太阳电池阵列特性现场测试设备研究
|
摘要
随着经济的发展,能源问题越来越突出,作为可再生能源的太阳能光伏产业在未来将会有更大的发展空间。为合理配置太阳能电站的电池阵列、提高发电效率、降低发电成本,需要对太阳电池阵列的特性进行现场测试并做出分析。在比较分析了现有的太阳能电池阵列现场测试方法的基础上,本文采用了动态电容充电测量的测试方法,设计并研制出基于TI公司的TMS320F2806DSP的太阳电池阵列测试仪样机。本文主要工作及创新在于:
1.在基于TMS320F2806DSP下位机测试控制部分的硬件电路中为电压和电流采样各设置了四路不同量程的采样通道。采样时通过软件判断自动选择最合适的量程,提高电压和电流大范围测量时的精度;
2.在为电压和电流选择合适的量程及采样周期时,除采用预采样的方法外,在本测试仪样机中还尝试采用公式估算的方法。与预采样的方法相比,公式估算的方法只需要对电容进行一次充放电操作就能完成整个测量过程,使测试过程更加快速;
3.对测试得到的数据按电压值进行了从小到大的升序重组,对电流数据进行了递推中位值平均滤波法的数字滤波处理,可消除由于偶然出现的脉冲性干扰所引起的采样值偏差;
4.对辅助电源、测试控制电路和液晶显示进行了一体化的设计,使太阳电池阵列特性的测量和显示可以在本测试仪上一次完成。
5.本测试仪样机可以利用太阳电池的数学模型以及测量的实时数据对阵列特性曲线进行预估、分析。
通过对太阳电池阵列进行实际测量,实验结果表明:该样机测试系统运行稳定、携带方便、测量精度较高、一次完整的测试只需10s左右,测试比较快速,并且测量得到的伏安特性可以在液晶上直接以曲线的形式显示,使测得的阵列特性更为直观,能满足工程应用的需要。
With economic development, the energy issue has become more prominent. As a renewable energy, photovoltaic industry will have greater room for development. For the rational configuration of the solar arrays in a solar power station, improving efficiency and reducing the costs of power generation, there it is necessary for to test and analyse the characteristics of the solar arrays of on-in site testing and analysis. After comparing the existing solar array site testing methods, in the paper , capacitance charging dynamic testing method is adopted and a solar array tester prototype is designed, that which is based on TI's TMS320F2806DSP .The main points and new points in this paper as follows:
1. There are four sampling channels that cover different scales for each sampling voltage and current respectively in the hardware circuit of the testing-control part based on TMS320F2806DSP. During sampling ,software can automatically select the most suitable scale to improve the large-scale measurement accuracy.
2. In addition to pre-sampling method to select suitable testing scale and sampling period for voltage and current sampling, the formula estimating method is tried. Compared to pre-sampling method , formula estimating method only need to conduct capacitor charging and discharging operation at a time, whick makes the testing process more rapidly.
3. The voltage data on the test was reformed from small to large ;the current data was handled in Digital Filter,using the recurrence deduce median value method. This can reduce sampling errors which are aused by the pulse of accidental interference .
4. The auxiliary power supply, testing -control circuit and LCD are integrated together so that the characteristics of the solar arrays can be measured and displayed at the same time by the prototype tester;
5. Both the solar cells' mathematical model and the measured data can be used to estimate and analysis characteristic curve of the solar array.
The experiment results via testing the actual solar arrays show that the testing system operates stabely, easy to carry,has with higher measurement accuracy, a complete testing will take about 10s, measurement process is rapid, and the measured characteristics of solar arrays can displayed on LCD directly in the form of a curve that made the characteristics of solar arrays more illustratable and comprehensible. It can meet the needs of engineering.
