北京, 1992
[7]张建侯,化工过程分析与计算机模拟,化学工业出版社,北京,1989
[8]杨友麟,实用化工系统工程,化学工业出版社,北京, 1989
[9]朱开宏,化工过程流程模拟,化学工业出版社,北京, 1993
[10]Aspen Plus User Guide,Aspen Technology,Inc.,2001
[11]PRO/II User' s Guide,Simulation Science Inc.,1999
[12]CHEMCAD and CC-BATCH User' s Guide and Tutorial,Chemstations Inc.,2001
[13]DESIGN II for Windows User Guide ,WinSim Inc.,2001
[14]http://www.hyprotech.com/products/family.asp?ID=1
[15]http://www.psenterprise.com/products_gproms.html
[16]ECSS 工程化学模拟系统手册,青岛化工学院计算机与化工研究所,1993
[17]Lang p.,Modeling of A Crude Distillation Column,Computers Chem.Engng,1991,15(2)133-139
[18]Amundson N.R.et al,Multicomponent Distillation on a Large Digital Computer II.Generalization with Side-Stripping ,AICHE J,1995,5(3)295-300
[19]Cechetti R.C.et al,Pipestill Products Verify These Computer Estimates ,Hydrocarbon Process,1963,42(9)159-164
[20]Hess F.E. and Holland C.d.,Solve more distillation problems,Part7-Absorber-type pipestills,Hydrocarbon Process,1977,56(5)241-249
[21]Holland C.D.et al,Solve more distillation problems,Part 3-Application to absorbers,Hydrocarbon Process,1975,54(1)101-108
[22]Timar J.F., A New Class of Solution Method for Equilibrium Stage Processes,AIChE J,1959,16(2)229-232
[23]Russel R.A.,Chem.Engng 1983,(10)53
[24]Boston J.F.et al,A New Class of Solution Methods fof Multicomponent,Multstage SeParation Processes,Can.J.Chem.Engng,1974,52(2)52-63
[25]Naphtali L.M.et al,Multicompinent SeParation Chlculations by Linearization ,AICHE J.1971,17(1)148-153
[26]Gallum S.E.and Holland C.D.,Solve more distillation problems Part5—For highly nonideal mixtures ,Hydrocarbon Process,1976,55(1)137-144
[27]Wang J.C. and Henke G.E.,Tridiagonal Matrix for Distillation,Hydrocarbon Process ,1966,45(8)155-163
[28]Burningham D.W. and Otto F.G.,Which Computation Design for Absorbers?,Hydrocarbon Process,1967,46(10)163-170
[29]Kubicek M., Commun.ACM,1973,16(12)760
[30]Jedlovszky P.,Linear approximation: a new method for the computation of complex distillation columns,Chem.Engng.Sci.,1974,29(1)287
[31]韦士平,生产装置调优与节能,中国石化出版社,北京, 1992
[32]黄东成 戴照明,用统计方法评价常减压蒸馏操作水平,广石化科技信息 1993,(2).29-31
[33]丁泉 朱宝良等,用逐步回归分析法预测不同原油最佳掺炼比,炼油设计,1995,25(1)50-52
[34]孟纯绪 何盛宝等,模式识别优化技术在常减压蒸馏装置上的应用,石油炼制,1993,24(10)43-49
[35]徐青耀,应用模式识别技术对常减压装置进行系统优化,金山油化纤,1995,(2)20-24
[36]侯凯锋 李有润等,原油蒸馏装置的在线模拟、修正与优化,石油炼制与化工,1999,30(10)29-33
[37]余红路 沈静珠,原油蒸馏塔的内外不可行路径优化方法,化工学报,2000,51(2)215-220
[38]Furzeland R. and Morrison R.et al,On-line Optimization of Refinery Process Units usign SIMSCI' s ROM Technology,
[39]Seo J.W. and Oh M.et al, Design Optimization of Crude Oil Distillation,Chem.Eng.Technol.,2000,23(2)157-164
[40]张亚乐 徐博文等,一种改进的遗传算法在原油蒸馏过程优化中的应用,化工自动化及仪表,1997,24(3):12-17
