网络环境下若干关键制造资源的自组织原理和方法研究及其在汽配企业的应用
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摘要
制造领域中对互联网的使用日益广泛,其中通过互联网来发现、组织和使用制造资源是一项重要内容。本文从理论上分析了目前互联网中制造资源自组织管理的现状,总结归纳其特点和规律,以便进一步促进互联网中制造资源自组织管理的发展,从而提高互联网中制造资源的使用效率。
     互联网是一个复杂而庞大的系统,其中存在大量的自组织现象。从本质上讲,互联网的建设、组织和发展都是自组织进行的,而互联网中的各种系统(如资源管理系统)只是这些自组织过程的使能工具。但是,从认识互联网中的自组织现象到利用现象背后的规律来管理互联网中的制造资源,其中却有很多的工作要做。论文以零部件资源、制造知识资源和软件资源为研究对象,首先从理论的角度讨论了互联网中制造资源的一些重要特性,分析了网络制造资源自组织的基本原理,研究了将自组织模式应用于系统实践时涉及的若干具体方法,最后结合实验室项目为浙江某汽配企业开发网络制造资源自组织管理原型系统,进行应用验证。论文研究的主要内容如下:
     第一章阐述论文的研究背景和实际意义,对与论文相关的研究领域进行了回顾和分析,指出了用自组织理论研究网络制造资源管理的需求,进而给出论文的研究内容和组织结构。
     第二章通过对网络制造资源的基本特性、网络制造资源建设与使用的长尾特性、网络制造资源的传递特性等分析,从而提出提高网络制造资源使用效率的相关策略。最后对网络资源管理的案例进行分析,提出适合网络制造资源的管理模式——有控自组织管理模式。
     第三章依据经典的自组织理论从宏观分析网络制造资源自组织的原理,包括:用耗散结构理论分析了网络制造资源是否满足自组织进化的基本条件;以协同学理论为基础,确立了网络制造资源自组织演化的动力基础,分析了代表系统演化趋势的序参量;借助分形理论,从时间角度提出适合网络制造资源演化的生长模型(NMRA)。
     第四章初步提出一套面向网络制造资源管理系统的有控自组织方法,该方法中讨论了将自组织理论用于资源管理时的若干具体问题,其中包括网络制造资源自组织的仿生方法、系统内部的资源关联方法、网络制造资源自组织演化的学习方法、基于SOM的网络制造资源演化结果的记忆方法,以及网络制造资源的评价方法和内部竞争方法。
     第五章首先,分析了互联网中现有网络资源管理系统存在的问题,从而提出构建网络制造资源自组织管理系统(NMRM2SO)的需求,分析NMRM2SO的构成,以及概述NMRM2SO中采用的实现技术;其后,介绍了NMRM2SO设计开发过程中的若干基础问题,包括系统的层次结构、系统中的数据库设计,以及系统的体系结构;最后,讨论了系统实现过程中的若干关键技术,包括NMRM2SO中的数据采集技术、资源搜索技术、本体模型及资源智能查询接口,以及软件类资源的集成技术。
     第六章介绍NMRM2SO原型系统初始化阶段的若干实例,包括资源的自动抓取、本体模型的建立和本体推理的实现,说明NMRM2SO具有可实现性。论述NMRM2SO原型系统中的若干应用实例,初步验证本文前述研究内容的有效性。
     第七章对全文进行总结,并对后续研究进行展望。
Internet plays a more and more important role in manufacturing, so how to find, organize, and use manufacturing resources by Internet is a key research field. In the dissertation, the current status of the self-organization management for networked manufacturing resources are analyzed, and some its laws and characteristics are summarized. Further, the self-organization management theory for Internet resources is enhanced to improve the efficiency of using networked manufacturing resources.
     Internet is a huge and complex system, where are a lot of self-organization phenomena. Essentially, the constructing, organizing and developing of Internet are in a self-organization way. Various systems in Internet, such as resources management system, are just utility tools to accomplish these self-organization processes. But there are still lots of research work to do from perceiving these phenomena to using the laws behind these phenomenons. In this dissertation, some important characteristics of networked manufacturing resources are discussed firstly. Then the basic self-organization principles of networked manufacturing resources are analyzed, and several key methods in putting self-organization pattern into system application are studied. Finally, a prototype system for networked manufacturing resources management is researched and developed. The key points of this dissertation are dissertated as follows:
     In the 1st chapter, the research background and practical significance of this dissertation are introduced briefly. And the current advances related to self-organization and networked manufacturing resources are reviewed. The necessity and the project background of this research are presented. Finally, the main content and structure of this dissertation are given.
     In the 2nd chapter, some important characteristics of networked manufacturing resources, including some basic properties of networked manufacturing resources, the long tail trait in building and using networked resources, and the tranferring speciality of networked manufacturing resources are discussed. Based on these analyses, the relative strategies for improving the efficiency of using networked manufacturing resources are proposed. According to the analyzing for some resources management cases in Internet, a new pattern for networked manufacturing resources management, self-organization with other-control is put forward.
     In the 3rd chapter, some basic self-organization principles of networked manufacturing resources are analyzed by using classical self-organization theory. Based on Dissipative Structure Theory, the networked manufacturing resources whether it could be evolved or not in self-organization pattern is discussed. Based on Synergertios, the evolution kinetics of networked manufacturing resources is presented, and the parameters of the preface to system evolution trends are analyzed. Based on Fractal Theory, the Networked Manufacturing Resources Aggregation (NMRA) model for resources growth is proposed.
     In the 4th chapter, a self-organization with other-contral method for networked manufacturing resources management is presented oriented to putting self-organization pattern into system application. Several detailed problems in applying self-organization pattern to resources management are discussed in the method which includes the bionic model of resources evolution system, the conjunction mechanism of resources inside the bionic-system, the self-organization algorithms for resources evolution, the Self-Organization Map (SOM) for memorizing resources evolution results, as well as the assessment method for resources importance.
     In the 5th chapter, the demand for new networked system to manage networked manufacturing resources efficiently is presented by analyzing the shortages of current networked system in Internet. Then the content of the new system is put forward. Some basic issues related to system development, including the system hierarchy, the system architecture, and the design for database are discussed in detail. Some key technologies in system development, including the collection for resources data, search technology, as well as the constructing of ontology model, et al are introduced.
     In the 6th chapter, firstly, some development cases are introduced to show how to implement some key technologies concretely. These key technologies include the auto-grasping of Internet resources, the constructing of resources ontology model, and the reasoning for ontology model. Secondly, some application cases in prototype system are displayed to prove the validity of the dissertation's research works.
     The last chapter summarizes the achievements and innovations of this dissertation and prospects the future works.
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