高效沉淀技术在城市污水深度处理中的试验研究
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摘要
本论文采用高效沉淀装置,以生活污水处理厂二沉池出水为原水,通过静态试验设计及动态试验,开展了高效沉淀技术在城市污水深度处理中的试验研究,确定了高效沉淀池的最适运行参数,研究了不同污泥回流量及不同混凝剂投加量对污染物去除效果的影响,进一步明确了高效沉淀池的运行机理。试验研究结果如下：
(1)静态试验正交表采用L16(44),综合评价指标为SS、TP。静态试验结果为：混凝剂种类及投加量为：FeCl3,12.31mg/L(以Fe3+计)；助凝剂种类及投加量为：PAM,0.80mg/L；搅拌速度为：快速搅拌1min、转速120r/min,慢速搅拌15min、转速80r/min,静沉40min。
(2)高效沉淀技术对生活污水厂二沉池出水中SS、TP、COD有很好的处理效果,去除率可达到80%左右,去除效果稳定,但对TN、氨氮的去除效果不明显。
(3)污泥回流对高效沉淀装置的运行效果有较大影响,而适宜的污泥回流,增加了装置内污泥颗粒浓度,可相应降低混凝剂投加量。控制装置进水量为120L/h,混凝剂投加量为12.31mg/L(以Fe3+计),系统采用间歇排泥,设定0、40、60、80、100、120、160L/h共7个工况运行比选试验,确定适宜污泥回流量为60L/h。本试验条件下,出水SS、TP、COD分别为10mg/L、0.55mg/L、40.11mg/L,去除率分别73.19%、85.01%和75.10%。控制装置进水量为120L/h,污泥回流量为60L/h,系统采用间歇排泥,设定8.20、9.23、10.26、11.28、12.31mg/L(以Fe3+计)共5个工况运行比选试验,确定适宜的混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L(以Fe3+计)。本试验条件下,出水SS、TP、COD分别为10mg/L、0.49mg/L、49.08mg/L,去除率分别84.62%、85.42%和81.00%。
(4)高效沉淀装置对污水厂二沉池出水中粒径≥12μm的颗粒可完全去除,对粒径在3-12μm的颗粒可部分去除,对粒径≤3μm的颗粒则几乎没有去除能力。SS平均去除率为79.07%,出水SS值为9mg/L。
(5)控制装置的污泥回流量为60L/h、混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L(以Fe3+计),改变污泥回流的时间,设定30、50、60、70、80min共5个工况运行比选试验,确定污泥体系稳定时间为60min。本试验条件下,出水SS、TP、COD分别为8mg/L、0.49mg/L、44.91mg/L,去除率分别87.88%、80.63%和81.87%。
(6)小型装置污泥体系运行稳定后,不同工况下污泥浓度及污泥沉降性能的分析可知：污泥回流量为60L/h时,形成的污泥絮体相对其他工况具有更好的污泥沉降性能,对中水站二沉池出水中各污染指标有较好的去除效果；混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L时,形成的污泥浓度较高且具有较好的污泥沉降性能,絮体颗粒密实,相对其他工况有很明显的处理优势。
(7)小型装置污泥体系运行稳定后,不同工况下污泥颗粒图片的比较分析可知：污泥回流量为60L/h时,形成的污泥絮体颗粒较大且密实,颗粒物含量较高,颗粒碰撞几率增大,形成的污泥絮体具有很好的沉降性能；混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L(以Fe3+计)时,形成污泥絮体矾花颗粒较大且密实,颗粒物含量较高,有利于污泥絮体吸附沉淀,而且在试验过程中,可明显观察到絮体沉降速度相对其他工况较快。
In this thesis, efficient precipitation device was used, and the raw water came from secondary settling tank effluent of sewage treatment plant.Through static test design and dynamic test, the study on efficient precipitation technique in advanced treatment of urban wastewater was carried out.Optimum operating parameters for efficient sedimentation tanks had been determined.Meanwhile, the effects of different sludge return flow and coagulant dosage on pollutant removal were studied,and the operation mechanism of efficient sedimentation tanks was further defined.
The results of the experimental study are as follows:
(1) The orthogonal table of static test was L16(44), and comprehensive evaluations were SS, TP. The results of static test were the following three aspects:coagulant kinds and dosage were FeCl3and12.31mg/L (Fe3+),and flocculant kinds and dosage were PAM and0.80mg/L, and the stirring speed were rapid stirring lmin of120r/min, slow stirring15min of80r/min and stationary40min.
(2) Efficient precipitation technique had good treatment effect on SS, TP and COD,and the removal rate of them were about80%, but had worse treatment effect for TN and NH4-N.