[41]王燕 胡海兰等,常压蒸馏系统的建模与优化,石油化工自动化,2000, (5)32-35
[42]Haykin S., Neural Network—a comprehensive foundation ,Macmillan College Publishing ComPany,New York,1994
[43]陈念贻 钦佩等,模式识别方法在化学化工中的应用,科学出版社,北京,2000
[44]俞金寿 刘爱伦等,软测量技术及其在石油化工中的应用,化学工业出版社,北京,2000
[45]Nascimento C.A.O.et al, Neural network based approach for optimization of industrial chemical processes,Computers Chem. Engng.,2000,24:2303-2314
[46]Nascimento C .A .O. et al, Modeling of Industrial nylon—6,6polycondensation processes Part 2:neural networks and hybrid midels, Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1999,72:905-912
[47]Altissimi R. et al, Operation of a SeParation Plant using Artificial Neural Networks , Computers Chem. Engng.,1998,22(Suppl.):S939-S942
[48]何耀华 华贲等,系统模拟优化中的神经网络和遗传算法,石油炼制与化工,1998,29(9):53-57
[49]张述伟 曲平等,人工神经网络在低温甲醇洗系统优化中应用,大连理工大学学报,2001,41(1):50-55
[50]林世雄,石油炼制工程(上册),石油工业出版社,北京, 1988
[51]郭天民,多元气 -液平衡和精馏,化学工业出版社,北京, 1983
[52]陈志奎,原油蒸馏过程的数学模型和各类软件(Ⅲ)常减压蒸馏塔系统模型中的设计核算型严格法,计算机与应用化学,1999,16(2):125-132
[53]Aspen Plus Physical Property Data, Aspen Technology , Inc.,2001
[54] Aspen Plus Physical Property Methods and Models, Aspen Technology, Inc.,2001
[55]Aspen Plus Unit Operation Models,Aspen Technology, Inc.,2001
[2]南京炼油厂职工培训中心编,石油炼制基础知识,南京炼油厂,1995
[3]上海炼油厂编,常减压蒸馏,燃料化学工业出版社,北京, 1975
[4]胡德铭 钱培良,国外原油蒸馏概况,炼油设计, 1991, (1)15-19
[5]廖和壁 曾建新,常减压蒸馏技术的进展,广石化科技信息,1995,(2)1-14
[6]拉曼,化工过程计算,化学工业出版社,北京, 1992
[7]张建侯,化工过程分析与计算机模拟,化学工业出版社,北京,1989
[8]杨友麟,实用化工系统工程,化学工业出版社,北京, 1989
[9]朱开宏,化工过程流程模拟,化学工业出版社,北京, 1993
[10]Aspen Plus User Guide,Aspen Technology,Inc.,2001
[11]PRO/II User' s Guide,Simulation Science Inc.,1999
[12]CHEMCAD and CC-BATCH User' s Guide and Tutorial,Chemstations Inc.,2001
[13]DESIGN II for Windows User Guide ,WinSim Inc.,2001
[14]http://www.hyprotech.com/products/family.asp?ID=1
[15]http://www.psenterprise.com/products_gproms.html
[16]ECSS 工程化学模拟系统手册,青岛化工学院计算机与化工研究所,1993
[17]Lang p.,Modeling of A Crude Distillation Column,Computers Chem.Engng,1991,15(2)133-139
[18]Amundson N.R.et al,Multicomponent Distillation on a Large Digital Computer II.Generalization with Side-Stripping ,AICHE J,1995,5(3)295-300
[19]Cechetti R.C.et al,Pipestill Products Verify These Computer Estimates ,Hydrocarbon Process,1963,42(9)159-164
[20]Hess F.E. and Holland C.d.,Solve more distillation problems,Part7-Absorber-type pipestills,Hydrocarbon Process,1977,56(5)241-249
[21]Holland C.D.et al,Solve more distillation problems,Part 3-Application to absorbers,Hydrocarbon Process,1975,54(1)101-108
[22]Timar J.F., A New Class of Solution Method for Equilibrium Stage Processes,AIChE J,1959,16(2)229-232
[23]Russel R.A.,Chem.Engng 1983,(10)53