1.在基于TMS320F2806DSP下位机测试控制部分的硬件电路中为电压和电流采样各设置了四路不同量程的采样通道。采样时通过软件判断自动选择最合适的量程,提高电压和电流大范围测量时的精度;
2.在为电压和电流选择合适的量程及采样周期时,除采用预采样的方法外,在本测试仪样机中还尝试采用公式估算的方法。与预采样的方法相比,公式估算的方法只需要对电容进行一次充放电操作就能完成整个测量过程,使测试过程更加快速;
3.对测试得到的数据按电压值进行了从小到大的升序重组,对电流数据进行了递推中位值平均滤波法的数字滤波处理,可消除由于偶然出现的脉冲性干扰所引起的采样值偏差;
4.对辅助电源、测试控制电路和液晶显示进行了一体化的设计,使太阳电池阵列特性的测量和显示可以在本测试仪上一次完成。
5.本测试仪样机可以利用太阳电池的数学模型以及测量的实时数据对阵列特性曲线进行预估、分析。
通过对太阳电池阵列进行实际测量,实验结果表明:该样机测试系统运行稳定、携带方便、测量精度较高、一次完整的测试只需10s左右,测试比较快速,并且测量得到的伏安特性可以在液晶上直接以曲线的形式显示,使测得的阵列特性更为直观,能满足工程应用的需要。
With economic development, the energy issue has become more prominent. As a renewable energy, photovoltaic industry will have greater room for development. For the rational configuration of the solar arrays in a solar power station, improving efficiency and reducing the costs of power generation, there it is necessary for to test and analyse the characteristics of the solar arrays of on-in site testing and analysis. After comparing the existing solar array site testing methods, in the paper , capacitance charging dynamic testing method is adopted and a solar array tester prototype is designed, that which is based on TI's TMS320F2806DSP .The main points and new points in this paper as follows:
1. There are four sampling channels that cover different scales for each sampling voltage and current respectively in the hardware circuit of the testing-control part based on TMS320F2806DSP. During sampling ,software can automatically select the most suitable scale to improve the large-scale measurement accuracy.
2. In addition to pre-sampling method to select suitable testing scale and sampling period for voltage and current sampling, the formula estimating method is tried. Compared to pre-sampling method , formula estimating method only need to conduct capacitor charging and discharging operation at a time, whick makes the testing process more rapidly.
3. The voltage data on the test was reformed from small to large ;the current data was handled in Digital Filter,using the recurrence deduce median value method. This can reduce sampling errors which are aused by the pulse of accidental interference .
4. The auxiliary power supply, testing -control circuit and LCD are integrated together so that the characteristics of the solar arrays can be measured and displayed at the same time by the prototype tester;
5. Both the solar cells' mathematical model and the measured data can be used to estimate and analysis characteristic curve of the solar array.
The experiment results via testing the actual solar arrays show that the testing system operates stabely, easy to carry,has with higher measurement accuracy, a complete testing will take about 10s, measurement process is rapid, and the measured characteristics of solar arrays can displayed on LCD directly in the form of a curve that made the characteristics of solar arrays more illustratable and comprehensible. It can meet the needs of engineering.