(3) Sludge recycle had a great impact on the operations of efficient sedimentation tank. Suitable sludge return could increase the particle concentration and particle density of the sedimentation tank, so coagulant dosage could be reduced.The influent of device was120L/h, and coagulant dosage was12.31mg/L(Fe3+),and the system used intermittent mud.In this case, the test had7test conditions, respectively of0,40,60,80,100,120,160L/h.Through tests, suitable sludge recycle for60L/h was sure. In this situation, the SS, TP and COD values of effluent were10mg/L,0.55mg/L,40.11mg/L,and the removal rate of SS, TP and COD reached 73.19%,85.01%,75.10%.Sludge return flow was60L/h, and the system used intermittent mud.In this case, the test had5test conditions, respectively of8.20,9.23,10.26.11.28.12.31mg/L(Fe3+). Through tests, suitable dosing quantity of coagulant was10.26mg/L (Fe3+).In this situation, the SS, TP and COD values of effluent were10mg/L,0.49mg/L,49.08mg/L,and the removal rate of SS, TP and COD reached84.62%,85.42%,81.00%.
(4) The results show that those particles (size≥12μm) could be removed completely by efficient precipitation tank, and the particles (size from3to12μm) could be partially re-moved, and other particles (size≤3μm) almost no removal capacity. The SS value of effluent was9mg/L, and the average removal rate was79.07%.
(5) Sludge return flow was60L/h, and coagulant dosage was10.26mg/L(Fe3+). In this case, the test had5test conditions, respectively of30、50、60、70、80min.Through tests, sludge system settling time for60min was sure, by changing the time of sludge return. In this situation, the SS, TP and COD values of effluent were8mg/L,0.49mg/L,44.91mg/L,and the removal rate of SS, TP and COD reached87.88%,80.63%,81.87%.
(6) When sludge return flow was60L/h after sludge system stable of device, the sludge flocs had better sludge settleability relative to other conditions, and had better removal effect on the pollution indicators.When coagulant dosage was10.26mg/L(Fe3+)after sludge system stable of device, sludge concentration was high and the sludge flocs had better sludge settleability.The device had processing advantages relative to other conditions.
(7) In different conditions, sludge particle pictures showed that:When sludge return flow was60L/h after sludge system stable of device, sludge flocs particles had good compaction.Particles collision probability increased. The sludge had better sludge settleability.When coagulant dosage was10.26mg/L(Fe3+), floc alum particles were large and compaction.High content of particulate matters were good at sludge adsorption.During the test, it could be observed that the settling velocity of flocs was relatively faster to other conditions.
(1)静态试验正交表采用L16(44),综合评价指标为SS、TP。静态试验结果为：混凝剂种类及投加量为：FeCl3,12.31mg/L(以Fe3+计)；助凝剂种类及投加量为：PAM,0.80mg/L；搅拌速度为：快速搅拌1min、转速120r/min,慢速搅拌15min、转速80r/min,静沉40min。
(2)高效沉淀技术对生活污水厂二沉池出水中SS、TP、COD有很好的处理效果,去除率可达到80%左右,去除效果稳定,但对TN、氨氮的去除效果不明显。
(3)污泥回流对高效沉淀装置的运行效果有较大影响,而适宜的污泥回流,增加了装置内污泥颗粒浓度,可相应降低混凝剂投加量。控制装置进水量为120L/h,混凝剂投加量为12.31mg/L(以Fe3+计),系统采用间歇排泥,设定0、40、60、80、100、120、160L/h共7个工况运行比选试验,确定适宜污泥回流量为60L/h。本试验条件下,出水SS、TP、COD分别为10mg/L、0.55mg/L、40.11mg/L,去除率分别73.19%、85.01%和75.10%。控制装置进水量为120L/h,污泥回流量为60L/h,系统采用间歇排泥,设定8.20、9.23、10.26、11.28、12.31mg/L(以Fe3+计)共5个工况运行比选试验,确定适宜的混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L(以Fe3+计)。本试验条件下,出水SS、TP、COD分别为10mg/L、0.49mg/L、49.08mg/L,去除率分别84.62%、85.42%和81.00%。
(4)高效沉淀装置对污水厂二沉池出水中粒径≥12μm的颗粒可完全去除,对粒径在3-12μm的颗粒可部分去除,对粒径≤3μm的颗粒则几乎没有去除能力。SS平均去除率为79.07%,出水SS值为9mg/L。
(5)控制装置的污泥回流量为60L/h、混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L(以Fe3+计),改变污泥回流的时间,设定30、50、60、70、80min共5个工况运行比选试验,确定污泥体系稳定时间为60min。本试验条件下,出水SS、TP、COD分别为8mg/L、0.49mg/L、44.91mg/L,去除率分别87.88%、80.63%和81.87%。
(6)小型装置污泥体系运行稳定后,不同工况下污泥浓度及污泥沉降性能的分析可知：污泥回流量为60L/h时,形成的污泥絮体相对其他工况具有更好的污泥沉降性能,对中水站二沉池出水中各污染指标有较好的去除效果；混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L时,形成的污泥浓度较高且具有较好的污泥沉降性能,絮体颗粒密实,相对其他工况有很明显的处理优势。
(7)小型装置污泥体系运行稳定后,不同工况下污泥颗粒图片的比较分析可知：污泥回流量为60L/h时,形成的污泥絮体颗粒较大且密实,颗粒物含量较高,颗粒碰撞几率增大,形成的污泥絮体具有很好的沉降性能；混凝剂投加量为10.26mg/L(以Fe3+计)时,形成污泥絮体矾花颗粒较大且密实,颗粒物含量较高,有利于污泥絮体吸附沉淀,而且在试验过程中,可明显观察到絮体沉降速度相对其他工况较快。