[24]Boston J.F.et al,A New Class of Solution Methods fof Multicomponent,Multstage SeParation Processes,Can.J.Chem.Engng,1974,52(2)52-63
[25]Naphtali L.M.et al,Multicompinent SeParation Chlculations by Linearization ,AICHE J.1971,17(1)148-153
[26]Gallum S.E.and Holland C.D.,Solve more distillation problems Part5—For highly nonideal mixtures ,Hydrocarbon Process,1976,55(1)137-144
[27]Wang J.C. and Henke G.E.,Tridiagonal Matrix for Distillation,Hydrocarbon Process ,1966,45(8)155-163
[28]Burningham D.W. and Otto F.G.,Which Computation Design for Absorbers?,Hydrocarbon Process,1967,46(10)163-170
[29]Kubicek M., Commun.ACM,1973,16(12)760
[30]Jedlovszky P.,Linear approximation: a new method for the computation of complex distillation columns,Chem.Engng.Sci.,1974,29(1)287
[31]韦士平,生产装置调优与节能,中国石化出版社,北京, 1992
[32]黄东成 戴照明,用统计方法评价常减压蒸馏操作水平,广石化科技信息 1993,(2).29-31
[33]丁泉 朱宝良等,用逐步回归分析法预测不同原油最佳掺炼比,炼油设计,1995,25(1)50-52
[34]孟纯绪 何盛宝等,模式识别优化技术在常减压蒸馏装置上的应用,石油炼制,1993,24(10)43-49
[35]徐青耀,应用模式识别技术对常减压装置进行系统优化,金山油化纤,1995,(2)20-24
[36]侯凯锋 李有润等,原油蒸馏装置的在线模拟、修正与优化,石油炼制与化工,1999,30(10)29-33
[37]余红路 沈静珠,原油蒸馏塔的内外不可行路径优化方法,化工学报,2000,51(2)215-220
[38]Furzeland R. and Morrison R.et al,On-line Optimization of Refinery Process Units usign SIMSCI' s ROM Technology,
[39]Seo J.W. and Oh M.et al, Design Optimization of Crude Oil Distillation,Chem.Eng.Technol.,2000,23(2)157-164
[40]张亚乐 徐博文等,一种改进的遗传算法在原油蒸馏过程优化中的应用,化工自动化及仪表,1997,24(3):12-17
[41]王燕 胡海兰等,常压蒸馏系统的建模与优化,石油化工自动化,2000, (5)32-35
[42]Haykin S., Neural Network—a comprehensive foundation ,Macmillan College Publishing ComPany,New York,1994
[43]陈念贻 钦佩等,模式识别方法在化学化工中的应用,科学出版社,北京,2000
[44]俞金寿 刘爱伦等,软测量技术及其在石油化工中的应用,化学工业出版社,北京,2000
[45]Nascimento C.A.O.et al, Neural network based approach for optimization of industrial chemical processes,Computers Chem. Engng.,2000,24:2303-2314
[46]Nascimento C .A .O. et al, Modeling of Industrial nylon—6,6polycondensation processes Part 2:neural networks and hybrid midels, Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1999,72:905-912
[47]Altissimi R. et al, Operation of a SeParation Plant using Artificial Neural Networks , Computers Chem. Engng.,1998,22(Suppl.):S939-S942
[48]何耀华 华贲等,系统模拟优化中的神经网络和遗传算法,石油炼制与化工,1998,29(9):53-57
[49]张述伟 曲平等,人工神经网络在低温甲醇洗系统优化中应用,大连理工大学学报,2001,41(1):50-55
[50]林世雄,石油炼制工程(上册),石油工业出版社,北京, 1988
[51]郭天民,多元气 -液平衡和精馏,化学工业出版社,北京, 1983
[52]陈志奎,原油蒸馏过程的数学模型和各类软件(Ⅲ)常减压蒸馏塔系统模型中的设计核算型严格法,计算机与应用化学,1999,16(2):125-132
[53]Aspen Plus Physical Property Data, Aspen Technology , Inc.,2001
[54] Aspen Plus Physical Property Methods and Models, Aspen Technology, Inc.,2001
[55]Aspen Plus Unit Operation Models,Aspen Technology, Inc.,2001