引文
[1]王长贵,王斯成,《太阳能光伏发电实用技术》[M],化学工业出版社,2005.9
[2]沈辉,曾祖勤,《太阳能光伏发电技术》[M],化学工业出版社,2005.9
[3]赖纪东,户用光伏水泵变频控制器的研制[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2007.5
[4]赵玉文,二十一世纪太阳能光伏发电发展趋势和展望[J],北京市太阳能研究所论文汇编,1999
[5]车孝轩,《太阳能光伏系统概论》[M],武汉大学出版社,2006.10
[6]罗运俊,何梓年,王长贵,《太阳能利用技术》[M],化学工业出版社,2005.1
[7]翟秀静,刘奎仁,韩庆,《新能源技术》[M],化学工业出版社,2005.9
[8]中国投资咨询网,2007年中国太阳能电池行业分析及投资咨询报告[D],2007.5
[9]杜艳,太阳电池阵列的工作特性测试与预估研究[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2004.6
[10]朱小强,光伏阵列测试方法的研究及实现[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2005.5
[11]余世杰,何慧若译,《太阳能的光伏利用》[M],合肥工业大学能源研究所,1991.9
[12]汪海宁,光伏并网功率调节系统及其控制的研究[D],合肥工业大学博士论文,2005.7
[13]蒋永和,光伏并网电压型逆变器电压控制策略及MPPT研究[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2007.6
[14]朱小强,杜艳,苏建辉,张国荣,太阳能阵列光伏特性测试的研究和应用[J],中国高等学校电力系统及自动化专业第二十界学术年会论文集,P485-487
[15]以驹,郑建邦,刘德峰,基于声卡和MATLAB的太阳电池伏安特性自动测试系统[J],传感技术学报,2006.4第2期第19卷,P447-449
[16]张玉存,刘彬,基于虚拟仪器下的太阳能电池模块测试系统[J],传感技术学报,2003.9第3期,P370-373
[17]王志明,张洪欣,四线制测量在单体太阳电池测试系统中的应用[J],电子测量技术,2006.12第6期第29卷,P12-13
[18]张洪欣,王志明,李磊,一种智能太阳电池测试仪的研究[J],机械与电子,2006.9,P72-74
[19]季秉厚,太阳电池电性能的自动测试与描绘[J],太阳能学报,1990.9,P10-13
[20]张克农,赵云鹏,蒋昕,张庆龙,自带光源的便携式太阳电池阵列测试系统[J],可再生能源,2005.4,P29-31121]D.J.Mbewe,H.C.Card and D.C.Card,"A Model of Silicon Solar Cells for Concentrator Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic/Thermal System Design",Solar Energy,Vol.35,No.3,1985,
[22]H.S.Rauschenbach,"Solar Cell Array Design Handbook",Litton Educational Pub]ishing Inc,1980
[23]s.Singer,B.Bozenshtein and S.Surazi,"Characterization of PV Array Output Using a Small Number of Measured Parameters",Solar Energy,Vol.32,No.5,1984
[24]Ziyad Salameh,Arun K.Mulpur and Fouad Dagher,"Two-Stage Electrical ArrayReconfigurationController forPV-PoweredWaterPump",Solar Energy,Vol.44,No.1,1990
[25]苏建徽,余世杰等,数字式太阳电池阵列模拟器[J],太阳能学报,2001年
[26]徐林,崔容强等,对太阳电池I-V曲线进行拟合的数论方法[J],太阳能学报,2000.4第2期第21卷,P161-164
[27]苏建辉,余世杰等,硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[J],太阳能学报,2001.10第4期第22卷,P409-412
[28]陈中化,赵敏容等,硅太阳电池数学模型的简化[J],上海电力学院学报,2006.6第2期第22卷,P178-180
[29]任明凡,王培珍,太阳电池Ⅰ-U特性曲线的拟合[J],安徽工业大学学报,2007.4第2期第24卷,P195-198
[30]王平,太阳电池测试仪中数学模型的建立[J],仪器仪表学报,2002.8第4期第23卷,P434-436
[31]张卫宁编译,《TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设》[M],清华大学出版社,2004.9
[32]张卫宁编译,《TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU指令和编程指南》[M],清华大学出版社,2004.9
[33]薛定宇,陈阳泉,《基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用》[M],清华大学出版社,2002.4
[34]张占松,蔡宣三,《开关电源的原理与设计》[M],电子工业出版社,2005
[35]DS18820单总线数字温度计使用说明手册。
[36]徐科军,陈荣保,张崇巍,《自动检测和仪表中的共性技术》[M],清华大学出版社,2001
[37]黄俊,王兆安,《电力电子技术》第四版[M],机械工业出版社,2000
[38]康华光,《模拟电子技术基础》[M],华中理工大学出版社,1997
[39]李序葆,赵永健,《电力电子器件及其应用》[M],机械工业出版社,1995.