In this thesis, efficient precipitation device was used, and the raw water came from secondary settling tank effluent of sewage treatment plant.Through static test design and dynamic test, the study on efficient precipitation technique in advanced treatment of urban wastewater was carried out.Optimum operating parameters for efficient sedimentation tanks had been determined.Meanwhile, the effects of different sludge return flow and coagulant dosage on pollutant removal were studied,and the operation mechanism of efficient sedimentation tanks was further defined.
The results of the experimental study are as follows:
(1) The orthogonal table of static test was L16(44), and comprehensive evaluations were SS, TP. The results of static test were the following three aspects:coagulant kinds and dosage were FeCl3and12.31mg/L (Fe3+),and flocculant kinds and dosage were PAM and0.80mg/L, and the stirring speed were rapid stirring lmin of120r/min, slow stirring15min of80r/min and stationary40min.
(2) Efficient precipitation technique had good treatment effect on SS, TP and COD,and the removal rate of them were about80%, but had worse treatment effect for TN and NH4-N.
(3) Sludge recycle had a great impact on the operations of efficient sedimentation tank. Suitable sludge return could increase the particle concentration and particle density of the sedimentation tank, so coagulant dosage could be reduced.The influent of device was120L/h, and coagulant dosage was12.31mg/L(Fe3+),and the system used intermittent mud.In this case, the test had7test conditions, respectively of0,40,60,80,100,120,160L/h.Through tests, suitable sludge recycle for60L/h was sure. In this situation, the SS, TP and COD values of effluent were10mg/L,0.55mg/L,40.11mg/L,and the removal rate of SS, TP and COD reached 73.19%,85.01%,75.10%.Sludge return flow was60L/h, and the system used intermittent mud.In this case, the test had5test conditions, respectively of8.20,9.23,10.26.11.28.12.31mg/L(Fe3+). Through tests, suitable dosing quantity of coagulant was10.26mg/L (Fe3+).In this situation, the SS, TP and COD values of effluent were10mg/L,0.49mg/L,49.08mg/L,and the removal rate of SS, TP and COD reached84.62%,85.42%,81.00%.
(4) The results show that those particles (size≥12μm) could be removed completely by efficient precipitation tank, and the particles (size from3to12μm) could be partially re-moved, and other particles (size≤3μm) almost no removal capacity. The SS value of effluent was9mg/L, and the average removal rate was79.07%.
(5) Sludge return flow was60L/h, and coagulant dosage was10.26mg/L(Fe3+). In this case, the test had5test conditions, respectively of30、50、60、70、80min.Through tests, sludge system settling time for60min was sure, by changing the time of sludge return. In this situation, the SS, TP and COD values of effluent were8mg/L,0.49mg/L,44.91mg/L,and the removal rate of SS, TP and COD reached87.88%,80.63%,81.87%.
(6) When sludge return flow was60L/h after sludge system stable of device, the sludge flocs had better sludge settleability relative to other conditions, and had better removal effect on the pollution indicators.When coagulant dosage was10.26mg/L(Fe3+)after sludge system stable of device, sludge concentration was high and the sludge flocs had better sludge settleability.The device had processing advantages relative to other conditions.
(7) In different conditions, sludge particle pictures showed that:When sludge return flow was60L/h after sludge system stable of device, sludge flocs particles had good compaction.Particles collision probability increased. The sludge had better sludge settleability.When coagulant dosage was10.26mg/L(Fe3+), floc alum particles were large and compaction.High content of particulate matters were good at sludge adsorption.During the test, it could be observed that the settling velocity of flocs was relatively faster to other conditions.
引文
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