[2]沈辉,曾祖勤,《太阳能光伏发电技术》[M],化学工业出版社,2005.9
[3]赖纪东,户用光伏水泵变频控制器的研制[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2007.5
[4]赵玉文,二十一世纪太阳能光伏发电发展趋势和展望[J],北京市太阳能研究所论文汇编,1999
[5]车孝轩,《太阳能光伏系统概论》[M],武汉大学出版社,2006.10
[6]罗运俊,何梓年,王长贵,《太阳能利用技术》[M],化学工业出版社,2005.1
[7]翟秀静,刘奎仁,韩庆,《新能源技术》[M],化学工业出版社,2005.9
[8]中国投资咨询网,2007年中国太阳能电池行业分析及投资咨询报告[D],2007.5
[9]杜艳,太阳电池阵列的工作特性测试与预估研究[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2004.6
[10]朱小强,光伏阵列测试方法的研究及实现[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2005.5
[11]余世杰,何慧若译,《太阳能的光伏利用》[M],合肥工业大学能源研究所,1991.9
[12]汪海宁,光伏并网功率调节系统及其控制的研究[D],合肥工业大学博士论文,2005.7
[13]蒋永和,光伏并网电压型逆变器电压控制策略及MPPT研究[D],合肥工业大学硕士论文,2007.6
[14]朱小强,杜艳,苏建辉,张国荣,太阳能阵列光伏特性测试的研究和应用[J],中国高等学校电力系统及自动化专业第二十界学术年会论文集,P485-487
[15]以驹,郑建邦,刘德峰,基于声卡和MATLAB的太阳电池伏安特性自动测试系统[J],传感技术学报,2006.4第2期第19卷,P447-449
[16]张玉存,刘彬,基于虚拟仪器下的太阳能电池模块测试系统[J],传感技术学报,2003.9第3期,P370-373
[17]王志明,张洪欣,四线制测量在单体太阳电池测试系统中的应用[J],电子测量技术,2006.12第6期第29卷,P12-13
[18]张洪欣,王志明,李磊,一种智能太阳电池测试仪的研究[J],机械与电子,2006.9,P72-74
[19]季秉厚,太阳电池电性能的自动测试与描绘[J],太阳能学报,1990.9,P10-13
[20]张克农,赵云鹏,蒋昕,张庆龙,自带光源的便携式太阳电池阵列测试系统[J],可再生能源,2005.4,P29-31121]D.J.Mbewe,H.C.Card and D.C.Card,"A Model of Silicon Solar Cells for Concentrator Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic/Thermal System Design",Solar Energy,Vol.35,No.3,1985,
[22]H.S.Rauschenbach,"Solar Cell Array Design Handbook",Litton Educational Pub]ishing Inc,1980
[23]s.Singer,B.Bozenshtein and S.Surazi,"Characterization of PV Array Output Using a Small Number of Measured Parameters",Solar Energy,Vol.32,No.5,1984
[24]Ziyad Salameh,Arun K.Mulpur and Fouad Dagher,"Two-Stage Electrical ArrayReconfigurationController forPV-PoweredWaterPump",Solar Energy,Vol.44,No.1,1990
[25]苏建徽,余世杰等,数字式太阳电池阵列模拟器[J],太阳能学报,2001年
[26]徐林,崔容强等,对太阳电池I-V曲线进行拟合的数论方法[J],太阳能学报,2000.4第2期第21卷,P161-164
[27]苏建辉,余世杰等,硅太阳电池工程用数学模型[J],太阳能学报,2001.10第4期第22卷,P409-412
[28]陈中化,赵敏容等,硅太阳电池数学模型的简化[J],上海电力学院学报,2006.6第2期第22卷,P178-180
[29]任明凡,王培珍,太阳电池Ⅰ-U特性曲线的拟合[J],安徽工业大学学报,2007.4第2期第24卷,P195-198
[30]王平,太阳电池测试仪中数学模型的建立[J],仪器仪表学报,2002.8第4期第23卷,P434-436
[31]张卫宁编译,《TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU与外设》[M],清华大学出版社,2004.9
[32]张卫宁编译,《TMS320C28X系列DSP的CPU指令和编程指南》[M],清华大学出版社,2004.9
[33]薛定宇,陈阳泉,《基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用》[M],清华大学出版社,2002.4
[34]张占松,蔡宣三,《开关电源的原理与设计》[M],电子工业出版社,2005
[35]DS18820单总线数字温度计使用说明手册。
[36]徐科军,陈荣保,张崇巍,《自动检测和仪表中的共性技术》[M],清华大学出版社,2001
[37]黄俊,王兆安,《电力电子技术》第四版[M],机械工业出版社,2000
[38]康华光,《模拟电子技术基础》[M],华中理工大学出版社,1997
[39]李序葆,赵永健,《电力电子器件及其应用》[M],机械工业出版社,1995.